Okuhlukilei-laser esheshayo kakhuluingxenye yesibili
Ukuhlakazeka kanye nokusabalala kwenhliziyo: Ukusabalala kweqembu kuyalibazisa
Enye yezinselele zobuchwepheshe ezinzima kakhulu ezihlangatshezwana nazo lapho kusetshenziswa ama-laser asheshayo ukugcina isikhathi sama-pulse amafushane kakhulu akhishwa ekuqaleni yi-i-laserAma-pulse asheshayo asengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka kwesikhathi, okwenza ama-pulse abe made. Lo mphumela uba mubi kakhulu njengoba isikhathi sokushaya kokuqala sifushane. Nakuba ama-laser asheshayo angakhipha ama-pulse anobude bemizuzwana engama-50, angakhuliswa ngesikhathi ngokusebenzisa izibuko namalensi ukudlulisa i-pulse endaweni okuqondiswe kuyo, noma ngisho nokudlulisa i-pulse emoyeni.
Lokhu kuphambuka kwesikhathi kulinganiswa kusetshenziswa isilinganiso esibizwa ngokuthi i-group delayed dispersion (GDD), esaziwa nangokuthi i-second-order dispersion. Eqinisweni, kukhona futhi amagama okuphambuka aphezulu angathinta ukusatshalaliswa kwesikhathi kwama-pulse e-ultrafart-laser, kodwa empeleni, ngokuvamile kwanele ukuhlola umphumela we-GDD. I-GDD iyinani elixhomeke ku-frequency elilingana ngokuqondile nobukhulu bento ethile. Ama-transmission optics afana nelensi, iwindi, kanye nezingxenye eziqondile ngokuvamile anamanani amahle e-GDD, okubonisa ukuthi uma ama-pulse ecindezelwe anganika ama-transmission optics isikhathi eside sokushaya kunalawo akhishwa yi-izinhlelo ze-laser. Izingxenye ezinemvamisa ephansi (okungukuthi, ubude be-wavelength obude) zisakazeka ngokushesha kunezingxenye ezinemvamisa ephezulu (okungukuthi, ubude be-wavelength obufushane). Njengoba i-pulse idlula ezintweni eziningi, ubude be-wavelength ku-pulse buzoqhubeka nokwelulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngezikhathi ze-pulse ezimfushane, ngakho-ke ububanzi be-bandwidth, lo mphumela weqiswa kakhulu futhi ungabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwesikhathi se-pulse.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-laser ezisheshayo
i-spectroscopy
Kusukela kwavela imithombo ye-laser esheshayo, i-spectroscopy ibilokhu ingenye yezindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngokunciphisa ubude be-pulse bube yi-femtoseconds noma ngisho ne-attoseconds, izinqubo eziguquguqukayo ku-physics, i-chemistry kanye ne-biology ezazingenakwenzeka ukuzibona manje sezingenziwa. Enye yezinqubo ezibalulekile ukunyakaza kwe-athomu, futhi ukuqaphela ukunyakaza kwe-athomu kuthuthukise ukuqonda kwesayensi kwezinqubo eziyisisekelo njengokudlidliza kwama-molecule, ukuhlukaniswa kwama-molecule kanye nokudluliswa kwamandla kumaphrotheni e-photosynthetic.
ukudweba ngezithombe
Ama-laser e-ultrafast anamandla aphezulu asekela izinqubo ezingezona eziqondile futhi athuthukisa ukuxazululwa kwezithombe zezinto eziphilayo, njenge-multi-photon microscopy. Ohlelweni lwe-multi-photon, ukuze kukhiqizwe isignali engeyona eqondile evela endaweni yezinto eziphilayo noma ekuhlosweni kwe-fluorescent, ama-photon amabili kumele ahlangane esikhaleni nasesikhathini. Le ndlela engeyona eqondile ithuthukisa ukuxazululwa kwezithombe ngokunciphisa kakhulu izimpawu ze-background fluorescence ezihlupha izifundo zezinqubo ze-single-photon. Isizinda sesignali esilula siyaboniswa. Indawo encane yokuvuselela ye-multiphoton microscope nayo ivimbela ubuthi be-photo futhi inciphise umonakalo kusampula.
Umfanekiso 1: Isibonelo somdwebo wendlela ye-beam ekuhlolweni kwe-microscope enezithombe eziningi
Ukucutshungulwa kwezinto ze-laser
Imithombo ye-laser ye-Ultrafast iphinde yashintsha ukusebenza kwe-laser micromachining kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezinto ngenxa yendlela eyingqayizivele ama-pulse amafushane asebenzisana ngayo nezinto. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lapho kuxoxwa nge-LDT, ubude be-pulse ye-ultrafast bushesha kunesilinganiso sesikhathi sokusabalala kokushisa ku-lattice yezinto. Ama-laser e-Ultrafast akhiqiza indawo encane kakhulu ethinteke ekushiseni kune-ama-laser e-nanosecond pulsed, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okuncane kokusikwa kanye nomshini wokusika onembe kakhudlwana. Lesi simiso siyasebenza nasezisetshenzisweni zezokwelapha, lapho ukunemba okwandisiwe kokusika nge-laser ye-ultrafart kusiza ukunciphisa umonakalo ezicutshini ezizungezile futhi kuthuthukise ulwazi lwesiguli ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa nge-laser.
Ama-pulse e-Attosecond: ikusasa lama-laser asheshayo
Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ama-laser asheshayo, kuthuthukiswa imithombo yokukhanya emisha nethuthukisiwe enesikhathi esifushane sokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ukuze bathole ukuqonda ngezinqubo zomzimba ezisheshayo, abacwaningi abaningi bagxile ekwakhiweni kwama-pulse e-attosecond - cishe imizuzwana eyi-10-18 ebangeni lamaza e-ultraviolet (XUV) extreme ultraviolet. Ama-pulse e-attosecond avumela ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwama-electron futhi athuthukise ukuqonda kwethu isakhiwo se-elekthronikhi kanye ne-quantum mechanics. Ngenkathi ukuhlanganiswa kwama-laser e-attosecond e-XUV ezinqubweni zezimboni kungakenzi intuthuko enkulu, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko ensimini cishe kuzosusa lobu buchwepheshe elabhorethri futhi bungene ekukhiqizeni, njengoba kube njalo nge-femtosecond kanye ne-picosecond.imithombo ye-laser.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-25-2024