Umqondo wokuhlanganisa optics wabekwa phambili nguDkt. Miller weBell Laboratories ngo-1969. I-Integrated optics iyisihloko esisha esicwaninga futhi sithuthukise amadivaysi okubona kanye namasistimu edivaysi kagesi eyingxubevange esebenzisa izindlela ezididiyelwe ngesisekelo se-optoelectronics kanye ne-microelectronics. Isisekelo setiyetha se-optics edidiyelwe i-optics ne-optoelectronics, ehlanganisa i-wave optics nolwazi optics, i-nonlinear optics, i-semiconductor optoelectronics, i-crystal optics, i-film optics emincane, i-wave optics eqondiswayo, imodi ehlanganisiwe kanye nethiyori yokusebenzisana kwe-parametric, ifilimu emincane yamadivaysi optical waveguide namasistimu. Isisekelo sobuchwepheshe ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe befilimu emincane kanye nobuchwepheshe be-microelectronics. Inkambu yesicelo se-optical optics ehlanganisiwe ibanzi kakhulu, ngaphezu kokuxhumana kwe-fiber optical, i-optical fibre sensing technology, i-optical information processing, i-optical computer kanye ne-optical storage, kuneminye imikhakha, njengocwaningo lwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, izinsimbi ezibonakalayo, ucwaningo lwe-spectral.
Okokuqala, izinzuzo ezihlanganisiwe ze-optical
1. Ukuqhathanisa nezinhlelo zedivayisi ebonakalayo ehlukene
Idivayisi yokubona ehlukile iwuhlobo lwedivayisi yokubona egxilwe endaweni enkulu noma isisekelo sokubona ukuze kwakhe isistimu yokubona. Usayizi wesistimu ukuhleleka kwe-1m2, futhi ubukhulu be-beam bungaba ngu-1cm. Ngaphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, ukuhlanganisa nokulungiswa nakho kunzima kakhulu. Isistimu yokubona ehlanganisiwe inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
1. Amaza okukhanya asakazeka kumagagasi okukhanya, futhi amaza okukhanya kulula ukuwalawula nokugcina amandla awo.
2. Ukuhlanganisa kuletha ukuma okuzinzile. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-optics edidiyelwe ilindele ukwenza amadivaysi amaningana ku-substrate efanayo, ngakho-ke azikho izinkinga zokuhlanganisa i-discrete optics enazo, ukuze inhlanganisela ikwazi ukuzinza, ukuze ivumelane nezimo zemvelo ezifana nokudlidliza nokushisa. .
(3) Usayizi wedivayisi nobude bokusebenzisana bufushaniswa; Ama-electronics ahlobene nawo asebenza ngama-voltage aphansi.
4. Amandla aphezulu aphezulu. Ukukhanya okudluliselwa eceleni kwe-waveguide kuvalelwe endaweni encane yasendaweni, okuholela ekukhuleni kwamandla aphezulu, okulula ukufinyelela imingcele yokusebenza kwedivayisi edingekayo nokusebenza ngemiphumela yokubona engaqondile.
5. Ama-optics ahlanganisiwe ngokuvamile ahlanganiswe ku-substrate yesikali sesentimitha, encane ngosayizi kanye nesisindo esincane.
2. Ukuqhathanisa namasekhethi ahlanganisiwe
Izinzuzo zokuhlanganiswa kwe-optical zingahlukaniswa zibe izici ezimbili, enye iwukuba esikhundleni sesistimu ye-electronic edidiyelwe (i-integrated circuit) ne-integrated optical system (i-integrated optical circuit); Enye ihlobene ne-optical fibre kanye ne-dielectric plane optical waveguide eqondisa igagasi lokukhanya esikhundleni sentambo noma intambo ye-coaxial ukudlulisa isignali.
Endleleni ehlanganisiwe ye-optical, izakhi ze-optical zakha ku-substrate eyi-wafer futhi zixhunywe ngamagagasi okukhanya akhiwe ngaphakathi noma ebusweni be-substrate. Indlela ehlanganisiwe ye-optical, ehlanganisa izakhi ze-optical ku-substrate efanayo ngendlela yefilimu encane, iyindlela ebalulekile yokuxazulula i-miniaturization yesistimu yasekuqaleni ye-optical futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza okuphelele. Idivayisi ehlanganisiwe inezinzuzo zesayizi encane, ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi nokusetshenziswa kalula.
Ngokuvamile, izinzuzo zokushintsha ama-circuits ahlanganisiwe nama-circuits optical ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa ukukhuphuka komkhawulokudonsa, i-wavelength division multiplexing, ukushintsha kwe-multiplex, ukulahlekelwa okuncane kokuhlanganisa, usayizi omncane, isisindo esilula, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, umnotho omuhle wokulungiselela i-batch, nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Ngenxa yokusebenzisana okuhlukahlukene phakathi kokukhanya nodaba, imisebenzi yedivayisi entsha ingabonakala ngokusebenzisa imiphumela ehlukahlukene yomzimba efana nomphumela wesithombe, umphumela we-electro-optical, umphumela we-acousto-optical, umphumela we-magneto-optical, umphumela we-thermo-optical nokunye ukwakheka kwendlela ehlanganisiwe ye-optical.
2. Ucwaningo nokusebenzisa ama-optics ahlanganisiwe
I-Optics ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezimboni, ezempi kanye nezomnotho, kepha isetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuxhumana kanye namanethiwekhi optical
Amadivaysi ahlanganisiwe okubona ayizinsimbi eziyisihluthulelo zokubona isivinini esikhulu kanye namanethiwekhi amakhulu okuxhumana okusebenza, okuhlanganisa umthombo we-laser odidiyelwe wokuphendula ngesivinini esiphezulu, i-waveguide grating array dense wavelength division multiplexer, isithwebuli sesithombe esihlanganisiwe se-narrowband impendulo, isiguquli se-wavelength esishintshashintshayo, i-matrix yokushintsha ye-wave esheshayo yokusabela, ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kokufinyelela okuningi kwe-waveguide beam splitter nokunye.
2. Ikhompyutha yezithombe
I-computer ebizwa ngokuthi i-photon iyikhompyutha esebenzisa ukukhanya njengendlela yokudlulisa ulwazi. Amaphothoni angama-boson, angenawo amandla kagesi, futhi imishayo yokukhanya ingadlula ngokuhambisana noma iwele ngaphandle kokuthintana, enekhono elingaphakathi lokucubungula okufanayo. Ikhompyutha enezithombe futhi inezinzuzo zomthamo omkhulu wokugcina ulwazi, ikhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, izidingo eziphansi zezimo zemvelo, nokubekezelela amaphutha okuqinile. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo zokusebenza zamakhompiyutha e-photonic ama-switch optical ahlanganisiwe kanye nezingxenye ze-optical logic ehlanganisiwe.
3. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, njengephrosesa yolwazi olubonakalayo, inzwa ye-fiber optic, inzwa ye-fiber grating, i-fiber optic gyroscope, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-28-2023