Ama-couplers aqondisayo ayizingxenye ezijwayelekile zamagagasi e-microwave/millimeter ekulinganisweni kwe-microwave nakwezinye izinhlelo ze-microwave. Angasetshenziswa ekuhlukaniseni isignali, ukuhlukanisa, nokuxuba, njengokuqapha amandla, ukuzinza kwamandla okukhipha umthombo, ukuhlukaniswa komthombo wesignali, ukudlulisa kanye nokuhlola imvamisa yokubonisa, njll. Kuyisihlukanisi samandla e-microwave esiqondisayo, futhi siyingxenye ebalulekile kuma-reflectometers anamuhla ashukunyiswa yimvamisa. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo eziningana, njenge-waveguide, i-coaxial line, i-stripline, kanye ne-microstrip.
Isithombe 1 siwumdwebo odwetshiwe wesakhiwo. Ngokuyinhloko uhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili, umugqa oyinhloko kanye nomugqa osizayo, ohlanganiswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimbobo ezincane, izimbobo, kanye nezikhala. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yokufaka amandla evela ku-“1″ ekugcineni komugqa oyinhloko izohlanganiswa nomugqa wesibili. Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka noma ukufakwa kwamagagasi ngaphezulu, amandla azodluliselwa kuphela emgqeni wesibili - uhlangothi olulodwa (olubizwa ngokuthi “phambili”), kanti olunye Akukho ukudluliswa kwamandla ngendlela eyodwa (olubizwa ngokuthi “ukuhlanekezela”).
Isibalo 2 siyi-coupler enqamula izinhlangothi, enye yamachweba ku-coupler ixhunywe kumthwalo ohambisanayo owakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Directional Coupler
1, yesistimu yokuhlanganisa amandla
I-3dB directional coupler (eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ibhuloho le-3dB) ivame ukusetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa imvamisa yezinkampani eziningi, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Lolu hlobo lwesekethe luvame kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezisatshalaliswa ngaphakathi. Ngemva kokuba izimpawu ze-f1 ne-f2 ezivela kuma-amplifier amabili kagesi zidlule ku-3dB directional coupler, umphumela wesiteshi ngasinye uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili zemvamisa i-f1 ne-f2, kanti i-3dB yehlisa ubukhulu bengxenye ngayinye yemvamisa. Uma esinye seziphetho zokukhipha sixhunywe kumthwalo odonsayo, omunye umphumela ungasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wesistimu yokulinganisa i-passive intermodulation. Uma udinga ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa okwengeziwe, ungangeza ezinye izingxenye ezifana nezihlungi nama-isolators. Ukuhlukaniswa kwebhuloho le-3dB eliklanywe kahle kungaba ngaphezu kwama-33dB.
I-coupler eqondisayo isetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuqala oluhlanganisa amandla.
Indawo yomgodi oqondisayo njengenye indlela yokusebenzisa amandla okuhlanganisa iboniswe kumfanekiso (a) ongezansi. Kulesi sifunda, ukuqondisa kwe-coupler eqondisayo kusetshenziswe ngobuhlakani. Uma sicabanga ukuthi amazinga okuhlanganisa ama-coupler amabili angama-10dB futhi ukuqondisa kokubili kungama-25dB, ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kweziphetho ze-f1 ne-f2 kungu-45dB. Uma okokufaka kwe-f1 ne-f2 kokubili kungama-0dBm, umphumela ohlanganisiwe womabili ungama--10dBm. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-coupler ye-Wilkinson kumfanekiso (b) ongezansi (inani layo elijwayelekile lokuhlukaniswa lingu-20dB), isignali yokufaka efanayo ye-OdBm, ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, kukhona i--3dBm (ngaphandle kokucabangela ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa). Uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo se-inter-sample, sandisa isignali yokufaka kumfanekiso (a) ngo-7dB ukuze umphumela wayo uhambisane nomfanekiso (b). Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kuka-f1 no-f2 kumfanekiso (a) “kunciphisa” “Kungu-38 dB. Umphumela wokugcina wokuqhathanisa ukuthi indlela yokuhlanganisa amandla yesixhumi esiqondisayo iphakeme ngo-18dB kunesixhumi sikaWilkinson. Lolu hlelo lufanelekela ukulinganiswa kwe-intermodulation kwama-amplifier ayishumi.
I-coupler eqondisayo isetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa amandla 2
2, esetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okulwa nokuphazamiseka komamukeli noma ukulinganisa okungamanga
Kuhlelo lokuhlola nokulinganisa lwe-RF, isekethe eboniswe esithombeni esingezansi ingabonakala kaningi. Ake sithi i-DUT (idivayisi noma imishini evivinywayo) iyisamukeli. Kuleso simo, isignali yokuphazamiseka kwesiteshi esiseduze ingafakwa kumukeli ngesiphelo sokuxhuma se-coupler eqondisayo. Bese umhloli ohlanganisiwe oxhunywe kubo nge-coupler eqondisayo angahlola ukumelana kwesamukeli—ukusebenza kokuphazamiseka okuyinkulungwane. Uma i-DUT iyiselula, i-transmitter yocingo ingavulwa ngumhloli ophelele oxhunywe ekugcineni kokuxhuma kwe-coupler eqondisayo. Bese kuba i-spectrum analyzer ingasetshenziswa ukukala ukuphuma okungamanga kwefoni yesehlakalo. Vele, amanye amasekethe okuhlunga kufanele engezwe ngaphambi kwe-spectrum analyzer. Njengoba lesi sibonelo sixoxa kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwama-directional coupler, isekethe yokuhlunga ayifakiwe.
Isixhumi esiqondisa i-directional coupler sisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-receiver noma ukuphakama okungamanga kweselula.
Kulesi sifunda sokuhlola, ukuqondiswa kwe-directional coupler kubaluleke kakhulu. I-spectrum analyzer exhunywe ekugcineni kwe-through ifuna kuphela ukwamukela isignali evela ku-DUT futhi ayifuni ukwamukela iphasiwedi evela ekugcineni kwe-coupling.
3, ukuze kuthathwe amasampula esignali kanye nokuqapha
Ukulinganisa nokuqapha kwe-transmitter online kungaba olunye lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-directional couplers. Lesi sibalo esilandelayo siyindlela ejwayelekile yokusebenzisa i-directional couplers yokulinganisa isiteshi seselula. Ake sithi amandla okukhipha omshini wokudlulisa angama-43dBm (20W), ukuhlanganiswa kwe-directional coupler. Umthamo ungama-30dB, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa (ukulahlekelwa komugqa kanye nokulahlekelwa kwe-coupling) kungu-0.15dB. Ukuphela kwe-coupling kunesignali engu-13dBm (20mW) ethunyelwe kumhloli wesiteshi sesisekelo, umphumela oqondile we-directional coupler ungama-42.85dBm (19.3W), kanti ukuvuza kungama-. Amandla ohlangothini oluhlukanisiwe amuncwa umthwalo.
Isixhumi esiqondisa isiqondiso sisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa isiteshi esiyisisekelo.
Cishe bonke abathumeli basebenzisa le ndlela ukuze bathathe amasampula nokuqapha ku-inthanethi, futhi mhlawumbe le ndlela kuphela engaqinisekisa ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komthumeli ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okufanayo nokuhlolwa komthumeli, futhi abahloli abahlukene banezinkinga ezahlukene. Uma sibheka iziteshi zesisekelo ze-WCDMA njengesibonelo, opharetha kumele banake izinkomba ezisebhendini labo lemvamisa yokusebenza (2110~2170MHz), njengekhwalithi yesignali, amandla angaphakathi kwesiteshi, amandla esiteshi esiseduze, njll. Ngaphansi kwalesi sisekelo, abakhiqizi bazofaka ekugcineni kokuphuma kwesiteshi sesisekelo i-narrowband (njenge-2110~2170MHz) i-directional coupler ukuze iqaphe izimo zokusebenza zangaphakathi kwe-transmitter futhi iyithumele esikhungweni sokulawula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Uma kungumlawuli we-spectrum yemvamisa yomsakazo - isiteshi sokuqapha umsakazo sokuhlola izinkomba zesiteshi esithambile, ukugxila kwaso kuhluke ngokuphelele. Ngokwezidingo zemininingwane yokuphathwa komsakazo, ububanzi bemvamisa yokuhlola bunwetshwa bufike ku-9kHz ~ 12.75GHz, kanti isiteshi sesisekelo esivivinyiwe sibanzi kakhulu. Ingakanani imisebe engamanga ezokhiqizwa kubhendi yemvamisa futhi iphazamise ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinye iziteshi zesisekelo? Ukukhathazeka ngeziteshi zokuqapha umsakazo. Okwamanje, kudingeka i-coupler eqondisayo ene-bandwidth efanayo ukuze kuthathwe amasampula esignali, kodwa i-coupler eqondisayo engamboza i-9kHz ~ 12.75GHz ibonakala ingekho. Siyazi ukuthi ubude bengalo yokuxhuma ye-coupler eqondisayo buhlobene nemvamisa yayo ephakathi. I-bandwidth ye-coupler eqondisayo ye-ultra-wideband ingafinyelela ama-band angu-5-6 octave, njenge-0.5-18GHz, kodwa ibhendi yemvamisa engaphansi kwe-500MHz ayikwazi ukumbozwa.
4, ukulinganisa amandla aku-inthanethi
Kubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa amandla obusebenzisa uhlobo olusebenzisa i-through-type, i-directional coupler iyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu. Isithombe esilandelayo sibonisa umdwebo we-schematic wesistimu yokulinganisa amandla aphezulu edlula ngendlela evamile. Amandla angaphambili avela ku-amplifier ngaphansi kwe-Test athathwa isampula nge-forward coupling end (terminal 3) ye-directional coupler bese ethunyelwa ku-power meter. Amandla abonakalayo athathwa isampula nge-reverse coupling terminal (terminal 4) bese ethunyelwa ku-power meter.
I-coupler eqondisa isiqondiso isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla aphezulu.
Sicela uqaphele: Ngaphezu kokwamukela amandla abonakalayo avela emthwalweni, i-reverse coupling terminal (i-terminal 4) ithola namandla okuvuza avela ohlangothini oluya phambili (i-terminal 1), okubangelwa ukuqondiswa kwe-directional coupler. Amandla abonakalayo yilokho umhloli anethemba lokukukala, futhi amandla okuvuza angumthombo oyinhloko wamaphutha ekulinganisweni kwamandla abonakalayo. Amandla abonakalayo kanye namandla okuvuza abekwe ngaphezulu kokuphela kokuxhuma okuphambene (iziphetho ezi-4) bese ethunyelwa kumitha yamandla. Njengoba izindlela zokudlulisela zezibonakaliso ezimbili zihlukile, kuyi-vector superposition. Uma ukufaka kwamandla okuvuza kumitha yamandla kungaqhathaniswa namandla abonakalayo, kuzokhiqiza iphutha elikhulu lokulinganisa.
Vele, amandla abonakalayo avela emthwalweni (ekugcineni 2) azophinde avuza aye ekugcineni kokuxhumanisa phambili (ekugcineni 1, okungaboniswanga esithombeni esingenhla). Noma kunjalo, ubukhulu bawo buncane uma buqhathaniswa namandla angaphambili, alinganisa amandla angaphambili. Iphutha elivelayo linganganakwa.
I-Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. etholakala “eSigodini saseSilicon” saseShayina – i-Beijing Zhongguancun, iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu elizinikele ekukhonzeni izikhungo zocwaningo zasekhaya nezangaphandle, izikhungo zocwaningo, amanyuvesi kanye nabasebenzi bocwaningo lwesayensi yebhizinisi. Inkampani yethu ihileleke kakhulu ocwaningweni oluzimele kanye nentuthuko, ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa imikhiqizo ye-optoelectronic, futhi inikeza izixazululo ezintsha kanye nezinsizakalo zobungcweti, ezenzelwe wena kubacwaningi besayensi kanye nonjiniyela bezimboni. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokusungula izinto ezintsha, yakhe uchungechunge olucebile noluphelele lwemikhiqizo ye-photoelectric, esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kamasipala, yezempi, yezokuthutha, yamandla kagesi, yezezimali, yezemfundo, yezokwelapha kanye neminye imboni.
Silangazelela ukubambisana nawe!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-20-2023