I-Microwave optoelectronics, njengoba negama libonisa, yi-intersection ye-microwave kanyeoptoelectronics.Amaza e-Microwave namaza okukhanya amaza kagesi, futhi amaza angama-oda amaningi obukhulu ahlukene, futhi izingxenye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukiswe emikhakheni yabo ehlukene buhluke kakhulu.Ngokuhlangene, singasebenzisana ngokunenzuzo, kodwa singathola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nezici okunzima ukuzibona ngokulandelana kwazo.
Ukuxhumana kwamehloiyisibonelo esiyinhloko senhlanganisela yama-microwave nama-photoelectrons.Ukuxhumana okungenantambo kwefoni kanye ne-telegraph, ukukhiqizwa, ukusabalalisa nokwamukela amasignali, wonke amadivaysi e-microwave asetshenzisiwe.Kusetshenziswa amaza kagesi ayizibazi eziphansi ekuqaleni ngenxa yokuthi ibanga lefrikhwensi lincane futhi umthamo wesiteshi wokudlulisa mancane.Isixazululo ukukhulisa imvamisa yesignali edlulisiwe, ukuphakama kwemvamisa, izinsiza eziningi ze-spectrum.Kodwa isignali yemvamisa ephezulu ekulahlekeni kokusakazwa komoya inkulu, kodwa futhi kulula ukuvinjwa yizithiyo.Uma ikhebula lisetshenziswa, ukulahlekelwa kwekhebula kukhulu, futhi ukudluliswa kwebanga elide kuyinkinga.Ukuvela kokuxhumana kwe-fiber optical kuyisixazululo esihle kulezi zinkinga.I-Optical fiberinokulahleka kokudlulisela okuphansi kakhulu futhi iyisithwali esihle kakhulu sokudlulisa amasignali amabanga amade.Ibanga lefrikhwensi yamaza okukhanya likhulu kakhulu kunalelo lama-microwave futhi lingadlulisela iziteshi eziningi ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa.Ngenxa yalezi zinzuzo zeukudluliswa kwe-optical, ukuxhumana nge-fiber optical kuye kwaba umgogodla wokudluliselwa kokwaziswa kwanamuhla.
Ukuxhumana okubonakalayo kunomlando omude, ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kubanzi kakhulu futhi kuvuthiwe, lapha akusho okuningi.Leli phepha lethula kakhulu okuqukethwe okusha kocwaningo lwe-microwave optoelectronics eminyakeni yamuva nje ngaphandle kokuxhumana okubonakalayo.I-Microwave optoelectronics isebenzisa ikakhulukazi izindlela nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni we-optoelectronics njengesithwali ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kuzuzwe ukusebenza nokusebenza okunzima ukukufeza ngezingxenye ze-electronic ze-microwave zendabuko.Ngokombono wesicelo, ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izici ezintathu ezilandelayo.
Esokuqala ukusetshenziswa kwe-optoelectronics ukukhiqiza amasiginali we-microwave asebenza kakhulu, anomsindo ophansi, kusukela ku-X-band kuze kufike ebhendini ye-THz.
Okwesibili, ukucubungula isignali ye-microwave.Kubandakanya ukubambezeleka, ukuhlunga, ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa, ukwamukela nokunye.
Okwesithathu, ukudluliswa kwezimpawu ze-analog.
Kulesi sihloko, umbhali wethula kuphela ingxenye yokuqala, isizukulwane sesignali ye-microwave.Igagasi elivamile le-microwave millimeter likhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko izingxenye ze-microelectronic iii_V.Imikhawulo yayo inamaphuzu alandelayo: Okokuqala, kumafrikhwensi aphezulu njenge-100GHz ngenhla, ama-microelectronics endabuko angakhiqiza amandla amancane nangaphansi, kusiginali ye-THz ephakeme kakhulu, akukho angakwenza.Okwesibili, ukuze kwehliswe umsindo wesigaba futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwefrikhwensi, idivayisi yokuqala idinga ukubekwa endaweni yezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu.Okwesithathu, kunzima ukufeza ububanzi obubanzi bokuguqulwa kwemvamisa ye-modulation.Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, ubuchwepheshe be-optoelectronic bungadlala indima.Izindlela eziyinhloko zichazwe ngezansi.
1. Ngokusebenzisa imvamisa yomehluko wamasignali amabili ahlukene e-laser, isithwebuli sesithombe esinemvamisa ephezulu sisetshenziswa ukuguqula amasiginali we-microwave, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 1. Umdwebo ohleliwe wamamicrowave okhiqizwe imvamisa yomehluko wamabiliama-laser.
Izinzuzo zale ndlela yisakhiwo esilula, singakwazi ukukhiqiza igagasi eliphakeme kakhulu le-millimeter wave ngisho nesignali yefrikhwensi ye-THz, futhi ngokulungisa imvamisa ye-laser ingenza uhla olukhulu lokuguqulwa kwemvamisa esheshayo, imvamisa yokushanela.Ububi ukuthi ububanzi bomugqa noma umsindo wesigaba sesignali yemvamisa yomehluko okhiqizwa amasignali e-laser amabili angahlobene mkhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi ukuzinza kwefrikhwensi akuphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma i-laser ye-semiconductor enevolumu encane kodwa ububanzi bomugqa omkhulu (~MHz) esetshenzisiwe.Uma izidingo zevolumu yesisindo sohlelo zingekho phezulu, ungasebenzisa amalaser omsindo ophansi (~kHz) wesimo esiqinile,i-fiber lasers, umgodi wangaphandlei-semiconductor lasers, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zamasiginali we-laser akhiqizwe endaweni efanayo ye-laser zingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza imvamisa yomehluko, ukuze ukusebenza kokuqina kwe-microwave kuthuthukiswe kakhulu.
2. Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokuthi ama-laser amabili endleleni yangaphambilini awahlangani futhi umsindo wesigaba sesiginali okhiqiziwe mkhulu kakhulu, ukuhlangana phakathi kwama-laser amabili kungatholwa ngendlela yokukhiya isigaba sokuvala imvamisa yomjovo noma isigaba sempendulo engalungile. ukukhiya isifunda.Umfanekiso wesi-2 ukhombisa ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kokukhiya umjovo ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-microwave amaningi (Umfanekiso 2).Ngokujova ngokuqondile amasiginali wamanje wemvamisa ephezulu ku-laser ye-semiconductor, noma ngokusebenzisa imodulatha yesigaba se-LinBO3, amasignali optical amaningi amafrikhwensi ahlukene anezikhala ezilinganayo zamafrikhwensi angenziwa, noma ama-optical frequencycombs.Kunjalo, indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola i-wide spectrum optical frequency comb ukusebenzisa i-mode-locked laser.Noma yimaphi amasignali amakamu amabili ekama ekhiqizwa imvamisa yokubona akhethwa ngokuhlunga futhi afakwe ku-laser 1 no-2 ngokulandelanayo ukuze kubonakale ukuvama nokukhiya kwesigaba ngokulandelana.Ngenxa yokuthi isigaba esiphakathi kwamasiginali ahlukene ekamu lekama lefrikhwensi sizinzile, ukuze isigaba esihlobene phakathi kwama-laser amabili sizinze, bese kuba ngendlela yokuhlukanisa imvamisa njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, isignali ye-multi-fold frequency microwave izinga lokuphindaphinda kwekamu le-optical lingatholakala.
Umfanekiso 2. Umdwebo oyisikimu wesignali ephindaphindwayo yefrikhwensi ye-microwave okhiqizwa ukukhiya imvamisa yomjovo.
Enye indlela yokunciphisa umsindo wesigaba esihlobene samalaser amabili ukusebenzisa i-PLL yokubona impendulo engalungile, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Umfanekiso 3. Umdwebo wohlelo lwe-OPL.
Isimiso se-optical PLL siyefana nese-PLL emkhakheni wezogesi.Umehluko wesigaba samalaser amabili uguqulwa ube isignali kagesi ngesitholi sesithombe (okulingana nomtshina wesigaba), bese umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwama-laser amabili utholakala ngokwenza imvamisa yomehluko ngomthombo wesignali wereferensi we-microwave, okhuliswayo. futhi ihlungiwe bese ibuyiselwa kuyunithi yokulawula imvamisa yeyodwa yama-lasers (kumalaser we-semiconductor, umjovo wamanje).Ngokusebenzisa iluphu yokulawula impendulo engemihle, isigaba sefrikhwensi esihlobene phakathi kwamasignali e-laser amabili sikhiyelwa kusignali yereferensi ye-microwave.Isiginali ye-optical ehlanganisiwe ingase idluliselwe ngamafiber optical iye kumshini wokuthwebula izithombe kwenye indawo bese iguqulwa ibe isignali ye-microwave.Umsindo wesigaba esiwumphumela wesignali ye-microwave ucishe ufane nalowo wesiginali yereferensi ngaphakathi komkhawulokudonsa weluphu yempendulo engalungile ekhiywe esigabeni.Umsindo wesigaba ongaphandle komkhawulokudonsa ulingana nomsindo wesigaba esihlobene sama-lasers amabili okuqala angahlobene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo wesiginali ye-microwave eyireferensi ungabuye uguqulwe eminye imithombo yesiginali ngokuphindaphinda kabili, imvamisa yokuhlukanisa, noma okunye ukucubungula amafrikhwensi, ukuze isignali yefrikhwensi ephansi ye-microwave iphindwe kaningi, noma iguqulelwe kumasiginali we-RF, i-THz.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiya imvamisa yomjovo kungathola kuphela ukuphindaphindeka kabili, amalophu akhiywe ngezigaba avumelana nezimo, angakhiqiza amaza acishe abe semthethweni, futhi vele ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.Isibonelo, ikamu lefrikhwensi yokubona ekhiqizwe imodulator yezithombe kuMfanekiso 2 isetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, futhi iluphu yesigaba esikhiyiwe isetshenziselwa ukukhiya ngokukhetha ukuvama kwama-lasers amabili kumasiginali amabili ekama optical, bese ikhiqiza. amasignali anemvamisa ephezulu ngokusebenzisa imvamisa yomehluko, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 4. I-f1 kanye ne-f2 amafrikhwensi esignali yereferensi yama-PLLS amabili ngokulandelana, futhi isignali ye-microwave ye-N*frep+f1+f2 ingakhiqizwa imvamisa yomehluko phakathi kwe ama-laser amabili.
Umfanekiso 4. Umdwebo oyisikimu wokukhiqiza amaza angalawuleki usebenzisa ama-optical frequency Combs kanye ne-PLLS.
3. Sebenzisa i-mode-locked pulse laser ukuguqula isignali ye-optical pulse ibe isignali ye-microwavei-photodetector.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yale ndlela ukuthi isignali enezinza ezinhle kakhulu zokuzinza kanye nomsindo wesigaba esiphansi kakhulu ingatholakala.Ngokukhiya imvamisa ye-laser kusibonisi esizinzile kakhulu se-athomu ne-molecular transition, noma i-optical cavity ezinde kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-self-double double frequency elimination system shift shift nobunye ubuchwepheshe, singathola isignali ye-optical pulse ezinzile kakhulu imvamisa yokuphindaphinda ezinzile, ukuze uthole isignali ye-microwave enomsindo wesigaba esiphansi kakhulu.Umfanekiso 5.
Umfanekiso 5. Ukuqhathaniswa komsindo wesigaba esihlobene semithombo yesignali ehlukene.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokuphindaphinda ukushaya kwenhliziyo lilingana ngokuphambene nobude bomgodi we-laser, futhi i-laser yemodi ekhiyiwe yendabuko inkulu, kunzima ukuthola amasiginali we-microwave yemvamisa ephezulu ngokuqondile.Ukwengeza, ubukhulu, isisindo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwama-laser endabuko e-pulsed, kanye nezidingo eziqinile zemvelo, zikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ikakhulukazi elabhorethri.Ukuze kunqotshwe lobu bunzima, ucwaningo lusanda kuqala e-United States naseJalimane lisebenzisa imiphumela engaqondile ukuze kukhiqizwe amacombs okusebenza azinzile emikhiqizweni emincane kakhulu, yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-chirp, ebuye ikhiqize amasiginali we-microwave anemvamisa ephezulu yomsindo ophansi.
4. i-opto electronic oscillator, Umfanekiso 6.
Umfanekiso 6. Umdwebo wohlelo lwe-oscillator ehlanganisiwe ye-photoelectric.
Enye yezindlela zendabuko zokukhiqiza ama-microwaves noma ama-lasers ukusebenzisa iluphu evaliwe yokuziphendulela, inqobo nje uma inzuzo ku-loop evaliwe inkulu kunokulahlekelwa, i-oscillation yokuzithokozisa ingakhiqiza ama-microwaves noma ama-laser.Ukuphakama kwesici sekhwalithi Q yeluphu evaliwe, siba sincane isigaba sesignali esikhiqiziwe noma umsindo wefrikhwensi.Ukuze ukhuphule isici sekhwalithi yeluphu, indlela eqondile ukukhulisa ubude belophu futhi unciphise ukulahlekelwa kokusakazeka.Kodwa-ke, iluphu ende ngokuvamile ingasekela ukukhiqizwa kwezindlela eziningi zokuzulazula, futhi uma isihlungi somkhawulokudonsa omncane singezwa, isignali ye-oscillation ye-microwave eyimvamisa eyodwa ingatholwa.I-photoelectric ehlanganiswe i-oscillator ingumthombo wesignali ye-microwave esekelwe kulo mbono, isebenzisa ngokugcwele izici eziphansi zokulahlekelwa kokusakazwa kwefiber, kusetshenziswa i-fibre ende ukuze kuthuthukiswe inani le-loop Q, ingakhiqiza isignali ye-microwave enomsindo wesigaba esiphansi kakhulu.Njengoba le ndlela yahlongozwa ngawo-1990, lolu hlobo lwe-oscillator seluthole ucwaningo olunzulu kanye nentuthuko enkulu, futhi okwamanje kukhona ama-oscillator ahlanganisiwe e-photoelectric.Muva nje, ama-oscillator e-photoelectric ama-frequencies angashintshwa phezu kwebanga elibanzi athuthukisiwe.Inkinga eyinhloko yemithombo yesignali ye-microwave esekelwe kulokhu kwakhiwa ukuthi i-loop yinde, futhi umsindo ekugelezeni kwayo kwamahhala (FSR) kanye nemvamisa yayo ephindwe kabili izokwenyuka kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ze-photoelectric ezisetshenzisiwe ziningi, izindleko ziphezulu, umthamo unzima ukunciphisa, futhi i-fiber ende izwela kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo.
Lokhu okungenhla kwethula kafushane izindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza amasignali e-photoelectron yamasiginali we-microwave, kanye nezinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi.Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kwama-photoelectrons ukukhiqiza i-microwave kunenye inzuzo ukuthi isignali ye-optical ingasatshalaliswa nge-fiber optical ngokulahleka okuphansi kakhulu, ukudluliswa kwebanga elide kutheminali ngayinye yokusetshenziswa bese iguqulwa ibe amasignali e-microwave, kanye nekhono lokumelana nozibuthe kagesi. ukuphazamiseka kuthuthukiswa kakhulu kunezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivamile.
Ukubhalwa kwalesi sihloko kuhloselwe inkomba, futhi kuhlangene nolwazi lombhali kanye nolwazi lwakhe kulo mkhakha, kukhona okunganembile nokungaqondakali, sicela uqonde.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-03-2024