Yini aI-Photodetector
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe besimanje, ama-photodetectors, njengedivaysi ebalulekile yezinzwa, kancane kancane afika ekubukeni kwabantu. Ikakhulukazi iSi photodetector (i-silicon photodetector), ngokusebenza kwabo okuphakeme kanye namathemba okusebenza abanzi, bathole ukunakwa okubanzi. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngencazelo ejulile kodwa eqondakala kalula yezimiso eziyisisekelo, izici zesakhiwo, izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza, namathrendi entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ye-silicon photodetectors yawo wonke umuntu.
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sama-Si photodetectors sisekelwe kumphumela we-photoelectric. Lapho ama-photon eshaya izinto ze-semiconductor, amapheya e-electron-hole ayakhiqizwa, nawo enze umsinga kagesi. Izinto ze-Silicon zinezici ezinhle kakhulu zokumunca ukukhanya, ikakhulukazi kumabhendi abonakalayo naseduze kwe-infrared, futhi ngaleyo ndlela zifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa njengesisekelo sezinto zokuthwebula izithombe. Umgomo wokusebenza wama-Si photodetectors ungamane ufinyezwe ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa: izehlakalo ze-photon, ukumuncwa kwe-photon, isizukulwane senkampani yenethiwekhi kanye nokuphumayo kwamanje.
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo se-silicon photodetectors, ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyinhloko: isendlalelo sokwamukela ukukhanya, isendlalelo sokuzuza kanye nesendlalelo se-electrode. Isendlalelo sokwamukela ukukhanya sinesibopho sokumunca ukukhanya kwesigameko futhi sikhiqize abathwali, kuyilapho isendlalelo sokuzuza sisetshenziselwa ukwandisa inani labathwali, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukuzwela komtshina. Isendlalelo se-electrode sinesibopho sokuqoqa abathwali nokwenza amasignali amanje. Isakhiwo esiklanywe kahle singathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza komtshina, njengokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kanye nokunciphisa umsindo.
Izinkambu zokufaka isicelo ze-silicon photodetector zibanzi kakhulu, zihlanganisa izici eziningi ezifana nokuxhumana, ukuthwebula izithombe, nokuqapha imvelo. Ekuxhumaneni kwe-optical, ama-detectors asekelwe ku-silicon asetshenziselwa ukuthola amasignali optical futhi awaguqule abe amasignali kagesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kolwazi ngokushesha. Emkhakheni wokuthwebula izithombe, i-Si photodetector ivamise ukusetshenziswa kumakhamera edijithali namakhamera ewebhu ukusiza ukuthwebula izithombe ezicacile. I-Si photodetector ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo, ukunquma izimo zemvelo ngokuqapha izinguquko ekukhanyeni, njengokubona ukuba khona kwezinto ezingcolisayo.
Ngokuzayo, izitayela zokuthuthuka ze-silicon photodetector zizobonakala ikakhulukazi kulezi zici ezilandelayo. Ukuqanjwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwezithonjana, njengokusetshenziswa kwama-alloys amasha noma izinto eziyinhlanganisela ukukhulisa umthamo wokumunca ukukhanya nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum. Ukwenziwa kahle komklamo wesakhiwo nakho kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile. Ngobuchwepheshe be-microfabrication, ukwenza i-miniaturization kanye nokuhlanganiswa kungafinyelelwa ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela kanye nesivinini sokuphendulai-photodetector. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula isignali ethuthukisiwe, isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-nomsindo womtshina singathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo, siqinisekise ukuzinza kwaso ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-Si photodetector, njengedivayisi yenzwa ebalulekile, kancane kancane ishintsha izimpilo zethu ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye namathemba ohlelo olubanzi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ama-photodetectors asekelwe ku-silicon azodlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi, okuletha amathuba amaningi ekusasa lethu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-01-2025