Ama-optoelectronics e-microwave, njengoba igama lisikisela, yindawo lapho kuhlangana khona i-microwave kanyei-optoelectronicsAma-microwave namagagasi okukhanya angamagagasi kagesi, futhi amaza amaningi ahlukene ngobukhulu, futhi izingxenye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukiswe emikhakheni yabo buhlukile kakhulu. Ngokuhlangene, singazuzana, kodwa singathola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nezici okunzima ukuzifeza ngokulandelana.
Ukuxhumana okubonakalayoiyisibonelo esiyinhloko sokuhlanganiswa kwama-microwave nama-photoelectron. Ukuxhumana okungenantambo kwasekuqaleni kocingo kanye ne-telegraph, ukukhiqizwa, ukusabalala kanye nokwamukelwa kwezibonakaliso, konke kusetshenziswe amadivayisi e-microwave. Amagagasi kagesi asebenzisa imvamisa ephansi asetshenziswa ekuqaleni ngoba ububanzi bemvamisa buncane futhi umthamo wesiteshi sokudlulisa uncane. Isixazululo ukwandisa imvamisa yesignali edlulisiwe, lapho imvamisa iphakeme, izinsiza ze-spectrum eziningi. Kodwa isignali yemvamisa ephezulu ekulahlekelweni kokusabalala komoya inkulu, kodwa futhi kulula ukuyivimba yizithiyo. Uma ikhebula lisetshenziswa, ukulahlekelwa kwekhebula kukhulu, futhi ukudluliswa kwebanga elide kuyinkinga. Ukuvela kokuxhumana kwe-optical fiber kuyisisombululo esihle kulezi zinkinga.I-fiber ebonakalayoinokulahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu kokudlulisela futhi iyisithwali esihle kakhulu sokudlulisa izimpawu ebangeni elide. Ububanzi bemvamisa yamagagasi okukhanya bukhulu kakhulu kunobema-microwave futhi ingadlulisela iziteshi eziningi ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngenxa yalezi zinzuzo zeukudluliswa kokukhanya, ukuxhumana nge-optical fiber sekuwumgogodla wokudluliselwa kolwazi kwanamuhla.
Ukuxhumana okubonakalayo kunomlando omude, ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kubanzi kakhulu futhi kuvuthiwe, nakhu akusho okunye. Leli phepha liveza kakhulu okuqukethwe okusha kocwaningo lwe-microwave optoelectronics eminyakeni yamuva nje ngaphandle kokuxhumana okubonakalayo. I-microwave optoelectronics isebenzisa kakhulu izindlela kanye nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni we-optoelectronics njengesithwali ukuthuthukisa nokufeza ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa okunzima ukukufeza ngezingxenye ze-electronic ze-microwave zendabuko. Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa, ihlanganisa kakhulu izici ezintathu ezilandelayo.
Okokuqala ukusetshenziswa kwama-optoelectronics ukukhiqiza amasignali e-microwave asebenza kahle kakhulu, anomsindo ophansi, kusukela ku-X-band kuze kube yi-THz band.
Okwesibili, ukucutshungulwa kwesignali ye-microwave. Kubandakanya ukubambezeleka, ukuhlunga, ukuguqulwa kwamavayisi, ukwamukela njalo njalo.
Okwesithathu, ukudluliswa kwezimpawu ze-analog.
Kulesi sihloko, umbhali wethula ingxenye yokuqala kuphela, ukukhiqizwa kwesignali ye-microwave. Igagasi le-microwave millimeter yendabuko likhiqizwa kakhulu yizingxenye ze-iii_V microelectronic. Imikhawulo yalo inamaphuzu alandelayo: Okokuqala, kuma-frequency aphezulu njenge-100GHz ngenhla, ama-microelectronics endabuko angakhiqiza amandla amancane nangaphansi, kuma-frequency aphezulu e-THz, awakwazi ukwenza lutho. Okwesibili, ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo wesigaba futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwama-frequency, idivayisi yokuqala idinga ukufakwa endaweni ephansi kakhulu yokushisa. Okwesithathu, kunzima ukufeza ububanzi bokuguqulwa kwama-frequency modulation. Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, ubuchwepheshe be-optoelectronic bungadlala indima. Izindlela eziyinhloko zichazwe ngezansi.
1. Ngokusebenzisa imvamisa yomehluko wezimpawu ezimbili ezahlukene ze-laser yemvamisa, i-photodetector enemvamisa ephezulu isetshenziswa ukuguqula izimpawu ze-microwave, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
Isithombe 1. Umdwebo weskimu wama-microwave akhiqizwa yimvamisa yomehluko wezinhlobo ezimbiliama-laser.
Izinzuzo zale ndlela zilula, zingakhiqiza i-wave ye-millimeter evamise kakhulu kanye nesignali yemvamisa ye-THz, futhi ngokulungisa imvamisa ye-laser kungenza ububanzi obukhulu bokuguqulwa kwemvamisa okusheshayo, imvamisa yokushelela. Ububi ukuthi umsindo wobubanzi bomugqa noma wesigaba wesignali yemvamisa yomehluko ekhiqizwa yizibonakaliso ezimbili ze-laser ezingahlobene mkhulu kakhulu, futhi ukuzinza kwemvamisa akuphakeme, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa i-laser ye-semiconductor enevolumu encane kodwa enobubanzi obukhulu bomugqa (~MHz). Uma izidingo zevolumu yesisindo sesistimu zingephezulu, ungasebenzisa ama-laser aqinile anomsindo ophansi (~kHz),ama-laser efayibha, umgodi wangaphandleama-laser e-semiconductor, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezimbili ezahlukene zezibonakaliso ze-laser ezikhiqizwe emgodini ofanayo we-laser zingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza imvamisa yomehluko, ukuze ukusebenza kokuqina kwemvamisa ye-microwave kuthuthukiswe kakhulu.
2. Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokuthi ama-laser amabili endleleni yangaphambilini awahambisani futhi umsindo wesigaba sesignali okhiqizwayo mkhulu kakhulu, ukuhambisana phakathi kwama-laser amabili kungatholakala ngendlela yokukhiya isigaba sokujova imvamisa noma isekethe yokukhiya isigaba sokuphendula esingesihle. Isithombe 2 sibonisa ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kokukhiya imvamisa ukukhiqiza ama-microwave multiples (Isithombe 2). Ngokufaka ngqo amasignali wamanje wemvamisa ephezulu ku-laser ye-semiconductor, noma ngokusebenzisa i-LinBO3-phase modulator, amasignali amaningi optical amaza ahlukene anesikhala esilinganayo semvamisa angakhiqizwa, noma ama-comb emvamisa optical. Yiqiniso, indlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukuthola i-wide spectrum optical frequency comb ukusebenzisa i-mode-locked laser. Noma yiziphi izimpawu ezimbili ze-comb ku-optical frequency comb ezikhiqizwe zikhethwa ngokuhlunga bese zifakwa ku-laser 1 no-2 ngokulandelana ukuze kutholakale ukukhiya kwemvamisa kanye nesigaba ngokulandelana. Ngoba isigaba esiphakathi kwezibonakaliso ezahlukene ze-comb ze-optical frequency comb sizinze kakhulu, ukuze isigaba esihlobene phakathi kwama-laser amabili sizinze, bese kuba yindlela yemvamisa yomehluko njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, isignali ye-microwave yemvamisa ephindaphindwayo yesilinganiso sokuphindaphinda kwe-optical frequency comb ingatholakala.
Umfanekiso 2. Umdwebo weskimu wesiginali yokuphindaphinda imvamisa ye-microwave ekhiqizwa ukukhiya imvamisa yomjovo.
Enye indlela yokunciphisa umsindo wesigaba esihlobene wama-laser amabili ukusebenzisa i-PLL ye-feedback optical engemihle, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Isithombe 3. Umdwebo we-OPL.
Isimiso se-optical PLL sifana nese-PLL emkhakheni we-elekthronikhi. Umehluko wesigaba sama-laser amabili uguqulwa ube yisignali kagesi yi-photodetector (elingana ne-phase detector), bese umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwama-laser amabili utholakala ngokwenza imvamisa yomehluko ngomthombo wesignali ye-microwave ebhekiselwe kuyo, ekhuliswa futhi ihlungwe bese ibuyiselwa kuyunithi yokulawula imvamisa yenye yama-laser (kuma-laser e-semiconductor, yi-injection current). Nge-loop enjalo yokulawula impendulo engemihle, isigaba semvamisa esihlobene phakathi kwamasignali amabili e-laser sikhiywe kwisignali ye-microwave ebhekisele kuyo. Isignali ye-optical ehlanganisiwe ingabe isidluliselwa ngemicu ye-optical iye kwi-photodetector kwenye indawo bese iguqulwa ibe yisignali ye-microwave. Umsindo wesigaba ophumelayo wesignali ye-microwave ucishe ufane nowesignali yenkomba ngaphakathi kwe-bandwidth ye-phase-locked negative feedback loop. Umsindo wesigaba ngaphandle kwe-bandwidth ulingana nomsindo wesigaba esihlobene wama-laser amabili okuqala angahlobene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo wesignali ye-microwave ebhekiselwe ungaguqulwa neminye imithombo yesignali ngokuphindaphindwa kwemvamisa, imvamisa yokuhlukanisa, noma okunye ukucubungula imvamisa, ukuze isignali ye-microwave yemvamisa ephansi iphindwe kabili, noma iguqulwe ibe yisignali ye-RF, THz yemvamisa ephezulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiya imvamisa ngomjovo kungathola ukuphindaphindwa kwemvamisa kuphela, ama-loop akhiywe ngesigaba aguquguquka kakhudlwana, angakhiqiza amaza acishe abe ngokungahleliwe, futhi-ke ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-optical frequency comb ekhiqizwe yi-photoelectric modulator ku-Figure 2 isetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, kanti i-optical phase-locked loop isetshenziselwa ukukhiya ngokukhetha imvamisa yama-laser amabili kuzimpawu ezimbili ze-optical comb, bese ikhiqiza izimpawu zemvamisa ephezulu ngokusebenzisa imvamisa yomehluko, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 4. I-f1 ne-f2 ziyimvamisa yesignali yokubhekisela yama-PLLS amabili ngokulandelana, futhi isignali ye-microwave ye-N*frep+f1+f2 ingakhiqizwa imvamisa yomehluko phakathi kwama-laser amabili.
Isithombe 4. Umdwebo weskimu wokukhiqiza amaza angahleliwe kusetshenziswa ama-optical frequency combs kanye ne-PLLS.
3. Sebenzisa i-laser ye-pulse ekhiyiwe ngemodi ukuguqula isignali ye-optical pulse ibe isignali ye-microwave ngokusebenzisaumshini wokuthola izithombe.
Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi isignali enokuqina okuhle kakhulu kwemvamisa kanye nomsindo wesigaba ophansi kakhulu ingatholakala. Ngokuvala imvamisa ye-laser ibe yi-atomic kanye ne-molecular transition spectrum ezinzile kakhulu, noma i-optical cavity ezinzile kakhulu, kanye nokusebenzisa i-self-doubling frequency elimination system frequency shift kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, singathola isignali ye-optical pulse ezinzile kakhulu enemvamisa yokuphindaphinda ezinzile kakhulu, ukuze sithole isignali ye-microwave enomsindo wesigaba ophansi kakhulu. Isithombe 5.
Umfanekiso 5. Ukuqhathaniswa komsindo wesigaba esihlobene wemithombo yesignali ehlukene.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-pulse lilingana ngokungalingani nobude be-cavity ye-laser, futhi i-laser yendabuko evalwe ngemodi inkulu, kunzima ukuthola amasignali e-microwave avame kakhulu ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi, isisindo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwama-laser avamile avame kakhulu, kanye nezidingo zemvelo ezinzima, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo kakhulu kwelebhu. Ukuze kunqotshwe lobu bunzima, ucwaningo lusanda kuqala e-United States naseJalimane lusebenzisa imiphumela engeyona eqondile ukukhiqiza ama-combs optical azinzile ngemvamisa emihumeni emincane kakhulu, esezingeni eliphezulu ye-chirp mode optical, eveza amasignali e-microwave anomsindo ophansi ngemvamisa ephezulu.
4. i-opto electronic oscillator, Isithombe 6.
Umfanekiso 6. Umdwebo we-schematic we-oscillator ehlanganisiwe ye-photoelectric.
Enye yezindlela zendabuko zokukhiqiza ama-microwave noma ama-laser ukusebenzisa i-self-feedback closed loop, inqobo nje uma inzuzo ku-closed loop inkulu kunokulahlekelwa, i-self-excited oscillation ingakhiqiza ama-microwave noma ama-laser. Uma i-quality factor Q ye-closed loop iphakeme, kulapho i-signal phase noma i-frequency ekhiqizwayo iba ncane khona. Ukuze kwandiswe i-quality factor ye-loop, indlela eqondile ukwandisa ubude be-loop nokunciphisa ukulahleka kokusabalala. Kodwa-ke, i-loop ende ivame ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kwezindlela eziningi ze-oscillation, futhi uma kungezwa isihlungi se-bandwidth encane, kungatholakala isignali ye-microwave ye-low-frequency eyodwa yomsindo we-low-noise. I-photoelectric couped oscillator ingumthombo wesignali ye-microwave osuselwe kulo mbono, isebenzisa ngokugcwele izici zokulahlekelwa kokusabalala okuphansi kwe-fiber, isebenzisa i-fiber ende ukuthuthukisa inani le-loop Q, ingakhiqiza isignali ye-microwave enomsindo wesigaba ophansi kakhulu. Selokhu le ndlela yaphakanyiswa ngawo-1990, lolu hlobo lwe-oscillator luthole ucwaningo olubanzi kanye nentuthuko enkulu, futhi okwamanje kukhona ama-oscillator ahlanganisiwe e-photoelectric ezentengiselwano. Muva nje, ama-oscillator e-photoelectric anemvamisa engalungiswa ebangeni elibanzi athuthukisiwe. Inkinga enkulu yemithombo yesignali ye-microwave esekelwe kulolu lwakhiwo ukuthi i-loop inde, futhi umsindo ekugelezeni kwayo okukhululekile (FSR) kanye nemvamisa yayo ephindwe kabili uzokhushulwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ze-photoelectric ezisetshenziswayo ziningi, izindleko ziphezulu, ivolumu kunzima ukuyinciphisa, futhi i-fiber ende ibucayi kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni kwemvelo.
Lokhu okungenhla kwethula kafushane izindlela eziningana zokukhiqizwa kwezimpawu ze-microwave nge-photoelectron, kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwazo. Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kwe-photoelectron ukukhiqiza i-microwave kunenye inzuzo ukuthi isignali ye-optical ingasatshalaliswa nge-optical fiber ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu, ukudluliselwa ibanga elide ku-terminal ngayinye yokusetshenziswa bese iguqulwa ibe izimpawu ze-microwave, futhi ikhono lokumelana nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic lithuthukiswa kakhulu kunezingxenye ze-electronic zendabuko.
Ukubhalwa kwalesi sihloko kungokwesithenjwa ikakhulukazi, futhi kuhlanganiswe nolwazi lomlobi ngokwakhe locwaningo kanye nolwazi kulo mkhakha, kukhona ukungalungi kanye nokungaqondi, sicela uqonde.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-03-2024