Izimiso kanye nezinhlobo laser

Izimiso nezinhlobo zelaser
Iyini i-laser?
I-LASER(Ukukhulisa Ukukhanya Ngokuphuma Okuvuselelwe Kokukhishwa Kwemisebe) ; Ukuze uthole umbono ongcono, bheka isithombe esingezansi:

I-athomu esezingeni eliphezulu yamandla ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo iye ezingeni eliphansi lamandla futhi ikhiphe i-photon, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi imisebe ezenzakalelayo.
Okudumile kungaqondwa ngokuthi: ibhola eliphansi liyindawo yalo efaneleke kakhulu, lapho ibhola liphushwa emoyeni ngamandla angaphandle (okuthiwa ukupompa), lapho amandla angaphandle enyamalala, ibhola liwa lisuka endaweni ephakeme, futhi liyakhulula. isilinganiso esithile samandla. Uma ibhola liyi-athomu ethile, leyo-athomu ikhipha i-photon yobude obuthile ngesikhathi soguquko.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-lasers
Abantu baye kahle isimiso laser isizukulwane, baqala ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezahlukene laser, uma ngokusho laser ukusebenza impahla ukuhlukanisa, zingahlukaniswa igesi laser, laser okuqinile, semiconductor laser, njll.
1, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-laser yegesi: i-athomu, i-molecule, i-ion;
Isithako esisebenzayo selaser yegesi igesi noma umhwamuko wensimbi, obonakala ngebanga elibanzi lamaza okukhipha i-laser. Okuvame kakhulu i-CO2 laser, lapho i-CO2 isetshenziswa njengento esebenzayo ukukhiqiza i-laser ye-infrared engu-10.6um ngokuvuswa kokuphuma kukagesi.
Ngenxa yokuthi into esebenzayo ye-laser yegesi iyigesi, isakhiwo se-laser sikhulu kakhulu, futhi ubude be-wavelength be-laser yegesi yinde kakhulu, ukusebenza kokucubungula izinto akukuhle. Ngakho-ke, ama-laser egesi asheshe akhishwa emakethe, futhi asetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni ezithile ezithile, njengokumaka nge-laser izingxenye ezithile zepulasitiki.
2, i-laser eqinileukuhlukaniswa: irubi, Nd:YAG, njll.;
Impahla yokusebenza ye-laser yesimo esiqinile i-ruby, ingilazi ye-neodymium, i-Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), njll., okuyinani elincane lama-ion afakwe ngokufanayo kukristalu noma ingilazi yezinto njenge-matrix, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-ion asebenzayo.
I-solid state laser yakhiwe into esebenzayo, isistimu yokumpompa, i-resonator kanye nesistimu yokupholisa nokuhlunga.Isikwele esimnyama esiphakathi kwesithombe esingezansi siyikristalu ye-laser, ebukeka njengengilazi ekhanyayo ekhanyayo futhi iqukethe ikristalu esobala ehlanganiswe nezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Kuyisakhiwo esikhethekile se-athomu yensimbi yomhlaba eyivelakancane eyenza izinhlayiya ezishintshashintshayo lapho zikhanyiswa umthombo wokukhanya (uqonde kalula ukuthi amabhola amaningi aphansi aphushelwa emoyeni), bese ikhipha ama-photon lapho izinhlayiya zishintsha, futhi nini inani lama-photon lanele, ukwakheka kwe-laser.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-laser ekhishiwe iphuma ohlangothini olulodwa, kunezibuko ezigcwele (i-lens yesokunxele) kanye nezibuko zokukhipha i-semi-reflective (i-lens engakwesokudla). Lapho okukhipha laser bese ngokusebenzisa design ethile optical, ukwakheka laser energy.

3, I-semiconductor laser
Uma kuziwa kuma-lases semiconductor, kungamane kuqondwe njenge-photodiode, kukhona i-PN junction ku-diode, futhi lapho i-current ethile yengezwa, ukuguqulwa kwe-electronic ku-semiconductor kwakhiwa ukukhulula ama-photons, okuholela ku-laser. Uma amandla e-laser akhishwe i-semiconductor emancane, idivayisi ye-semiconductor enamandla aphansi ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wepompo (umthombo wokuvusa) wei-fiber laser, ngakho-ke kwakhiwa i-fiber laser. Uma amandla e-laser ye-semiconductor eqhubeka ekhuphuka aze afike ezingeni lokuthi angaphuma ngokuqondile ukucubungula izinto, iba i-laser semiconductor eqondile. Njengamanje, ama-lasemiconductor lasers aqondile emakethe afinyelele ezingeni lama-watt angu-10,000.

Ngaphezu kwama-lasers ambalwa angenhla, abantu basungule nama-laser oketshezi, aziwa nangokuthi ama-laser amafutha. Ama-laser angama-liquid ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngevolumu nezinto ezisebenzayo kuneziqinile futhi awavamile ukusetshenziswa.