Ingxenye EYODWA
1, ukutholwa kungendlela ethile ephathekayo, hlukanisa inani lamapharamitha alinganisiwe ebanga elithile, ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi amapharamitha alinganisiwe afanelekile yini noma ukuthi inani lamapharamitha likhona yini.Inqubo yokuqhathanisa inani elingaziwa elikalwa nenani elijwayelekile lohlobo olufanayo, kutholwa ukuphindaphinda kwenani elijwayelekile elikalwa ithimba elilinganisiwe, futhi kuvezwe lokhu kuphindwa ngezinombolo.
Emkhakheni wokuzenzakalela nokuhlonza, umsebenzi wokutholwa awukona nje kuphela ukuhlola nokulinganisa imikhiqizo eqediwe noma imikhiqizo eseqediwe kancane, kodwa futhi ukuze uhlole, uqondise futhi ulawule inqubo yokukhiqiza noma into enyakazayo ukuze iyenze ibe sezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. isimo esikhethwe abantu, kuyadingeka ukuthola nokukala usayizi noshintsho lwamapharamitha ahlukahlukene nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Lobu buchwepheshe bokubona ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulinganisa inqubo yokukhiqiza nezinto ezihambayo bubizwa nangokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola ubunjiniyela.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokulinganisa: ukulinganisa okuqondile nokulinganisa okungaqondile
Ukulinganisa okuqondile ukukala inani elilinganiselwe lokufunda imitha ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isibalo, njengokuthi: ukusebenzisa i-thermometer ukukala izinga lokushisa, kusetshenziswa i-multimeter ukukala i-voltage.
Isilinganiso esingaqondile siwukulinganisa amanani aphathekayo amaningana ahlobene nokukalwa, nokubala inani elilinganiselwe ngobudlelwano bokusebenza.Isibonelo, amandla P ahlobene ne-voltage V kanye ne-current I, okungukuthi, i-P=VI, futhi amandla abalwa ngokulinganisa i-voltage kanye namanje.
Ukulinganisa okuqondile kulula futhi kulula, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekusebenzeni.Kodwa-ke, ezimeni lapho ukulinganisa okuqondile kungenakwenzeka, ukulinganisa okuqondile akulungile noma iphutha lokulinganisa eliqondile likhulu, ukulinganisa okungaqondile kungasetshenziswa.
Umqondo wenzwa ye-photoelectric kanye nenzwa
Umsebenzi wenzwa ukuguqula inani elingelona ugesi libe yinani eliphumayo likagesi okunobudlelwano obuqondile obuhambisanayo, okuwukuxhumanisa phakathi kwesistimu yobuningi obungewona ugesi kanye nesistimu yobuningi kagesi.Enqubweni yokuthola nokulawula, inzwa iyidivayisi ebalulekile yokuguqula.Ngokombono wamandla, inzwa ingahlukaniswa ibe izinhlobo ezimbili: enye inzwa yokulawula amandla, eyaziwa nangokuthi inzwa esebenzayo;Enye inzwa yokuguqula amandla, eyaziwa nangokuthi inzwa yokwenziwa.Inzwa yokulawula amandla ibhekisela kwinzwa izolinganiswa ekuguqulweni kwemingcele kagesi (njengokumelana, amandla) izinguquko, inzwa idinga ukwengeza ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthakazelisayo, ingalinganiswa nemingcele ishintsha ibe yi-voltage, izinguquko zamanje.Inzwa yokuguqula amandla ingakwazi ukuguqula ngokuqondile uguquko olulinganisiwe lube uguquko lwe-voltage nelamanje, ngaphandle komthombo wangaphandle wokuvusa.
Ezimweni eziningi, inani elingelona elogesi elizokalwa akulona uhlobo lwenani elingelona elogesi inzwa engakwazi ukuyiguqula, okudinga ukungeza idivayisi noma idivayisi phambi kwenzwa engaguqula inani elingewona elogesi elikalwa kugesi. inani elingelona likagesi inzwa engayithola futhi liyiguqule.Ingxenye noma idivayisi engaguqula okulinganiselwe okungewona ugesi kube ugesi otholakalayo inzwa.Isibonelo, lapho ukala i-voltage nge-resistance gauge ye-resistance gauge, kuyadingeka ukuthi unamathisele i-strain gauge kusici esinwebekayo sengcindezi ethengisayo, into enwebekayo iguqula ingcindezi ibe amandla obunzima, futhi igeji ye-strain gauge iguqula amandla obunzima abe yi-strain force. ukushintsha ukumelana.Lapha i-strain gauge iyinzwa, futhi isici esinwebekayo yinzwa.Kokubili inzwa kanye nenzwa kungaguqula okulinganiselwe okungewona ugesi noma kunini, kodwa inzwa iguqulela okulinganiselwe okungewona ugesi kube okungewona ugesi okutholakalayo, futhi inzwa iguqula okungewona ugesi okukaliwe kube ugesi.
2, inzwa ye-photoelectricisekelwe kumphumela we-photoelectric, isignali yokukhanya ibe inzwa yesignali kagesi, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekulawuleni okuzenzakalelayo, i-aerospace nomsakazo nethelevishini nezinye izinkambu.
Izinzwa zikagesi wezithombe ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ama-photodiode, ama-phototransistors, ama-Cd e-photoresistors, ama-photocoupler, izinzwa zikagesi ezitholwa njengefa, amaseli ezithombe nezinzwa zesithombe.Ithebula lezinhlobo eziyinhloko liboniswa emfanekisweni ongezansi.Ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha inzwa efanele ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela oyifunayo.Umgomo ojwayelekile wokukhetha uthi:ukutholwa kwe-photoelectric ngesivinini esikhuluisifunda, ububanzi bemitha yokukhanya, inzwa ye-laser ye-ultra-high-speed kufanele ikhethe i-photodiode;Inzwa elula ye-pulse photoelectric yezinkulungwane ezimbalwa ze-Hertz kanye ne-low-speed pulse photoelectric switch kumjikelezo olula kufanele ikhethe i-phototransistor;Nakuba isivinini sokuphendula sihamba kancane, inzwa yebhuloho lokumelana esebenza kahle kanye nenzwa yesithombe kagesi enendawo yokumelana, inzwa ye-photoelectric kusekethe yokukhanyisa okuzenzakalelayo yesibani somgwaqo, nokumelana okuguquguqukayo okushintsha ngokulingana namandla okukhanya kufanele kukhethe. Ama-Cd kanye nezakhi ze-Pbs ezizwelayo;Izifaki khodi ezijikelezayo, izinzwa zesivinini kanye nezinzwa ze-laser zesivinini esikhulu kufanele zihlanganiswe izinzwa ze-photoelectric.
Uhlobo lwenzwa yesithombe sikagesi Isibonelo senzwa yezithombe zikagesi
I-PN junctionI-PN Photodiode(Si, Ge, GaAs)
I-PIN Photodiode (Si impahla)
I-Avalanche photodiode(Si, Ge)
I-Phototransistor (I-PhotoDarlington tube) (Si impahla)
Inzwa ye-photoelectric ehlanganisiwe ne-photoelectric thyristor (Si impahla)
I-photocell ye-non-pn junction (izinto zisebenzisa i-CdS, i-CdSe, i-Se, i-PbS)
Izingxenye ze-Thermoelectric (izinto ezisetshenzisiwe (PZT, LiTaO3, PbTiO3)
Ishubhu ye-electron yohlobo lwe-phototube, ishubhu yekhamera, ishubhu ye-photomultiplier
Ezinye izinzwa ezizwelayo ngombala (Si, α-Si materials)
Inzwa yesithombe esiqinile (i-Si impahla, uhlobo lwe-CCD, uhlobo lwe-MOS, uhlobo lwe-CPD
Isici sokuthola indawo (PSD) (Si impahla)
I-Photocell (Photodiode) (Si yezinto zokwakha)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-18-2023