"Ukuphola" kuyisici esivamile sama-laser ahlukahlukene, esinqunywa yisimiso sokwakheka kwe-laser.umsebe we-laserkukhiqizwa yimisebe evuselelwe yezinhlayiya eziphakathi ezikhipha ukukhanya ngaphakathii-laser. Imisebe evuselelwe inesici esiphawulekayo: lapho i-photon yangaphandle ishaya inhlayiya esimweni samandla aphezulu, inhlayiya ikhipha i-photon futhi ishintshele esimweni samandla aphansi. Ama-photon akhiqizwa kule nqubo anesigaba esifanayo, isiqondiso sokusabalala kanye nesimo sokusabalala njengama-photon angaphandle. Lapho umfudlana we-photon wakhiwa ku-laser, wonke ama-photon kumfudlana we-photon wemodi abelana ngesigaba esifanayo, isiqondiso sokusabalala, kanye nesimo sokusabalala. Ngakho-ke, imodi ye-laser longitudinal (imvamisa) kumele ihlukaniswe.
Akuwona wonke ama-laser ahlukaniswe nge-polarized. Isimo se-polarized se-laser sithinteka yizici eziningana, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-resonator: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-photon amaningi atholakala endaweni ethile ukuze akhe ukushukuma okuzinzile emgodini futhi kukhiqizeukukhanya kwe-laser, ubuso bokugcina be-resonator buvame ukumbozwa ngefilimu yokubonisa ethuthukisiwe. Ngokomthetho kaFresnel, isenzo sefilimu yokubonisa enezingqimba eziningi sibangela ukuthi ukukhanya kokugcina okubonakalayo kushintshe kusuka ekukhanyeni kwemvelo kuye ngokuqondileukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe.
2. Izici ze-gain medium: ukukhiqizwa kwe-laser kusekelwe emisebeni evuselelwe. Lapho ama-athomu avuselelwe ekhipha ama-photon ngaphansi kokuvusa ama-photon angaphandle, lawa ma-photon ayadlidliza ngendlela efanayo (isimo se-polarization) njenge-photon angaphandle, okuvumela i-laser ukuthi igcine isimo se-polarization esizinzile nesiyingqayizivele. Ngisho nezinguquko ezincane esimweni se-polarization zizohlungwa yi-resonator ngoba ukushukuma okuzinzile akukwazi ukwakheka.
Enqubweni yangempela yokukhiqiza i-laser, i-wave plate kanye ne-polarization crystal kuvame ukungezwa ngaphakathi kwe-laser ukulungisa isimo sokuzinza kwe-resonator, ukuze isimo se-polarization emgodini sibe esiyingqayizivele. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwenza amandla e-laser agxile kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokuvusa kuphakeme, kodwa futhi kugwema ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukungakwazi ukunyakazisa. Ngakho-ke, isimo se-polarization se-laser sincike ezintweni eziningi ezifana nesakhiwo se-resonator, uhlobo lwe-gain medium kanye nezimo ze-oscillation, futhi akuhlali kuhlukile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-17-2024