Isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwesivinini esikhulu, umthamo omkhulu kanye nomkhawulokudonsa obanzi wokuxhumana optical kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwamadivayisi we-photoelectric.Isisekelo sokuhlanganiswa yi-miniaturization yamadivayisi we-photoelectric.Ngakho-ke, i-miniaturization yamadivayisi we-photoelectric yiyona ehamba phambili futhi eshisayo emkhakheni wokuxhumana optical.Eminyakeni yamuva, uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bendabuko be-optoelectronic, ubuchwepheshe be-femtosecond laser micromachining buzoba isizukulwane esisha sobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza idivayisi ye-optoelectronic.Izazi ekhaya naphesheya zenze ukuhlola okuzuzisayo emikhakheni eminingi yobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela i-optical waveguide futhi zenza inqubekelaphambili enkulu.