Izimiso kanye nezinhlobo laser

Izimiso nezinhlobo zelaser
Iyini i-laser?
I-LASER(Ukukhulisa Ukukhanya Ngokuphuma Okuvuselelwe Kokukhishwa Kwemisebe) ;Ukuze uthole umbono ongcono, bheka isithombe esingezansi:

I-athomu esezingeni eliphezulu yamandla ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo iye ezingeni eliphansi lamandla futhi ikhiphe i-photon, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi imisebe ezenzakalelayo.
Okudumile kungaqondwa ngokuthi: ibhola eliphansi liyindawo yalo efaneleke kakhulu, lapho ibhola liphushwa emoyeni ngamandla angaphandle (okuthiwa ukupompa), lapho amandla angaphandle enyamalala, ibhola liwa lisuka endaweni ephakeme, futhi liyakhulula. isilinganiso esithile samandla.Uma ibhola liyi-athomu ethile, leyo-athomu ikhipha i-photon yobude obuthile ngesikhathi soguquko.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-lasers
Abantu baye kahle isimiso laser isizukulwane, baqala ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezahlukene laser, uma ngokusho laser ukusebenza impahla ukuhlukanisa, zingahlukaniswa igesi laser, laser okuqinile, semiconductor laser, njll.
1, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-laser yegesi: i-athomu, i-molecule, i-ion;
Isithako esisebenzayo selaser yegesi igesi noma umhwamuko wensimbi, obonakala ngebanga elibanzi lamaza okukhipha i-laser.Okuvame kakhulu i-CO2 laser, lapho i-CO2 isetshenziswa njengento esebenzayo ukukhiqiza i-laser ye-infrared engu-10.6um ngokuvuswa kokuphuma kukagesi.
Ngenxa yokuthi into esebenzayo ye-laser yegesi iyigesi, isakhiwo se-laser sikhulu kakhulu, futhi ubude be-wavelength be-laser yegesi yinde kakhulu, ukusebenza kokucubungula izinto akukuhle.Ngakho-ke, ama-laser egesi asheshe akhishwa emakethe, futhi asetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni ezithile ezithile, njengokumaka nge-laser izingxenye ezithile zepulasitiki.
2, i-laser eqinileukuhlukaniswa: irubi, Nd:YAG, njll.;
Impahla yokusebenza ye-laser yesimo esiqinile i-ruby, ingilazi ye-neodymium, i-Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), njll., okuyinani elincane lama-ion afakwe ngokufanayo kukristalu noma ingilazi yezinto njenge-matrix, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-ion asebenzayo.
I-solid state laser yakhiwe into esebenzayo, isistimu yokumpompa, i-resonator kanye nesistimu yokupholisa nokuhlunga.Isikwele esimnyama esiphakathi kwesithombe esingezansi siyikristalu ye-laser, ebukeka njengengilazi ekhanyayo ekhanyayo futhi iqukethe ikristalu esobala ehlanganiswe nezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile.Kuyisakhiwo esikhethekile se-athomu yensimbi yomhlaba eyivelakancane eyenza izinhlayiya ezishintshashintshayo lapho zikhanyiswa umthombo wokukhanya (uqonde kalula ukuthi amabhola amaningi aphansi aphushelwa emoyeni), bese ikhipha ama-photon lapho izinhlayiya zishintsha, futhi nini inani lama-photon lanele, ukwakheka kwe-laser.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-laser ekhishiwe iphuma ohlangothini olulodwa, kunezibuko ezigcwele (i-lens yesokunxele) kanye nezibuko zokukhipha i-semi-reflective (i-lens engakwesokudla).Lapho okukhipha laser bese ngokusebenzisa design ethile optical, ukwakheka laser energy.

3, I-semiconductor laser
Uma kuziwa kuma-lases semiconductor, kungamane kuqondwe njenge-photodiode, kukhona i-PN junction ku-diode, futhi lapho i-current ethile yengezwa, ukuguqulwa kwe-electronic ku-semiconductor kwakhiwa ukukhulula ama-photons, okuholela ku-laser.Uma amandla e-laser akhishwe i-semiconductor emancane, idivayisi ye-semiconductor enamandla aphansi ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wepompo (umthombo we-excitation) we-i-fiber laser, ngakho-ke kwakhiwa i-fiber laser.Uma amandla e-laser ye-semiconductor eqhubeka ekhuphuka aze afike ezingeni lokuthi angaphuma ngokuqondile ukucubungula izinto, iba i-laser semiconductor eqondile.Njengamanje, ama-laser aqondile we-semiconductor emakethe afinyelele ezingeni lama-watt angu-10,000.

Ngaphezu kwama-lasers ambalwa angenhla, abantu basungule nama-laser oketshezi, aziwa nangokuthi ama-laser amafutha.Ama-laser angama-liquid ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngevolumu nezinto ezisebenzayo kuneziqinile futhi awavamile ukusetshenziswa.