Ama-coupler aqondisayo ayizingxenye ezijwayelekile zamagagasi e-microwave/millimeter esikalini se-microwave namanye amasistimu ama-microwave.Angasetshenziselwa ukwahlukanisa isignali, ukuhlukanisa, nokuxuba, njengokuqapha amandla, ukuzinzisa amandla okukhipha umthombo, ukuhlukaniswa komthombo wesignali, ukudlulisa kanye nokuhlola ukushanelwa kwefrikhwensi yokuhlola, njll. Kuyisihlukanisi samandla e-microwave esiqondisayo, futhi siyingxenye ebalulekile kuma-reflectometers wesimanje wokushanela-frequency.Imvamisa, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa, njenge-waveguide, i-coaxial line, i-stripline, ne-microstrip.
Umfanekiso 1 wumdwebo wohlelo lwesakhiwo.Ngokuyinhloko ihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili, umugqa oyinhloko kanye nomugqa oyisizayo, ohlanganiswe nomunye ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zezimbobo ezincane, izimbotshana, nezikhala.Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yokokufaka kwamandla okuvela “ku-1″ ekugcineni komugqa omkhulu izohlanganiswa nomugqa wesibili.Ngenxa yokugxambukela noma ukubekwa phezulu kwamagagasi, amandla azodluliselwa kuphela ngomugqa wesibili-owodwa indlela (obizwa ngokuthi “phambili”), kanti enye Cishe akukho ukudluliselwa kwamandla ngendlela eyodwa (okubizwa ngokuthi “reverse”)
Umfanekiso 2 uyi-coupler ephambanayo, enye yezimbobo ku-coupler ixhunywe kumthwalo ofanayo owakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Directional Coupler
1, yesistimu yokuhlanganisa amandla
I-3dB directional coupler (evame ukwaziwa njengebhuloho le-3dB) ivamise ukusetshenziswa kusistimu yokuhlanganisa imvamisa yezinkampani eziningi, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.Lolu hlobo lwesekethe luvamile ezinhlelweni ezisatshalaliswa zasendlini.Ngemuva kokuthi amasiginali u-f1 no-f2 avela kuma-amplifiers amabili adlula ku-coupler eqondisayo engu-3dB, ukuphuma kwesiteshi ngasinye kuqukethe izingxenye ezimbili zamafrikhwensi u-f1 no-f2, futhi i-3dB inciphisa ubukhulu bengxenye ngayinye yamafrikhwensi.Uma enye yamatheminali okukhiphayo ixhunywe kumthwalo omuncayo, okunye okukhiphayo kungasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wesistimu yokulinganisa i-passive intermodulation.Uma udinga ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa ngokuqhubekayo, ungangeza izingxenye ezithile njengezihlungi nezihlukanisi.Ukuhlukaniswa kwebhuloho le-3dB eliklanywe kahle kungaba ngaphezu kuka-33dB.
I-coupler yokuqondisa isetshenziswa kusistimu yokuhlanganisa amandla eyodwa.
Indawo eqondisayo njengenye indlela yokuhlanganisa amandla ikhonjisiwe emfanekisweni (a) ngezansi.Kulo mjikelezo, ukuqondisa kwe-coupler yokuqondisa kusetshenziswe ngobuhlakani.Uma sicabanga ukuthi amadigri okuhlanganisa ama-couplers amabili womabili angu-10dB futhi ukuqondisa kokubili kungu-25dB, ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kweziphetho ze-f1 kanye ne-f2 kungu-45dB.Uma okokufaka kwe-f1 kanye no-f2 kokubili kungu-0dBm, okukhiphayo okuhlanganisiwe kuba kokubili -10dBm.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-coupler ye-Wilkinson esithombeni (b) ngezansi (inani layo elivamile lokuzihlukanisa lingu-20dB), isignali yokufaka efanayo ye-OdBm, ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, kukhona -3dBm (ngaphandle kokucabangela ukulahlekelwa kokufaka).Uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo se-inter-sample, sinyusa isignali yokufaka kumfanekiso (a) ngo-7dB ukuze okukhiphayo kuhambisane nesibalo (b).Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kuka-f1 kanye no-f2 kumfanekiso (a) “kuncipha” “Ingabe ngu-38 dB.Umphumela wokugcina wokuqhathanisa ukuthi indlela yokuhlanganisa amandla e-coupler eqondisayo iphakeme ngo-18dB kune-coupler ye-Wilkinson.Lolu hlelo lufanele ukulinganisa kwe-intermodulation yama-amplifiers ayishumi.
I-coupler eqondisayo isetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa amandla 2
2, esetshenziselwa isilinganiso sokulwa nokuphazamiseka noma ukulinganisa okungamanga
Kuhlelo lwe-RF lokuhlola nokulinganisa, isekethe eboniswe esithombeni esingezansi ingabonakala kaningi.Ake sithi i-DUT (idivayisi noma isisetshenziswa esingaphansi kokuhlolwa) yisamukeli.Kuleso simo, isignali yokuphazamiseka yesiteshi esiseduze ingajovwa kumamukeli ngokusebenzisa ukuphela kokuhlanganisa kwe-coupler eqondisayo.Bese umhloli ohlanganisiwe oxhunywe kubo nge-coupler eqondisayo angahlola ukumelana komamukeli—ukusebenza kokuphazamiseka okuyinkulungwane.Uma i-DUT kuyiselula, isidlulisi sefoni singavulwa isihloli esibanzi esixhunywe ekugcineni kokuhlanganisa kwe-coupler eqondile.Bese i-spectrum analyzer ingasetshenziswa ukukala okukhiphayo okungamanga kwefoni yesehlakalo.Vele, ezinye izifunda zokuhlunga kufanele zengezwe ngaphambi kokuhlaziya i-spectrum.Njengoba lesi sibonelo sidingida kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwama-couplers aqondisayo, umjikelezo wesihlungi awufakwanga.
I-coupler eqondisayo isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okungahambisani nokuphazamiseka kwesamukeli noma ukuphakama okuyinkohliso kweselula.
Kulo mjikelezo wokuhlola, ukuqondisa kwe-coupler eqondisayo kubaluleke kakhulu.I-spectrum analyzer exhunywe ekugcineni kwayo ifuna kuphela ukwamukela isignali evela e-DUT futhi ayifuni ukuthola iphasiwedi kusukela ekugcineni kokuhlanganisa.
3, ukuthola amasampula esignali nokuqapha
Ukulinganisa nokuqapha kwe-Transmitter ku-inthanethi kungase kube enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zamabhangqana aqondisayo.Isibalo esilandelayo siwukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwama-couplers aqondisayo okulinganisa kwesiteshi sesisekelo samaselula.Ake sithi amandla okukhipha isidlulisi angama-43dBm (20W), ukuhlangana kwe-coupler eqondisayo.Umthamo ungu-30dB, ukulahlekelwa kokufaka (ukulahleka komugqa kanye nokulahlekelwa kokuhlanganisa) ngu-0.15dB.Isiphetho sokuhlanganisa sinesignali engu-13dBm (20mW) ethunyelwe kumhloli wesiteshi sesisekelo, okukhiphayo okuqondile kwe-coupler eqondisayo ngu-42.85dBm (19.3W), kanti ukuvuza kungu-Amandla ohlangothini olungalodwa amuncwa umthwalo.
I-coupler yokuqondisa isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa kwesiteshi.
Cishe wonke ama-transmitter asebenzisa le ndlela ukwenza amasampula ku-inthanethi nokuqapha, futhi mhlawumbe le ndlela kuphela engaqinisekisa ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesithumeli ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza.Kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okufanayo ukuhlolwa kwe-transmitter, futhi abahloli abahlukene banokukhathazeka okuhlukile.Uma sithatha iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-WCDMA njengesibonelo, abaqhubi kufanele banake izinkomba kubhendi yabo yefrikhwensi yokusebenza (2110~2170MHz), njengekhwalithi yesiginali, amandla asesiteshini, amandla esiteshi aseduze, njll. Ngaphansi kwalesi sisekelo, abakhiqizi bazofaka ku- ukuphela kokuphumayo kwesiteshi sesisekelo Ibhande elincane (elifana no-2110~2170MHz) i-coupler eqondisayo ukuze igade izimo zokusebenza ezingaphakathi kwebhendi yesidlulisi bese iyithumela esikhungweni sokulawula noma kunini.
Uma kungumlawuli we-radio frequency spectrum-isiteshi sokuqapha umsakazo ukuhlola izinkomba zesiteshi esithambile, ukugxila kwaso kuhluke ngokuphelele.Ngokwezidingo zokucaciswa kokuphathwa komsakazo, ibanga lefrikhwensi yokuhlola linwetshwa laya ku-9kHz~12.75GHz, futhi isiteshi sesisekelo esihloliwe sibanzi kakhulu.Ingakanani imisebe engamanga ezokhiqizwa kubhendi yefrikhwensi futhi iphazamise ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinye iziteshi eziyisisekelo?Ukukhathazeka kweziteshi zokuqapha imisakazo.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-coupler eqondisayo enomkhawulokudonsa ofanayo iyadingeka ukuze kuthathwe isampula lesignali, kodwa i-coupler eqondisayo engamboza i-9kHz~12.75GHz ayibonakali ikhona.Siyazi ukuthi ubude bengalo ehlanganisiwe ye-coupler eqondisayo buhlobene nemvamisa ephakathi nendawo.I-bandwidth ye-ultra-wideband directional coupler ingafinyelela amabhendi e-octave angu-5-6, afana no-0.5-18GHz, kodwa ibhendi yefrikhwensi engaphansi kuka-500MHz ayikwazi ukumbozwa.
4, ukulinganisa amandla aku-inthanethi
Kubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa amandla ohlobo lwe- through-type, i-coupler yokuqondisa iyisisetshenziswa esibucayi kakhulu.Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa umdwebo wohlelo lwesistimu yokulinganisa amandla aphezulu ajwayelekile.Amandla aya phambili asuka ku-amplifier ngaphansi kokuhlolwa athathwa isiphetho sokuhlanganisa phambili (itheminali 3) ye-coupler eqondisayo futhi athunyelwe kumitha yamandla.Amandla abonisiwe athathwa isampula yetheminali yokubuyela emuva (itheminali 4) futhi athunyelwe imitha yamandla.
I-coupler eqondisayo isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla aphezulu.
Sicela uqaphele: Ngokungeziwe ekutholeni amandla abonisiwe emthwalweni, itheminali yokuxhumanisa ehlehlayo (itheminali 4) iphinde ithole amandla okuvuza ukusuka ohlangothini oluya phambili (itheminali 1), okudalwa ukuqondisa kwe-coupler eqondisayo.Amandla abonisiwe yilokho umhloli athemba ukukukala, futhi amandla okuvuza awumthombo oyinhloko wamaphutha esilinganisweni samandla esibonisiwe.Amandla abonisiwe namandla okuvuza abekwe phezulu esiphethweni sokuhlanganisa esingemuva (iziphetho ezi-4) abese ethunyelwa imitha yamandla.Njengoba izindlela zokudlulisela zamasiginali ezimbili zihlukile, i-vector superposition.Uma okokufaka kwamandla okuvuza kumitha yamandla kungaqhathaniswa namandla abonisiwe, kuzoveza iphutha elibalulekile lokulinganisa.
Yiqiniso, amandla abonisiwe avela emthwalweni (ekupheleni kwesi-2) azophinde avuze ekupheleni kokuxhumanisa phambili (ukuphela 1, okungabonisiwe emfanekisweni ongenhla).Noma kunjalo, ubukhulu bayo buncane kakhulu uma buqhathaniswa namandla aya phambili, akala amandla aya phambili.Iphutha eliwumphumela lingashaywa indiva.
I-Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. etholakala “eSilicon Valley” yaseChina – Beijing Zhongguancun, iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu elizinikele ekuhlinzekeni izikhungo zocwaningo zasekhaya nezangaphandle, izikhungo zocwaningo, amanyuvesi kanye nabasebenzi bocwaningo lwesayensi ebhizinisi.Inkampani yethu ibambe iqhaza kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni okuzimele, ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-optoelectronic, futhi ihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezintsha nezinsizakalo eziqeqeshiwe, ezenzelwe wena uqobo abacwaningi besayensi nonjiniyela bezimboni.Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokusungula izinto ezizimele, iye yakha uchungechunge olucebile noluphelele lwemikhiqizo ye-photoelectric, esetshenziswa kakhulu kumasipala, ezempi, ezokuthutha, amandla kagesi, ezezimali, ezemfundo, ezokwelapha nezinye izimboni.
Sibheke ngabomvu ukubambisana nawe!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-20-2023