Izimiso nezinhlobo ze-laser

Izimiso nezinhlobo zei-laser
Kuyini i-laser?
I-LASER (Ukukhulisa Ukukhanya Ngokukhishwa Kwemisebe Okushukunyiswayo); Ukuze uthole umbono ongcono, bheka isithombe esingezansi:

I-athomu esezingeni eliphezulu lamandla ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo iye ezingeni eliphansi lamandla bese ikhipha i-photon, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi imisebe ezenzakalelayo.
Okudumile kungaqondwa kanje: ibhola phansi liyindawo efanele kakhulu, lapho ibhola liphonswa emoyeni ngamandla angaphandle (abizwa ngokuthi ukupompa), lapho amandla angaphandle enyamalala, ibhola liwa lisuka endaweni ephakeme, bese likhipha inani elithile lamandla. Uma ibhola liyi-athomu ethile, khona-ke lelo athomu likhipha i-photon yobude besikhathi esithile ngesikhathi sokuguquka.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-laser
Abantu sebeyifundile isimiso sokukhiqizwa kwe-laser, baqala ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-laser, uma ngokwezinto zokusebenza ze-laser ukuze bahlukanise, zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-gas laser, i-solid laser, i-semiconductor laser, njll.
1, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-laser yegesi: i-athomu, i-molecule, i-ion;
Into esebenzayo ye-laser yegesi yigesi noma umusi wensimbi, obonakala ngobubanzi obukhulu bokukhishwa kwe-laser. Evame kakhulu yi-laser ye-CO2, lapho i-CO2 isetshenziswa khona njengento esebenzayo ukukhiqiza i-laser ye-infrared engu-10.6um ngokuvusa ukukhishwa kukagesi.
Ngenxa yokuthi into esebenzayo ye-laser yegesi iyigesi, isakhiwo sonke se-laser sikhulu kakhulu, futhi ubude bomphetho we-laser yegesi bude kakhulu, ukusebenza kokucubungula izinto akukuhle. Ngakho-ke, ama-laser egesi asuswa ngokushesha emakethe, futhi asetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni ezithile ezithile, njengophawu lwe-laser lwezingxenye ezithile zepulasitiki.
2, i-laser eqinileukuhlukaniswa: irubhi, i-Nd:YAG, njll.;
Izinto zokusebenza ze-laser yesimo esiqinile yi-ruby, ingilazi ye-neodymium, i-Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), njll., okuyinani elincane lama-ion ahlanganiswe ngokulinganayo kukristalu noma ingilazi yento njenge-matrix, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-ion asebenzayo.
I-laser yesimo esiqinile yakhiwe ngento esebenzayo, uhlelo lokupompa, i-resonator kanye nohlelo lokupholisa nokuhlunga. Isikwele esimnyama esiphakathi kwesithombe esingezansi yikristalu yelaser, ebukeka njengengilazi ekhanyayo ekhanyayo futhi equkethe ikristalu ekhanyayo efakwe izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Yisakhiwo esikhethekile se-athomu yensimbi yomhlaba engavamile esakha ukuguqulwa kwenani lezinhlayiya lapho kukhanyiswa umthombo wokukhanya (qonda nje ukuthi amabhola amaningi emhlabathini asunduzelwa emoyeni), bese ekhipha ama-photon lapho izinhlayiya zishintsha, futhi lapho inani lama-photon lanele, ukwakheka kwe-laser. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-laser ekhishwayo ikhishwa ohlangothini olulodwa, kunezibuko ezigcwele (ilensi yesobunxele) kanye nezibuko zokukhipha ezibonisa ukukhanya okuncane (ilensi yesokudla). Lapho i-laser ikhipha bese kuba ngomklamo othile wokukhanya, ukwakheka kwamandla e-laser.

3, i-laser ye-semiconductor
Uma kukhulunywa ngama-laser e-semiconductor, kungaqondwa kalula njenge-photodiode, kukhona i-PN junction ku-diode, futhi uma kungezwa ugesi othile, ukuguquka kwe-elekthronikhi ku-semiconductor kwakheka ukuze kukhishwe ama-photon, okuholela ku-laser. Uma amandla e-laser akhishwa yi-semiconductor emancane, idivayisi ye-semiconductor enamandla aphansi ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wephampu (umthombo wokuvuselela) we-i-fiber laser, ngakho-ke i-fiber laser iyakhiwa. Uma amandla e-semiconductor laser ekhuliswa kakhulu aze afike ezingeni lokuthi angakhishwa ngqo ezintweni zokucubungula, iba yi-direct semiconductor laser. Njengamanje, ama-direct semiconductor lasers emakethe afinyelele ezingeni lama-watt ayi-10,000.

Ngaphezu kwama-laser amaningana angenhla, abantu basungule nama-laser aketshezi, aziwa nangokuthi ama-laser kaphethiloli. Ama-laser aketshezi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngobukhulu nangezinto ezisebenzayo kunezinto eziqinile futhi awavamile ukusetshenziswa.