I-laser esheshayo kakhuluyesayensi ye-attosecond
Njengamanje, ama-pulse e-attosecond atholakala kakhulu ngokukhiqizwa kwe-harmonic ephezulu (i-HHG) eqhutshwa amasimu aqinile. Ingqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwawo ingaqondwa njengama-electron aguqulwa abe yi-ion, asheshiswe, futhi ahlanganiswe kabusha yinsimu kagesi enamandla ye-laser ukuze akhiphe amandla, ngaleyo ndlela akhiphe ama-pulse e-attosecond XUV.
Ngakho-ke, ukuphuma kwe-attosecond kuzwela kakhulu ububanzi be-pulse, amandla, ubude be-wavelength, kanye nesilinganiso sokuphindaphinda kwe-i-laser yokushayela(I-laser esheshayo kakhulu): ububanzi be-pulse obufushane buwusizo ekuhlukaniseni ama-pulse e-attosecond, amandla aphezulu athuthukisa i-ionization kanye nokusebenza kahle, ubude be-wavelength buphakamisa amandla okusika kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa, kanye nesilinganiso sokuphindaphinda esiphezulu sithuthukisa isilinganiso sesiginali kuya komsindo kodwa sinqunyelwe amandla e-pulse eyodwa. Izinhlelo ezahlukene (njenge-electron microscopy, i-X-ray absorption spectroscopy, ukubalwa kwe-coincidence, njll.) zigcizelela okuhlukile ku-attosecond pulse index, ebeka phambili izidingo ezihlukile neziphelele zama-laser okushayela. Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwama-laser okushayela kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwisayensi ye-attosecond.
Izindlela ezine zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwama-laser okushayela (i-Ultra fast laser)
1. Amandla aphezulu: Aklanyelwe ukunqoba ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphansi kwe-HHG nokuthola ama-pulse e-attosecond aphezulu. Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe kushintshe kusuka ku-chirped pulse amplification yendabuko (CPA) kuya kumndeni we-optical parametric amplification, okuhlanganisa i-optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA), i-dual chirped OPA (DC-OPA), i-frequency domain OPA (FOPA), kanye ne-quasi phase matching OPCPA (QPCPA). Ukuhlanganisa kabanzi amasu okuhlanganisa i-coherent beam synthesis (CBC) kanye ne-pulse splitting amplification (DPA) ukuze kunqotshwe imikhawulo yomzimba yama-amplifiers esiteshi esisodwa, njengemiphumela yokushisa kanye nomonakalo ongeyona i-linear, kanye nokufeza umphumela wamandla wezinga le-Joule.
2. Ububanzi be-pulse obufushane: Yakhelwe ukukhiqiza ama-pulse e-attosecond ahlukanisiwe angasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya amandla kagesi, adinga ama-pulse okushayela ambalwa noma ngisho nama-sub periodic kanye ne-stable carrier envelope phase (CEP). Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko buhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amasu okucindezela ngemuva okungeyona i-linear njenge-hollow core fiber (HCF), i-multi thin film (MPSC), kanye ne-multi-channel cavity (MPC) ukucindezela ububanzi be-pulse bube bufushane kakhulu. Ukuqina kwe-CEP kulinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-interferometer ye-f-2f futhi kufezwa nge-active feedback/feedforward (njenge-AOFS, i-AOPDF) noma izindlela zokuzinza ezisebenza ngazo zonke izindlela ezisekelwe ezinqubweni zokwehluka kwemvamisa.
3. Ububanzi obude be-wavelength: Yakhelwe ukusunduza amandla e-photon e-attosecond ebhendini "yamanzi" ukuze kuthathwe izithombe ze-biomolecule. Izindlela ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe yilezi:
I-Optical parametric amplification (OPA) kanye ne-cascade yayo: Iyisisombululo esiyinhloko ebangeni lobude be-1-5 μ m, kusetshenziswa amakristalu afana ne-BiBO kanye ne-MgO: LN; >Amakristalu afana ne-ZGP kanye ne-LiGaS ₂ ayadingeka ebhendini lobude be-5 μ m.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwemvamisa Ehlukile (i-DFG) kanye nemvamisa Ehlukile Ye-Intra Pulse (i-IPDFG): kunganikeza imithombo yembewu ukuqina kwe-CEP okungashintshi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-laser eqondile, njenge-Cr: ZnS/Se transition metal doped chalcogenide lasers, baziwa ngokuthi “i-mid infrared titanium sapphire” futhi bunezinzuzo zesakhiwo esiqinile kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
4. Izinga lokuphindaphinda eliphakeme: lihlose ukuthuthukisa isilinganiso sesiginali kuya komsindo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokutholwa kwedatha, kanye nokubhekana nemikhawulo yemiphumela yokushaja isikhala. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
Ubuchwepheshe be-resonance obuthuthukisiwe be-cavity: ukusebenzisa i-resonant cavities enokunemba okuphezulu ukuthuthukisa amandla aphezulu e-megahertz level repetitive frequency pulses ukushayela i-HHG, kusetshenziswe emikhakheni efana nama-combs e-frequency e-XUV, kodwa ukukhiqiza i-attosecond pulses ehlukanisiwe kusaletha izinselele.
Izinga lokuphindaphinda eliphezulu kanyei-laser enamandla aphezului-direct drive, okuhlanganisa i-OPCPA, i-fiber CPA ehlanganiswe nokucindezelwa kwe-post okungeyona i-linear, kanye ne-thin film oscillator, ifinyelele ekukhiqizweni kwe-attosecond pulse okuhlukanisiwe ngesivinini sokuphindaphinda esingu-100 kHz.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-16-2026