I-modulator yesigaba se-LiNbO3 isetshenziswa kabanzi ohlelweni lokuxhumana olunesivinini esiphezulu, i-laser sensing kanye nezinhlelo ze-ROF ngenxa yomphumela omuhle we-electro-optic. Uchungechunge lwe-R-PM olusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Ti-diffused kanye ne-APE, lunezici ezinzile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ekuhlolweni kwaselabhorethri nezinhlelo zezimboni.