Isizukulwane Sama-Laser

Isizukulwane Sama-Laser
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-laser kwahlongozwa ngu-Einstein ngo-1916 ngombono wakhe "wokukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo nokushukunyiswayo". Lo mbono wakha isisekelo esingokwenyama sezinhlelo ze-laser zanamuhla. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-photon nama-athomu kungaholela ezinqubweni ezintathu zokuguquka: ukumuncwa okushukunyiswayo, ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokukhishwa okushukunyiswayo. Uma nje ukukhishwa okushukunyiswayo kungaqhubeka futhi kuzinzile, ama-laser angatholakala. Ngakho-ke, amadivayisi akhethekile - ama-laser - kumele akhiqizwe. Ukwakheka kwe-laser ngokuvamile kwakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: into esebenzayo, idivayisi yokuvuselela, kanye ne-optical resonator.

1. Into esebenzayo

Into ekwi-laser engakhiqiza ukukhanya kwe-laser ibizwa ngokuthi into esebenzayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinombolo zama-athomu kule nto ezingeni ngalinye lamandla kuwukusatshalaliswa okuvamile. Inani lama-athomu ezingeni eliphansi lamandla lihlala likhulu kunele ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukukhanya kudlula esimweni esijwayelekile sento ekhanyayo, inqubo yokumunca iyabusa, futhi ukukhanya kuhlala buthakathaka. Ukuze ukukhanya kuqiniswe ngemva kokudlula kule nto ekhanyayo futhi kufezwe ukukhulisa ukukhanya, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukukhishwa okuvuselelwe kube namandla amakhulu. Ukuze wenze inani lama-athomu ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla libe likhulu kunele ezingeni eliphansi lamandla, lokhu kusatshalaliswa kuphambene nokusabalalisa okuvamile futhi kubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwenombolo yezinhlayiya.
2. Idivayisi Yokuvusa Imizwa
Umsebenzi wedivayisi yokuvuselela ukuvusa ama-athomu ezingeni eliphansi lamandla aye ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla, okwenza into esebenzayo ikwazi ukufeza ukuguqulwa kwenombolo yezinhlayiya. Amazinga wamandla ento afaka phakathi isimo somhlabathi kanye nesimo sokuvuselela, kanye nesimo sokuvuselela. Isimo sokuvuselela asizinzile kakhulu kunesimo somhlabathi, kodwa sizinzile kakhulu kunesimo sokuvuselela. Uma sikhuluma ngokulinganiselwe, ama-athomu angahlala esimweni sokuvuselela isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ama-ion e-chromium (Cr3+) ku-ruby anesimo sokuvuselela isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ama-ion e-chromium (Cr3+) ku-ruby anesimo sokuvuselela isikhathi eside esiyiminyaka engu-10-3. Ngemva kokuba into esebenzayo ivuselelekile futhi ifinyelele ukuguqulwa kwenombolo yezinhlayiya, ekuqaleni, ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukene zokusabalala kwama-photon akhishwa imisebe ezenzakalelayo, ama-photon emisebe evuselelekile nawo anezindlela ezahlukene zokusabalala, futhi kunokulahlekelwa okuningi ekukhiqizweni nasekumuncweni; ukuphuma kwe-laser okuzinzile akukwazi ukukhiqizwa. Ukuze kuvunyelwe imisebe evuselelekile ukuthi iqhubeke nokuba khona ngevolumu elinganiselwe yento esebenzayo, kudingeka i-optical resonator ukuze kufezwe ukukhethwa nokwandiswa kokukhanya.
3. I-Optical Resonator
Kuyizibuko ezimbili ezibonisa ukukhanya ezihambisanayo ezifakwe kuzo zombili iziphetho zento esebenzayo, eziqondile ku-axis eyinhloko. Ukuphela okukodwa kuyisibuko sokukhanya okuphelele (ngesilinganiso sokukhanya esingu-100%), kanti okunye ukuphela kuyisibuko esibonakalayo kancane futhi esibonisa ukukhanya kancane (ngesilinganiso sokukhanya esingu-90% kuya ku-99%).
Imisebenzi ye-resonator yile: ① ukukhiqiza nokugcina ukukhuliswa kokukhanya; ② ukukhetha isiqondiso sokukhanya okuphumayo; ③ ukukhetha ubude be-wavelength bokukhanya okuphumayo. Ngento ethile esebenzayo, ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene, ubude be-wavelength bokukhanya okuphumayo abuhlukile, futhi i-spectrum inobubanzi obuthile. I-resonator ingadlala indima yokukhetha imvamisa, okwenza i-monochromaticity ye-laser ibe ngcono.