I-Microwave optoelectronics, njengoba negama libonisa, yi-intersection ye-microwave kanyeoptoelectronics. Amaza e-Microwave namaza okukhanya amaza kagesi, futhi amaza angama-oda amaningi obukhulu ahlukene, futhi izingxenye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukiswe emikhakheni yabo ehlukene buhluke kakhulu. Ngokuhlangene, singasebenzisana ngokunenzuzo, kodwa singathola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nezici okunzima ukuzibona ngokulandelana kwazo.
Ukuxhumana kwamehloiyisibonelo esiyinhloko senhlanganisela yama-microwave nama-photoelectrons. Ukuxhumana okungenantambo kwefoni kanye ne-telegraph, ukukhiqizwa, ukusabalalisa nokwamukela amasignali, wonke amadivaysi e-microwave asetshenzisiwe. Kusetshenziswa amaza kagesi ayizibazi eziphansi ekuqaleni ngenxa yokuthi ibanga lefrikhwensi lincane futhi umthamo wesiteshi wokudlulisa mancane. Isixazululo ukukhulisa imvamisa yesignali edlulisiwe, ukuphakama kwemvamisa, izinsiza eziningi ze-spectrum. Kodwa isignali yemvamisa ephezulu ekulahlekeni kokusakazwa komoya inkulu, kodwa futhi kulula ukuvinjwa yizithiyo. Uma ikhebula lisetshenziswa, ukulahlekelwa kwekhebula kukhulu, futhi ukudluliswa kwebanga elide kuyinkinga. Ukuvela kokuxhumana kwe-fiber optical kuyisixazululo esihle kulezi zinkinga.I-Optical fiberinokulahleka kokudlulisela okuphansi kakhulu futhi iyisithwali esihle kakhulu sokudlulisa amasignali amabanga amade. Ibanga lefrikhwensi yamaza okukhanya likhulu kakhulu kunalelo lama-microwave futhi lingadlulisela iziteshi eziningi ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngenxa yalezi zinzuzo zeukudluliswa kwe-optical, ukuxhumana nge-fiber optical kuye kwaba umgogodla wokudluliselwa kokwaziswa kwanamuhla.
Ukuxhumana okubonakalayo kunomlando omude, ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kubanzi kakhulu futhi kuvuthiwe, lapha akusho okuningi. Leli phepha lethula kakhulu okuqukethwe okusha kocwaningo lwe-microwave optoelectronics eminyakeni yamuva nje ngaphandle kokuxhumana okubonakalayo. I-Microwave optoelectronics isebenzisa ikakhulukazi izindlela nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni we-optoelectronics njengesithwali ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kuzuzwe ukusebenza nokusebenza okunzima ukukufeza ngezingxenye ze-electronic ze-microwave zendabuko. Ngokombono wesicelo, ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izici ezintathu ezilandelayo.
Esokuqala ukusetshenziswa kwe-optoelectronics ukukhiqiza amasiginali we-microwave asebenza kakhulu, anomsindo ophansi, kusukela ku-X-band kuze kufike ebhendini ye-THz.
Okwesibili, ukucubungula isignali ye-microwave. Kubandakanya ukubambezeleka, ukuhlunga, ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa, ukwamukela nokunye.
Okwesithathu, ukudluliswa kwezimpawu ze-analog.
Kulesi sihloko, umbhali wethula kuphela ingxenye yokuqala, isizukulwane sesignali ye-microwave. Igagasi elivamile le-microwave millimeter likhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko izingxenye ze-microelectronic iii_V. Imikhawulo yayo inamaphuzu alandelayo: Okokuqala, kumafrikhwensi aphezulu njenge-100GHz ngenhla, ama-microelectronics endabuko angakhiqiza amandla amancane nangaphansi, kusiginali ye-THz ephakeme kakhulu, akukho angakwenza. Okwesibili, ukuze kwehliswe umsindo wesigaba futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwefrikhwensi, idivayisi yokuqala idinga ukubekwa endaweni yezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu. Okwesithathu, kunzima ukufeza ububanzi obubanzi bokuguqulwa kwemvamisa ye-modulation. Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, ubuchwepheshe be-optoelectronic bungadlala indima. Izindlela eziyinhloko zichazwe ngezansi.
1. Ngokusebenzisa imvamisa yomehluko wamasignali amabili ahlukene e-laser, isithwebuli sesithombe esinemvamisa ephezulu sisetshenziswa ukuguqula amasiginali we-microwave, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 1. Umdwebo ohleliwe wamamicrowave okhiqizwe imvamisa yomehluko wamabiliama-laser.
Izinzuzo zale ndlela yisakhiwo esilula, singakwazi ukukhiqiza igagasi eliphakeme kakhulu le-millimeter wave ngisho nesignali yefrikhwensi ye-THz, futhi ngokulungisa imvamisa ye-laser ingenza uhla olukhulu lokuguqulwa kwemvamisa esheshayo, imvamisa yokushanela. Ububi ukuthi ububanzi bomugqa noma umsindo wesigaba sesignali yemvamisa yomehluko okhiqizwa amasignali e-laser amabili angahlobene mkhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi ukuzinza kwefrikhwensi akuphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma i-laser ye-semiconductor enevolumu encane kodwa ububanzi bomugqa omkhulu (~MHz) esetshenzisiwe. Uma izidingo zevolumu yesisindo sohlelo zingekho phezulu, ungasebenzisa amalaser omsindo ophansi (~kHz) wesimo esiqinile,i-fiber lasers, umgodi wangaphandlei-semiconductor lasers, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zamasiginali we-laser akhiqizwe endaweni efanayo ye-laser zingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza imvamisa yomehluko, ukuze ukusebenza kokuqina kwe-microwave kuthuthukiswe kakhulu.
2. Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokuthi ama-laser amabili endleleni yangaphambilini awahlangani futhi umsindo wesigaba sesiginali okhiqiziwe mkhulu kakhulu, ukuhlangana phakathi kwama-laser amabili kungatholwa ngendlela yokukhiya isigaba sokuvala imvamisa yomjovo noma isigaba sempendulo engalungile. ukukhiya isifunda. Umfanekiso wesi-2 ukhombisa ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kokukhiya umjovo ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-microwave amaningi (Umfanekiso 2). Ngokujova ngokuqondile amasiginali wamanje wemvamisa ephezulu ku-laser ye-semiconductor, noma ngokusebenzisa imodulatha yesigaba se-LinBO3, amasignali optical amaningi amafrikhwensi ahlukene anezikhala ezilinganayo zamafrikhwensi angenziwa, noma ama-optical frequencycombs. Kunjalo, indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola i-wide spectrum optical frequency comb ukusebenzisa i-mode-locked laser. Noma yimaphi amasignali amakamu amabili ekama ekhiqizwa imvamisa yokubona akhethwa ngokuhlunga futhi afakwe ku-laser 1 no-2 ngokulandelanayo ukuze kubonakale ukuvama nokukhiya kwesigaba ngokulandelana. Ngenxa yokuthi isigaba esiphakathi kwamasiginali ahlukene ekamu lekama lefrikhwensi sizinzile, ukuze isigaba esihlobene phakathi kwama-laser amabili sizinze, bese kuba ngendlela yokuhlukanisa imvamisa njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, isignali ye-multi-fold frequency microwave izinga lokuphindaphinda kwekamu le-optical lingatholakala.
Umfanekiso 2. Umdwebo oyisikimu wesignali ephindaphindwayo yefrikhwensi ye-microwave okhiqizwa ukukhiya imvamisa yomjovo.
Enye indlela yokunciphisa umsindo wesigaba esihlobene samalaser amabili ukusebenzisa i-PLL yokubona impendulo engalungile, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Umfanekiso 3. Umdwebo wohlelo lwe-OPL.
Isimiso se-optical PLL siyefana nese-PLL emkhakheni wezogesi. Umehluko wesigaba samalaser amabili uguqulwa ube isignali kagesi ngesitholi sesithombe (okulingana nomtshina wesigaba), bese umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwama-laser amabili utholakala ngokwenza imvamisa yomehluko ngomthombo wesignali wereferensi we-microwave, okhuliswayo. futhi ihlungiwe bese ibuyiselwa kuyunithi yokulawula imvamisa yeyodwa yama-lasers (kumalaser we-semiconductor, umjovo wamanje). Ngokusebenzisa iluphu yokulawula impendulo engemihle, isigaba sefrikhwensi esihlobene phakathi kwamasignali e-laser amabili sikhiyelwa kusignali yereferensi ye-microwave. Isiginali ye-optical ehlanganisiwe ingase idluliselwe ngamafiber optical iye kumshini wokuthwebula izithombe kwenye indawo bese iguqulwa ibe isignali ye-microwave. Umsindo wesigaba esiwumphumela wesignali ye-microwave ucishe ufane nalowo wesiginali yereferensi ngaphakathi komkhawulokudonsa weluphu yempendulo engalungile ekhiywe esigabeni. Umsindo wesigaba ongaphandle komkhawulokudonsa ulingana nomsindo wesigaba esihlobene sama-lasers amabili okuqala angahlobene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo wesiginali ye-microwave eyireferensi ungabuye uguqulwe eminye imithombo yesiginali ngokuphindaphinda kabili, imvamisa yokuhlukanisa, noma okunye ukucubungula amafrikhwensi, ukuze isignali yefrikhwensi ephansi ye-microwave iphindwe kaningi, noma iguqulelwe kumasiginali we-RF, i-THz.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiya imvamisa yomjovo kungathola kuphela ukuphindaphindeka kabili, amalophu akhiywe ngezigaba avumelana nezimo, angakhiqiza amaza acishe abe semthethweni, futhi vele ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ikamu lefrikhwensi yokubona ekhiqizwe imodulator yezithombe kuMfanekiso 2 isetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, futhi iluphu yesigaba esikhiyiwe isetshenziselwa ukukhiya ngokukhetha ukuvama kwama-lasers amabili kumasiginali amabili ekama optical, bese ikhiqiza. amasignali anemvamisa ephezulu ngokusebenzisa imvamisa yomehluko, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 4. I-f1 kanye ne-f2 amafrikhwensi esignali yereferensi yama-PLLS amabili ngokulandelana, futhi isignali ye-microwave ye-N*frep+f1+f2 ingakhiqizwa imvamisa yomehluko phakathi kwe ama-laser amabili.
Umfanekiso 4. Umdwebo oyisikimu wokukhiqiza amaza angalawuleki usebenzisa ama-optical frequency Combs kanye ne-PLLS.
3. Sebenzisa i-mode-locked pulse laser ukuguqula isignali ye-optical pulse ibe isignali ye-microwavei-photodetector.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yale ndlela ukuthi isignali enezinza ezinhle kakhulu zokuzinza kanye nomsindo wesigaba esiphansi kakhulu ingatholakala. Ngokukhiya imvamisa ye-laser kusibonisi esizinzile kakhulu se-athomu ne-molecular transition, noma i-optical cavity ezinde kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-self-double double frequency elimination system shift shift nobunye ubuchwepheshe, singathola isignali ye-optical pulse ezinzile kakhulu imvamisa yokuphindaphinda ezinzile, ukuze uthole isignali ye-microwave enomsindo wesigaba esiphansi kakhulu. Umfanekiso 5.
Umfanekiso 5. Ukuqhathaniswa komsindo wesigaba esihlobene semithombo yesignali ehlukene.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokuphindaphinda ukushaya kwenhliziyo lilingana ngokuphambene nobude bomgodi we-laser, futhi i-laser yemodi ekhiyiwe yendabuko inkulu, kunzima ukuthola amasiginali we-microwave yemvamisa ephezulu ngokuqondile. Ukwengeza, ubukhulu, isisindo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwama-laser endabuko e-pulsed, kanye nezidingo eziqinile zemvelo, zikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ikakhulukazi elabhorethri. Ukuze kunqotshwe lobu bunzima, ucwaningo lusanda kuqala e-United States naseJalimane lisebenzisa imiphumela engaqondile ukuze kukhiqizwe amacombs okusebenza azinzile emikhiqizweni emincane kakhulu, yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-chirp, ebuye ikhiqize amasiginali we-microwave anemvamisa ephezulu yomsindo ophansi.
4. i-opto electronic oscillator, Umfanekiso 6.
Umfanekiso 6. Umdwebo wohlelo lwe-oscillator ehlanganisiwe ye-photoelectric.
Enye yezindlela zendabuko zokukhiqiza ama-microwaves noma ama-lasers ukusebenzisa iluphu evaliwe yokuziphendulela, inqobo nje uma inzuzo ku-loop evaliwe inkulu kunokulahlekelwa, i-oscillation yokuzithokozisa ingakhiqiza ama-microwaves noma ama-laser. Ukuphakama kwesici sekhwalithi Q yeluphu evaliwe, siba sincane isigaba sesignali esikhiqiziwe noma umsindo wefrikhwensi. Ukuze ukhuphule isici sekhwalithi yeluphu, indlela eqondile ukukhulisa ubude belophu futhi unciphise ukulahlekelwa kokusakazeka. Kodwa-ke, iluphu ende ngokuvamile ingasekela ukukhiqizwa kwezindlela eziningi zokuzulazula, futhi uma isihlungi somkhawulokudonsa omncane singezwa, isignali ye-oscillation ye-microwave eyimvamisa eyodwa ingatholwa. I-photoelectric ehlanganiswe i-oscillator ingumthombo wesignali ye-microwave esekelwe kulo mbono, isebenzisa ngokugcwele izici eziphansi zokulahlekelwa kokusakazwa kwefiber, kusetshenziswa i-fibre ende ukuze kuthuthukiswe inani le-loop Q, ingakhiqiza isignali ye-microwave enomsindo wesigaba esiphansi kakhulu. Njengoba le ndlela yahlongozwa ngawo-1990, lolu hlobo lwe-oscillator seluthole ucwaningo olunzulu kanye nentuthuko enkulu, futhi okwamanje kukhona ama-oscillator ahlanganisiwe e-photoelectric. Muva nje, ama-oscillator e-photoelectric ama-frequencies angashintshwa phezu kwebanga elibanzi athuthukisiwe. Inkinga eyinhloko yemithombo yesignali ye-microwave esekelwe kulokhu kwakhiwa ukuthi i-loop yinde, futhi umsindo ekugelezeni kwayo kwamahhala (FSR) kanye nemvamisa yayo ephindwe kabili izokwenyuka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ze-photoelectric ezisetshenzisiwe ziningi, izindleko ziphezulu, umthamo unzima ukunciphisa, futhi i-fiber ende izwela kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo.
Lokhu okungenhla kwethula kafushane izindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza amasignali e-photoelectron yamasiginali we-microwave, kanye nezinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi. Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kwama-photoelectrons ukukhiqiza i-microwave kunenye inzuzo ukuthi isignali ye-optical ingasatshalaliswa nge-fiber optical ngokulahleka okuphansi kakhulu, ukudluliswa kwebanga elide kutheminali ngayinye yokusetshenziswa bese iguqulwa ibe amasignali e-microwave, kanye nekhono lokumelana nozibuthe kagesi. ukuphazamiseka kuthuthukiswa kakhulu kunezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivamile.
Ukubhalwa kwalesi sihloko kuhloselwe inkomba, futhi kuhlangene nolwazi lombhali kanye nolwazi lwakhe kulo mkhakha, kukhona okunganembile nokungaqondakali, sicela uqonde.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-03-2024