I-Microwave Optoelectronics, njengoba igama libonisa, ukuhlangana kwe-microwave futhiI-OptoElectronics. Ama-microwaves namagagasi akhanyayo angamagagasi kagesi, futhi amafrikhwensi anemiyalo eminingi yobukhulu ehlukile, futhi izakhi nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe emasimini abo ahluke kakhulu. Ngokuhambisana, singasebenzisana ngomunye nomunye, kepha singathola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nezimpawu ezinzima ukubona ngokulandelana.
Ukuxhumana kwe-OpticalIsibonelo esiyingqayizivele senhlanganisela yama-microwaves nama-photoleectrons. Ukuxhumana ngocingo nangocingo, isizukulwane, ukusakazwa kanye nokwamukelwa kwezimpawu, wonke amadivayisi we-microwave asetshenziswa. Amagagasi we-electromagnetic aphansi aphansi asetshenziswa ekuqaleni ngoba uhla lwemvamisa luncane futhi umthamo wesiteshi wokudlulisela mncane. Isixazululo ukukhulisa imvamisa yesiginali edlulisiwe, kukhuphuka imvamisa, izinsiza eziningi ze-spectrum. Kepha isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sokulahleka kokusakazeka komoya sikhulu, kepha futhi kulula ukuvalwa yizithiyo. Uma ikhebula lisetshenziswa, ukulahleka kwekhebula kukhulu, futhi ukuhambisa ibanga elide kuyinkinga. Ukuvela kokukhulumisana kwe-fiber okubonakalayo kuyisisombululo esihle kulezi zinkinga.I-fiber ye-OpticalInokulahleka okuphansi kakhulu kokuhambisa futhi iyisithwali esihle kakhulu sokudlulisa amasiginali amabanga amade. Ububanzi bamagagasi alula bukhulu kakhulu kunalokho kwama-microwaves futhi kungadlulisela iziteshi eziningi ezahlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye. Ngenxa yalezi zinzuzo zeUkudluliselwa kwe-Optical, Ukuxhumana kwe-Fibfice ye-Optical sekuphenduke umgogodla wokudluliselwa kwemininingwane yanamuhla.
Ukuxhumana kwe-Optical kunomlando omude, ucwaningo kanye nesicelo kukhulu kakhulu futhi kuvuthiwe, nansi ukungasho okwengeziwe. Leli phepha lingenisa ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe okuthe xaxa kwe-Optowectonics ye-microwave eminyakeni yamuva ngaphandle kokuxhumana okubonakalayo. I-Microwave OptoelectonFonics isebenzisa izindlela nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni we-Optoelectronics njengenkampani yenkampani yenethiwekhi yokuthuthukisa nokufeza ukusebenza kanye nesicelo okunzima ukufeza ngezinto ze-elekthronikhi zendabuko ze-microwave. Ngokombono wohlelo lokusebenza, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi izici ezintathu ezilandelayo.
Owokuqala ukusetshenziswa kwe-opoleelectronics ukukhiqiza ukusebenza okuphezulu, amasiginali we-microwave aphansi omsindo, kusuka ku-X-band yonke indlela eya e-thz band.
Okwesibili, ukucubungula kwesiginali ye-microwave. Kubalwa ukubambezeleka, ukuhlunga, ukuguqulwa imvamisa, ukwamukela nokunye.
Okwesithathu, ukuhanjiswa kwezimpawu ze-analogi.
Kulesi sihloko, umbhali wethula ingxenye yokuqala kuphela, isizukulwane se-microwave signal. Igagasi lendabuko microwave millimeter akhiqizwa ikakhulukazi yi-III_V Microelectronic izakhi. Ukulinganiselwa kwalo kunamaphuzu alandelayo: Okokuqala, ukuvamisa okuphezulu okufana ne-100GHz ngenhla, ama-microelectonics wendabuko angakhiqiza amandla amancane nawona aphansi, azenze lutho. Okwesibili, ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo wesigaba futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwemvamisa, idivaysi yasekuqaleni idinga ukubekwa endaweni ephansi kakhulu yokushisa. Okwesithathu, kunzima ukufeza uhla olubanzi lokuguqulwa imvamisa yokuguqulwa imvamisa. Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, ubuchwepheshe be-Opoleelectronic bungadlala indima. Izindlela eziphambili zichazwe ngezansi.
1. Ngemvamisa umehluko wezimpawu ezimbili ezahlukene zama-laser ama-laser, kusetshenziselwa i-photodesetor ephezulu kakhulu isetshenziselwa ukuguqula amasiginali we-microwave, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umdwebo 1. Umdwebo we-Schematic wama-microwaves akhiqizwe imvamisa yomehluko kokubiliamachweba.
Izinzuzo zale ndlela ziyisakhiwo esilula, zingakhiqiza i-micleenter frequency millimeencter wave kanye nokushintsha imvamisa ye-laser kungenza uhla olukhulu lokuguqulwa imvamisa okusheshayo, shanela imvamisa enkulu. Okubi ukuthi umsindo we-linewidth noma isigaba sokwehlukana kwesiginali ekhiqizwe yizimpawu ezimbili ezingahlobene ama-laser zikhulu, futhi ukuqina imvamisa akuphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa i-semicenductor, ikakhulukazi i-linewidth (~ MHz). Uma izidingo zesisindo zesistimu zingaphezulu, ungasebenzisa umsindo ophansi (~ khz) ama-lasers aqinile wombuso,I-Fibre Lasers, umgodi wangaphandleAma-Semiconductor Lasers, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezimbili ezihlukile zezimpawu ze-laser ezikhiqizwe kwi-laser cavity nazo zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imvamisa yokwenza umehluko, ukuze ukusebenza njalo kwe-microwave kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.
2. Ukuze uxazulule inkinga ama-lasers amabili ngendlela edlule ayihlanganisi futhi nomsindo wesiginali okhiqizwayo mkhulu kakhulu, ukuhambisana kwama-laser okukhiyiwe okukhiyiwe okukhiya umjovo. Umdwebo 2 ukhombisa ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kokukhiya umjovo ukukhiqiza iziphindaphindwa ze-microwave (Umdwebo 2). Ngokufaka ngokuqondile amasiginali aphezulu aphezulu we-laser we-semiconductor, noma ngokusebenzisa i-linbo3-ganal modulator, amasiginali amaningi we-optical amaza ahlukile anezikhala ezijwayelekile ezinamandla, noma imvamisa ye-optical frequency. Vele, indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuthola ikamu lemvamisa le-spectrum aptical ukusebenziseka i-laser ekhiywe ngemodi. Noma yiziphi izimpawu ezimbili ze-comb ku-actical frequeccess comme akhethiwe ngokuhlunga futhi zifakwe e-laser 1 no-2 ngokulandelana ukuze zibone imvamisa kanye nesigaba ukukhiya ngokulandelana. Ngoba isigaba phakathi kwezimpawu ezihlukile ze-comb ye-Optical Frequency coml zizinzile, ukuze isigaba esiphakathi kwama-lasers amabili sizinzile, bese ngemva kwe-Mult-Frequency Microwave Signal ye-Optical Frequency Rate Rate.
Umdwebo 2. Umdwebo we-Schematic wesiginali ye-microwave frequency ephindaphindeke kabili ekhiqizwa ukukhiya okuvamisile okuvunyelwe komjovo.
Enye indlela yokunciphisa umsindo wesigaba esihlobene nama-lasers amabili ukusebenzisa impendulo engemihle ye-Optical Pll, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 3.
Umdwebo 3. Umdwebo we-Schematic we-OPL.
Umgomo we-Optical Pll ufana nalokho kwe-PLL emkhakheni we-elekthronikhi. Umehluko wesigaba wama-lasers womabili uguqulwe waba yisiginali kagesi yi-PhotoDesetor (okulingana nomtshina wesigaba), bese kuthi umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwama-lesters amabili we-lasers (we-semiconductor lasers, kungumjovo wama-lowward). Nge-Loop Engalungile Yokulawula Okubi, isigaba semvamisa esihlobene phakathi kwalezi zimpawu ezimbili ze-laser zikhiywe kwisibonakaliso se-microwave sereferensi. Isiginali ye-Optical ehlanganisiwe ingadluliselwa ngemicu ye-Optical Twector kwenye indawo futhi iguqulwe ibe yisiginali ye-microwave. Umsindo wesigaba esiphumelekile wesiginali ye-microwave ucishe wafana naleso siginali yezethenjwa ngaphakathi kwe-bandwidth yesigaba esikhiyiwe esikhiyiwe esikhiyiwe sesigaba. Umsindo wesigaba ngaphandle kwe-bandwidth ulingana nomsindo wesigaba esihlobene nama-lasers amabili angahlobene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo wesiginali we-Microwave Microwave ungaguqulwa futhi eminye imithombo yesiginali ngokusebenzisa imvamisa ephindaphindwayo, imvamisa ye-divisor, noma okunye ukucubungula ifreyimu ye-microwave ephansi, ukuze kuguqulwe i-rust-frequency microwave.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiya okuvame ukukhiya kungathola okuphindaphindwa kaningi, izihibe ezikhiyiwe zesigaba zivumelana nezimo ngokwengeziwe, zingakhiqiza ama-frequency acishe abukelayo, futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Isibonelo, i-Optical Frequency COMBED eyenziwe yi-PhotoElectric Modator kuMfanekiso 2 isetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, bese ikhiqiza amasiginali aphezulu we-Optical Comb, bese ikhiqiza ama-frequencrencrencrencrencrenc ama-plls amabili ngokulandelana, kanye nesibonakaliso se-microwave ye N * Frep + F1 + F2 ingakhiqizwa imvamisa yomehluko phakathi kwama-lasers amabili.
Umdwebo 4
3. Sebenzisa imodi yokuvala i-pulse laser ukuguqula isiginali ye-optical pulse ibe yisibonakaliso se-microwave ngokusebenzisaI-PhotoDETETETETECETETET.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yale ndlela ukuthi isiginali enobuhle obuhle kakhulu bokuqina kanye nomsindo wesigaba esiphansi kakhulu ongatholakala. Ngokukhiya imvamisa ye-laser ku-athomic eguquguqukayo ne-molecular transsure spectrum, noma i-cavity eqinile kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuqothuka okuvame ukuguquguquka kwesistimu yemvamisa kohlelo, singathola isibonakaliso esibonakalayo sokuphindaphindeka, ukuze sithole isibonakaliso se-microwave ngomsindo we-ultra-ophansi. Umdwebo 5.
Umdwebo 5. Ukuqhathaniswa komsindo wesigaba esihlobene semithombo ehlukene yesiginali.
Kodwa-ke, ngoba izinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-Pulse lilingana kakhulu nobude be-laser ye-laser, kanti i-laser yendabuko ekhiyiwe yendabuko inkulu, kunzima ukuthola amasiginali we-microwave aphezulu aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi, isisindo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwama-lasers endabuko e-powsed, kanye nezidingo ezinokhahlo kwezemvelo, zikhawulele ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwelebhu. Ukunqoba lobu bunzima, ucwaningo selusanda kuqala e-United States naseJalimane lusebenzisa imiphumela engabonakali ye-optical ukukhiqiza ama-combical amancanyana amancane kakhulu, asebenze kakhulu ama-chirp mode ama-microwave amasiginali.
4. I-Opto Opconic Oscillator, Umdwebo 6.
Umdwebo 6. Umdwebo we-Schematic we-Oscillator ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe.
Enye yezindlela zendabuko zokwenza ama-microwaves noma ama-lasers ukusebenzisa i-loop evaliwe, inqobo nje uma inzuzo ku-loop evaliwe inkulu kunokulahleka, i-oscillation ethokozisayo ingakhiqiza ama-microwaves noma ama-lasers. I-Quip The Vactor Qeation Q ye-loop evaliwe, incane isigaba sesiginali esikhiqiziwe noma umsindo wemvamisa. Ukuze wandise isici sekhwalithi ye-loop, indlela eqondile ukwandisa ubude be-loop futhi unciphise ukulahleka kokusakazwa. Kodwa-ke, i-loop ende evame ukuxhasa isizukulwane sezindlela eziningi ze-oscillation, futhi uma kungezwa isihlungi se-mandwidth, i-microwave ye-microwave ye-microwave eyodwa ye-liccillation eyodwa. I-Oscillator ehlanganisiwe ye-PhotoElect iwumthombo wesiginali we-microwave osuselwa kulo mbono, isebenzisa ngokugcwele izici zokulahleka okuphansi kwe-fiber okungcono, kusetshenziswa i-fiber ephansi yokuthuthukisa inani le-loop q, kungakhiqiza isiginali ye-microwave ngomsindo wesigaba esiphansi kakhulu. Njengoba indlela ihlongozwa ngeminyaka yama-1990s, lolu hlobo lwe-Oscillator luthole ucwaningo olunzulu futhi intuthuko enkulu, futhi njengamanje kunama-oscillator ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisiwe. Muva nje, i-oscillators ye-PhotoElectric yakamuva engashintshwa ngaphezulu kwebanga lakhiwe. Inkinga enkulu yemithombo yesiginali ye-microwave esekelwe kulolu hlelo lokusebenza ukuthi i-loop yinde, nomsindo wokugeleza kwayo kwamahhala (i-FSR) kanye nemvamisa yaso ephindwe kabili kuzokhula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zezithombe ezisetshenziswayo ziningi, izindleko ziphezulu, ivolumu kunzima ukunciphisa, futhi i-fiber ende ezwela kakhulu ekuphazanyisweni kwemvelo.
Lokhu okungenhla kwethula izindlela eziningana ze-photoelectron Gwerasteron of Signals amasiginali we-microwave, kanye nezinzuzo zawo kanye nobunzima. Ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa kwama-photoelectrons ukukhiqiza i-microwave kunenye inzuzo ukuthi isiginali ye-optical ingasatshalaliswa nge-fiber ephansi kakhulu, kanye nekhono lokumelana nezimpawu ze-microwagnete zithuthukiswa kakhulu kunezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zendabuko.
Ukubhalwa kwalesi sihloko kusethenjwa ikakhulukazi, futhi kuhlangene nesipiliyoni salo mbhali nolwazi kulo mkhakha, kukhona okungalungile nokungaqondakali, sicela uqonde.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jan-03-2024