I-laser eshayelayo inquma umkhawulo ophezulu womthombo wokukhanya we-laser we-attosecond

I-laser eshayelayo inquma umkhawulo ophezulu we-i-laser ye-attosecondumthombo wokukhanya.
Okwamanje,ama-laser e-attosecond pulseakhiqizwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-high-order harmonic generation (HHG) eqhutshwa amasimu aqinile. Ingqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwawo ingaqondwa njengama-electron aguqulwa abe yi-ion, asheshiswe, futhi ahlanganiswe kabusha ukuze akhiphe amandla, ngaleyo ndlela akhiphe ama-pulse e-attosecond XUV.
Ngakho-ke, umphumela wama-pulse e-attosecond uzwela kakhulu ububanzi be-pulse, amandla, ubude be-wavelength, kanye nemvamisa yokuphindaphinda kwe-laser eshayelayo: ububanzi be-pulse obufushane buvumela ukuhlukanisa ama-pulse e-attosecond, amandla aphezulu athuthukisa i-ionization kanye nokusebenza kahle, ubude be-wavelength obude buphakamisa amandla okusika kodwa bunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa, kanye nemvamisa yokuphindaphinda ephezulu ithuthukisa isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-kumsindo kodwa inqunyelwe amandla e-single-pulse.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zigxila ezinkombeni ezibalulekile ezahlukene zama-laser e-attosecond, ngaleyo ndlela zihambisana nokukhetha kokuklama kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokushayelaimithombo ye-laser.
Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nocwaningo lwe-ultrafast dynamics kanye ne-electron microscopy, ukuhlukaniswa okuzinzile kwama-attosecond pulses (IAP) ngokuvamile kudinga ama-short-pulse driving pulses kanye nokulawula okuhle kwe-carrier envelope phase (CEP) ukuze kufezwe ukugada kwesikhathi okusebenzayo kanye nokulawulwa kwe-waveform;
Kwezivivinyo ezifana ne-pump-probe spectroscopy kanye ne-multi-photon ionization, imisebe ye-attosecond enamandla aphezulu noma ephezulu iyasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuvusa/ukumunca, okuvame ukufezwa ngaphansi kwamandla okushayela aphezulu kanye nezimo zamandla aphakathi aphezulu nge-HHG, futhi kudinga ukugcina ukufanisa isigaba okwamukelekayo kanye nekhwalithi yokukhanya ngaphansi kwezimo ze-ionization eziphezulu;
Ukuze kukhiqizwe imisebe ye-attosecond efasiteleni le-X-ray (okuyinzuzo enkulu ekuthathweni kwezithombe okuhlangene kanye ne-X-ray absorption spectroscopy exazululwe isikhathi), ukushayela kwe-mid-infrared long-wavelength kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwandisa amandla okusika kwe-harmonic nokuthola ukumbozwa okuphezulu kwamandla e-photon;
Ezilinganisweni ezibucayi ekuqondeni kwezibalo, njengokubala kanye ne-photoelectron spectroscopy, amaza okuphindaphinda aphezulu angathuthukisa kakhulu isilinganiso sesiginali kuya komsindo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuthola idatha, kuyilapho ishaja/amandla aphansi e-single-pulse kusiza ukunciphisa ukulinganiselwa kwemiphumela yeshaja yendawo ekuxazululweni kwe-energy spectrum.
Ukuhambisana phakathi kwamapharamitha e-laser okushayela, izici ze-attosecond pulse laser, kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Sekukonke, izidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ziqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amapharamitha e-attosecond pulse laser, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ziqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokwakhiwa kanye nobuchwepheshe obubalulekile be-i-laser esheshayo kakhuluizinhlelo.