Irekhodi lokuxhumana le-laser yesikhala esijulile, lingakanani isikhala somcabango? Ingxenye yokuqala

Muva nje, i-US Spirit probe iqede ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana nge-laser yasemkhathini okujulile ngezindawo zomhlaba eziqhele ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-16, okubeka irekhodi elisha lebanga lokuxhumana kwe-optical yasemkhathini. Ngakho-ke yiziphi izinzuzo zalokhuukuxhumana nge-laserNgokusekelwe ezimisweni zobuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo zomsebenzi, yiziphi izinkinga okudingeka izinqobe? Iyini inhloso yokusetshenziswa kwayo emkhakheni wokuhlola isikhala ngokujulile esikhathini esizayo?

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ungesabi izinselele
Ukuhlola isikhala ngokujulile kuwumsebenzi oyinselele kakhulu phakathi kwabacwaningi basemkhathini abahlola indawo yonke. Abaphenyi kudingeka bawele isikhala esikude phakathi kwezinkanyezi, banqobe izindawo ezimbi kakhulu nezimo ezinzima, bathole futhi badlulise idatha ebalulekile, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana budlala indima ebalulekile.

Umdwebo wesimiso weukuxhumana nge-laser yesikhala esijulileukuhlolwa phakathi kwe-Spirit satellite probe kanye nendawo yokuhlola umhlaba

Ngomhlaka-13 Okthoba, i-Spirit probe yaqala, yaqala uhambo lokuhlola oluzothatha okungenani iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi, yasebenzisana ne-Hale telescope ePalomar Observatory e-United States ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana nge-laser esikhaleni esijulile, isebenzisa ikhodi ye-laser eseduze ne-infrared ukuxhumana ngedatha namaqembu eMhlabeni. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, i-detector kanye nemishini yayo yokuxhumana nge-laser kudingeka banqobe okungenani izinhlobo ezine zobunzima. Ngokulandelana, ibanga elikude, ukunciphisa isignali kanye nokuphazamiseka, ukulinganiselwa kwe-bandwidth kanye nokubambezeleka, ukulinganiselwa kwamandla kanye nezinkinga zokushabalalisa ukushisa kufanele ziqashelwe. Abacwaningi bebelokhu belindele futhi belungiselela lezi zinkinga isikhathi eside, futhi badlule ochungechungeni lobuchwepheshe obubalulekile, bebeka isisekelo esihle se-Spirit probe sokwenza izivivinyo zokuxhumana nge-laser esikhaleni esijulile.
Okokuqala, i-Spirit detector isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa idatha obusheshayo, i-laser beam ekhethiwe njengendlela yokudlulisa, ifakwe i-i-laser enamandla aphezuluumthumeli, esebenzisa izinzuzo zeukudluliswa kwe-laserizinga kanye nokuqina okuphezulu, bezama ukusungula izixhumanisi zokuxhumana nge-laser endaweni ejulile yesikhala.
Okwesibili, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka nokuzinza kokuxhumana, i-Spirit detector isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokufaka amakhodi obusebenza kahle, obungafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lokudlulisa idatha ngaphakathi komkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe ngokwenza ngcono ukufaka amakhodi kwedatha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inganciphisa izinga lamaphutha e-bit futhi ithuthukise ukunemba kokudluliselwa kwedatha ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokufaka amakhodi okulungisa amaphutha phambili.
Okwesithathu, ngosizo lobuchwepheshe bokuhlela nokulawula okuhlakaniphile, i-probe ibona ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwezinsiza zokuxhumana. Ubuchwepheshe bungalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo zokuxhumana kanye namazinga okudlulisa ngokuya ngezinguquko ezidingweni zomsebenzi kanye nendawo yokuxhumana, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokuxhumana ngaphansi kwezimo zamandla ezilinganiselwe.
Okokugcina, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokwamukela isignali, i-Spirit probe isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokwamukela imisebe eminingi. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa ama-antenna amaningi okwamukela ukwakha i-array, engathuthukisa ukuzwela kokwamukela kanye nokuzinza kwesignali, bese igcina uxhumano lokuxhumana oluzinzile endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yesikhala esijulile.

Izinzuzo zisobala, zifihliwe emfihlakalweni
Izwe langaphandle akunzima ukuthola ukuthii-laseriyisici esiyinhloko sokuhlolwa kokuxhumana kwesikhala esijulile se-Spirit probe, ngakho-ke yiziphi izinzuzo ezithile i-laser enazo ukusiza intuthuko ebalulekile yokuxhumana kwesikhala esijulile? Iyini imfihlakalo?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo esikhulayo sedatha enkulu, izithombe namavidiyo anesinqumo esiphezulu ohambweni lokuhlola isikhala esijulile nakanjani sidinga amazinga aphezulu okudluliselwa kwedatha okuxhumana isikhala esijulile. Uma sibhekene nebanga lokudluliselwa kokuxhumana elivame "ukuqala" ngamashumi ezigidi zamakhilomitha, amaza omsakazo kancane kancane "awanamandla."
Nakuba ukuxhumana nge-laser kuhlanganisa ulwazi kuma-photon, uma kuqhathaniswa namagagasi omsakazo, amagagasi okukhanya aseduze kwe-infrared anobude obuncane kanye nemvamisa ephezulu, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha "umgwaqo omkhulu" wedatha yendawo ngokudluliselwa kolwazi okuphumelelayo nokushelelayo. Leli phuzu liqinisekiswe ekuqaleni kokuhlolwa kwesikhala sokuqala se-low-Earth orbit. Ngemva kokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokunqoba ukuphazamiseka komoya, izinga lokudluliselwa kwedatha lohlelo lokuxhumana nge-laser laliphakeme cishe ngokuphindwe kayi-100 kunelezindlela zokuxhumana zangaphambilini.