Ingxenye EYODWA
1, ukutholwa kwenziwa ngendlela ethile ebonakalayo, ukuhlukanisa inani lamapharamitha alinganisiwe angowebanga elithile, ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi amapharamitha alinganisiwe ayafaneleka yini noma ukuthi inani lamapharamitha likhona. Inqubo yokuqhathanisa inani elingaziwa elilinganiswe nenani elijwayelekile lohlobo olufanayo, ukunquma inani eliphindaphindiwe lenani elijwayelekile elilinganiswe yithimba elilinganisiwe, nokuveza lokhu kuphindaphindiwe ngezinombolo.
Emkhakheni wokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokuthola, umsebenzi wokuthola awukona nje ukuhlola nokulinganisa imikhiqizo eqediwe noma imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane, kodwa futhi ukuze kuhlolwe, kuqondiswe futhi kulawulwe inqubo yokukhiqiza noma into ehambayo ukuze ibe sesimweni esihle kakhulu esikhethwe ngabantu, kuyadingeka ukuthola nokulinganisa usayizi kanye noshintsho lwamapharamitha ahlukahlukene nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Lobu buchwepheshe bokuthola nokulinganisa ngesikhathi sangempela inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezinto ezihambayo bubizwa nangokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola ubunjiniyela.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokulinganisa: ukulinganisa okuqondile kanye nokulinganisa okungaqondile
Ukulinganisa okuqondile kuwukulinganisa inani elilinganisiwe lokufundwa kwemitha ngaphandle kokubala, njengokuthi: ukusebenzisa i-thermometer ukukala izinga lokushisa, ukusebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala i-voltage
Ukulinganisa okungaqondile kuwukulinganisa amanani amaningana angokwenyama ahlobene nokulinganiswa, nokubala inani elilinganisiwe ngobudlelwano obusebenzayo. Isibonelo, amandla P ahlobene ne-voltage V kanye ne-current I, okungukuthi, i-P=VI, futhi amandla abalwa ngokulinganisa i-voltage kanye ne-current.
Ukulinganisa okuqondile kulula futhi kulula, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekusebenzeni. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho ukulinganisa okuqondile kungenzeki, ukulinganisa okuqondile kungaphazamisi noma iphutha lokulinganisa okuqondile likhulu, ukulinganisa okungaqondile kungasetshenziswa.
Umqondo wenzwa ye-photoelectric kanye nenzwa
Umsebenzi wenzwa ukuguqula inani elingelona likagesi libe umkhiqizo wenani likagesi okunobudlelwano obuqondile obuhambisanayo, okuyisisekelo sokuxhumana phakathi kohlelo lwenani elingelona likagesi kanye nohlelo lwenani likagesi. Enqubweni yokuthola nokulawula, inzwa iyithuluzi lokuguqula elibalulekile. Ngokombono wamandla, inzwa ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: eyodwa iyinzwa yokulawula amandla, eyaziwa nangokuthi inzwa esebenzayo; Enye iyinzwa yokuguqula amandla, eyaziwa nangokuthi inzwa engasebenzi. Inzwa yokulawula amandla ibhekisela kunzwa ezolinganiswa ekuguqulweni kwamapharamitha kagesi (njengokumelana, amandla), izinguquko, inzwa idinga ukwengeza ukunikezwa kwamandla okujabulisayo, amapharamitha angalinganiswa ashintshe abe yi-voltage, izinguquko zamanje. Inzwa yokuguqula amandla ingaguqula ngqo ushintsho olulinganisiwe lube ushintsho lwe-voltage kanye nolwamanje, ngaphandle komthombo wangaphandle wokuvuselela.
Ezimweni eziningi, inani elingelona likagesi okufanele lilinganiswe akulona uhlobo lwenani elingelona likagesi inzwa engaliguqula, okudinga ukwengeza idivayisi noma idivayisi phambi kwenzwa engaguqula inani elingelona likagesi elilinganiswe libe inani elingelona likagesi inzwa engalamukela futhi iliguqule. Ingxenye noma idivayisi engaguqula okungelona ugesi okulinganiswe kube ugesi otholakalayo iyinzwa. Isibonelo, lapho ulinganisa i-voltage nge-resistance strain gauge, kuyadingeka ukunamathisela i-strain gauge ku-elastic element ye-selling pressure, i-elastic element iguqula ingcindezi ibe amandla okucindezela, kanti i-strain gauge iguqula amandla okucindezela abe ushintsho ekumelaneni. Lapha i-strain gauge iyinzwa, kanti i-elastic element iyinzwa. Kokubili inzwa kanye nenzwa kungaguqula okungelona ugesi okulinganiswe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kodwa inzwa iguqula okungelona ugesi okulinganiswe kube okungelona ugesi okutholakalayo, futhi inzwa iguqula okungelona ugesi okulinganiswe kube ugesi.
2, inzwa ye-photoelectricisekelwe kumphumela we-photoelectric, isignali yokukhanya ibe yinzwa yesignali kagesi, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekulawuleni okuzenzakalelayo, ezindiza kanye nomsakazo kanye nethelevishini kanye neminye imikhakha.
Izinzwa ze-Photoelectric zifaka phakathi ama-photodiode, ama-phototransistors, ama-photoresistor ama-CD, ama-photocouplers, izinzwa ze-photoelectric ezizuzwe njengefa, ama-photocell kanye nezinzwa zesithombe. Ithebula lezinhlobo eziyinhloko liboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha inzwa efanele ukuze kufezwe umphumela oyifunayo. Isimiso sokukhetha esijwayelekile yilesi:ukutholwa kwe-photoelectric okusheshayoisekethe, ububanzi bemitha yokukhanyisa, inzwa ye-laser yesivinini esikhulu kakhulu kufanele ikhethe i-photodiode; Inzwa elula ye-pulse photoelectric yezinkulungwane eziningana ze-Hertz kanye neswishi ye-pulse photoelectric yesivinini esiphansi kwisekethe elula kufanele ikhethe i-phototransistor; Nakuba isivinini sokuphendula sihamba kancane, inzwa yebhuloho lokumelana esebenza kahle kanye nenzwa ye-photoelectric enesakhiwo sokumelana, inzwa ye-photoelectric kwisekethe yokukhanyisa ezenzakalelayo yesibani somgwaqo, kanye nokumelana okuguquguqukayo okushintsha ngokulingana namandla okukhanya kufanele kukhethe izinto ezithinta ukukhanya ze-Cds kanye ne-Pbs; Ama-encoder e-rotary, izinzwa zesivinini kanye nezinzwa ze-laser zesivinini esikhulu kakhulu kufanele zibe izinzwa ze-photoelectric ezihlanganisiwe.
Uhlobo lwenzwa ye-photoelectric Isibonelo senzwa ye-photoelectric
Indawo yokuhlangana kwe-PNI-PN Photodiode(Si, Ge, GaAs)
I-PIN Photodiode (izinto ze-Si)
I-photodiode yeqhwa(Si, Ge)
I-Phototransistor (i-PhotoDarlington tube) (izinto ze-Si)
Inzwa ye-photoelectric ehlanganisiwe kanye ne-thyristor ye-photoelectric (izinto ze-Si)
I-photocell engeyona i-pn junction (izinto ezisebenzisa i-CdS, i-CdSe, i-Se, i-PbS)
Izingxenye ze-thermoelectric (izinto ezisetshenzisiwe (PZT, LiTaO3, PbTiO3)
i-phototube yohlobo lwe-electron tube, i-camera tube, i-photomultiplier tube
Ezinye izinzwa ezizwela imibala (izinto ze-Si, i-α-Si)
Inzwa yesithombe esiqinile (izinto ze-Si, uhlobo lwe-CCD, uhlobo lwe-MOS, uhlobo lwe-CPD
Isici sokutholwa kwesikhundla (i-PSD) (izinto ze-Si)
I-Photocell (i-Photodiode) (i-Si yezinto zokwakha)
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-18-2023