KuyiniIsitholi sezithombe
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe besimanje, ama-photodetector, njengedivayisi ebalulekile yokuzwa, kancane kancane angene emehlweni abantu. Ikakhulukazi i-Si photodetector (isitholi sesithombe se-silicon), ngokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kanye namathuba amaningi okusebenzisa, zitholwe ukunakwa okukhulu. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza incazelo ejulile kodwa elula ukuyiqonda yezimiso eziyisisekelo, izici zesakhiwo, amasimu okusebenzisa, kanye nezitayela zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yama-silicon photodetectors kuwo wonke umuntu.
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sama-photodetector e-Si sisekelwe kumphumela we-photoelectric. Lapho ama-photon eshaya izinto ze-semiconductor, kukhiqizwa ama-electron-hole pairs, wona adala ugesi kagesi. Izinto ze-silicon zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokumunca ukukhanya, ikakhulukazi kuma-band abonakalayo naseduze kwe-infrared, ngakho-ke zifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa njengezinto eziyisisekelo zama-photodetector. Isimiso sokusebenza sama-photodetector e-Si singafingqwa kalula ngezinyathelo eziningana: incidence ye-photon, i-photon absorption, i-carrier generation kanye ne-current output.
Ngokuphathelene nesakhiwo sama-silicon photodetector, avame ukuhlukaniswa abe izingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko: ungqimba oluthola ukukhanya, ungqimba oluthola ukukhanya kanye nongqimba lwe-electrode. Ungqimba oluthola ukukhanya lunesibopho sokumunca ukukhanya kwesigameko kanye nokukhiqiza abathwali, kuyilapho ungqimba oluthola ukukhanya lusetshenziselwa ukwandisa inani labathwali, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuzwela komtshina. Ungqimba lwe-electrode lunesibopho sokuqoqa abathwali kanye nokwakha izimpawu zamanje. Isakhiwo esiklanywe kahle singathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza komtshina, njengokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kanye nokunciphisa umsindo.
Izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwe-silicon photodetector zibanzi kakhulu, zimboza izici eziningi njengokuxhumana, ukuthwebula izithombe, kanye nokuqapha indawo ezungezile. Ekuxhumaneni kwe-optical, ama-detector asekelwe ku-silicon asetshenziselwa ukwamukela amasignali optical futhi awaguqule abe amasignali kagesi ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kolwazi okusheshayo. Emkhakheni we-imaging, i-Si photodetector ivame ukusetshenziswa kumakhamera edijithali nakuma-webcam ukusiza ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezicacile. I-Si photodetector ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuqapheni indawo ezungezile, inqume izimo zemvelo ngokuqapha izinguquko ekukhanyeni, njengokuthola ukuba khona kokungcola.
Esikhathini esizayo, izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwe-silicon photodetector zizobonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwezitholi, njengokusetshenziswa kwama-alloy amasha noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ukwandisa amandla okumunca ukukhanya nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum. Ukwenziwa ngcono komklamo wesakhiwo nakho kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile. Ngobuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kwezinto ezincane, i-miniaturization kanye nokuhlanganiswa kungafinyelelwa ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela kanye nesivinini sokuphendula kwe-umshini wokuthola izithombeNgokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokucubungula isignali, isilinganiso sesignali kuya komsindo sesitholi singathuthukiswa kakhulu, kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwaso ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uma i-photodetector, njengedivayisi ebalulekile yesensa, ishintsha kancane kancane izimpilo zethu ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye namathemba okusetshenziswa okubanzi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ama-photodetector asekelwe ku-silicon azodlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi, alethe amathuba amaningi ekusasa lethu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-01-2025