Ama-Optocouplers, axhumeka amasekethe asebenzisa amasiginali we-optical njenge-medium, ayinto esebenzayo ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengama-acoustics, umuthi, ngenxa yokuqina okusebenzayo kanye nokuqina.
Kepha i-optocoupler isebenza nini futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo, futhi uyini umgomo ngemuva kwawo? Noma lapho usebenzisa i-Photocoupler emsebenzini wakho we-elekthronikhi, ungahle ungazi ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani futhi uyisebenzise kanjani. Ngoba i-OptoCoupler ivame ukudideka nge- "PhotoTransistor" ne "Photodiode". Ngakho-ke, yini i-Photocoupler izokwethulwa kule ndatshana.
Yini i-PhotoCoupler?
I-OptoCoupler iyisici se-elektroniki i-etymology yakhe ebonakalayo
coupler, okusho ukuthi "ukuhlangana nokukhanya." Kwesinye isikhathi owaziwa nangokuthi i-OptoCoupler, i-ilsofator ye-Optical, ukufakwa kwe-Optical, njll. Kuqukethe into efihliwe ekutholeni into ethile, futhi ixhumanisa isekethe yesekethe esodleni kanye nokukhipha eceleni kwesiginali. Akukho ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwalemibuthano, ngamanye amagama, esimweni sokufakelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumana kwesekethe phakathi kokufakwayo nokukhipha kuhlukanisiwe futhi kudluliselwa kuphela isiginali. Xhuma ngokuphephile amasekethe anokufakwa okuhlukile okuhlukahlukene nokukhipha amazinga, ngokufakwa kwamandla kagesi okuphezulu phakathi kokufaka nokukhipha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokudlulisela noma ukuvimba lesi siginali yokukhanya, isebenza njengokushintsha. Umgomo kanye nemishini enemininingwane izochazwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha isici sokukhipha esikhanyisiwe se-PhotoCoupler yi-LED (i-Diode ekhipha i-Diode).
Kusukela ngawo-1960 kuya ku-1970s, lapho kwasungulwa ama-LED kanye nentuthuko yabo yezobuchwepheshe bekubalulekile,I-OptoElectronicswaba yi-boom. Ngaleso sikhathi, ahlukahlukeneAmadivayisi we-Opticalzasungulwa, kanti i-coupler ye-PhotoElectric yayingenye yazo. Kamuva, ama-Opoleelectronics angena ngokushesha ezimpilweni zethu.
① Umgomo / Mechanism
Umgomo we-OptoCoupler ukuthi into ephuma ukukhanya iguqula isiginali kagesi yokufaka ibe ukukhanya, futhi into etholayo ekhanyayo idlulisa isibani sokukhanya esibuyiseleni esiseduze komjikelezo. Into ekhanyayo ekhanyayo kanye nento yokuthola ukukhanya ingaphakathi kwebhulokhi yokukhanya kwangaphandle, kanti bobabili baphaphamele omunye nomunye ukuze badlulise ukukhanya.
I-semiconductor esetshenziswe ezintweni ezikhanyiselwe ukukhanya yi-LED (i-diode ekhipha ukukhanya). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-semiconductors asetshenziswa kumadivayisi athola ukukhanya, ngokuya ngemvelo yokusebenzisa, usayizi wangaphandle, intengo, njll.
Lapho ungasebenzi, ama-PhotoTransistors athwala okuncane okukhona njengamanje ama-semiconductors ajwayelekile akwenzayo. Lapho isigameko sokukhanya lapho, i-PhotoTransistor ikhiqiza amandla we-photolectromotive ebusweni be-semiconductor ye-p-tex kanye ne-n-semiconductor ageleza esifundeni se-P, i-semiconductor yamahhala ye-semiconductor esifundeni se-P igeleza esifundazweni, kanti i-flow yamanje igeleza.
I-PhotoTransistors ayiphenduli njenge-PhotoDotiones, kepha futhi banomphumela wokukhulisa umphumela emakhulwini abe yizikhathi eziyi-1 000 isiginali yokufaka (ngenxa yensimu yangaphakathi kagesi). Ngakho-ke, bazwela ngokwanele ukuba bathathe amasiginali abuthaka, okuyinzuzo.
Eqinisweni, "i-light blocker" esibonayo iyithuluzi le-elekthronikhi elinomgomo ofanayo kanye nendlela.
Kodwa-ke, iziphazamiso ezikhanyayo zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinzwa futhi zenze indima yazo ngokudlula into evimbela ukukhanya phakathi kwento ekhipha ukukhanya kanye nento etholakalayo yokukhanya. Isibonelo, ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola izinhlamvu zemali kanye nama-banknotes emishini yokuthengisa nama-ATM.
Izici ②
Njengoba i-OptoCoupler idlulisela amasiginali ngokukhanya, ukufakwa phakathi kohlangothi lokufaka kanye nohlangothi lokukhipha luyisici esikhulu. Ukufakelwa okuphezulu akukuthinteki kalula ngumsindo, kepha futhi kuvimbela ukugeleza okukhona kwamanje phakathi kwamasekethe aseduze, okuphumelela kakhulu ngokuya ngokuphepha. Futhi isakhiwo uqobo silula futhi sinengqondo.
Ngenxa yomlando wayo omude, umugqa ocebile womkhiqizo wabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene ubuye ube yinzuzo ehlukile ye-OptocoPerers. Ngoba akukho oxhumana naye ngokomzimba, ukugqoka phakathi kwezingxenye kuncane, futhi impilo yinde. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona nezimpawu zokusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kulula ukuguquguquka, ngoba i-LED izoncipha kancane ngokudlula kwesikhathi nokushisa okushisa.
Ikakhulu lapho ingxenye yangaphakathi yepulasitiki esobala isikhathi eside, yiba namafu, akunakuba lula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi, impilo yinde kakhulu uma uyiqhathanisa nokuxhumana kokuxhumana koxhumana naye omakheni.
I-PhotoTransistors ngokuvamile ihamba kancane kune-PhotoDotiones, ngakho-ke ayisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusona esingesibi, njengoba ezinye izakhi zinemijikelezo yokukhulisa ohlangothini lokuphuma ukuze kwandise isivinini. Eqinisweni, akuyona yonke imibuthano kagesi edinga ukwandisa ijubane.
③ Ukusetshenziswa
Izithandazi zePhotoelectriczisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukushintsha ukusebenza. Umjikelezo uzonikezwa amandla ngokuvula i-switch, kepha kusukela lapho kubukwa izici ezingenhla, ikakhulukazi ukufakwa kanye nokuphila okude, kulungele kahle izimo ezidinga ukuthembeka okuphezulu. Isibonelo, umsindo uyisitha sezokwelapha zezokwelapha kanye nemishini yokufunda / yokuxhumana.
Iphinde isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokushayela izimoto. Isizathu semoto ukuthi ijubane lilawulwa yi-inverter lapho iqhutshwa, kepha kwakha umsindo ngenxa yokuphuma okuphezulu. Lo msindo ngeke nje udale i-motor uqobo ukuze yehluleke, kepha futhi igeleze "emhlabathini" othinta izinto ezona. Ikakhulu, imishini enezintambo ezinde i-wiring kulula ukuyithatha lo msindo wokukhipha okuphezulu, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka efektri, kuzodala ukulahleka okukhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi kubangela izingozi ezinkulu. Ngokusebenzisa ama-opocoupler afakwe kakhulu ekushintsheni, umthelela kwamanye amasekethe namadivayisi angancishiswa.
Okwesibili, ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani futhi usebenzise ama-Optocouplers
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-OptoCoupler efanelekile yokufaka isicelo kumklamo womkhiqizo? Onjiniyela be-Microcontroller Developmenter bazokuchaza ukuthi bangakhetha futhi basebenzise kanjani ama-Optocouplers.
① vula njalo futhi uvale njalo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-Photocouplers: uhlobo lapho inkinobho icishiwe khona (off) uma kungekho voltage esetshenzisiwe, hlobo lukhishwe khona lapho ushintshwa khona, futhi uhlobo lapho ushintsho luvulwa khona lapho kungekho volula. Faka isicelo bese ucima lapho kufakwa i-voltage.
Okwedlule kubizwa ngokuthi kuvuleke ngokujwayelekile, futhi okugcina kubizwa ngokuthi kuvaliwe ngokujwayelekile. Ungayikhetha kanjani, okokuqala kuncike ekutheni uluhlobo luni lomjikelezo oludingayo.
② Bheka umphumela wamandla wamanje futhi osetshenzisiwe
Ama-Photocouplers anempahla yokukhulisa isinali, kepha ungahlali udlula kumandla kagesi nawamanje e-Will. Vele, kulinganiselwa, kepha ivolushi lidinga ukufakwa ohlangothini lokufaka ngokuya ngokuphuma okufunwayo okukhona.
Uma sibheka ishidi ledatha yomkhiqizo, singabona ishadi lapho i-axis vertical ingukuphuma kwamanje (umqoqi wamanje) kanye ne-axis evundlile yi-voltage yokufaka (i-collector-emitter Voltage). Umqoqi wamanje uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-LED, ngakho-ke sebenzisa i-voltage ngokusho kokukhipha okufunwayo okukhona.
Kodwa-ke, ungacabanga ukuthi imiphumela yamanje ebaliwe lapha incane ngokumangazayo. Leli yinani lamanje elisengakwazi ukuphuma ngokuthembekile ngemuva kokubheka ukuwohloka kwe-LED ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke kungaphansi kwesilinganiso esiphezulu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, kukhona amacala lapho okuphuma khona okwamanje akukukhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha i-OptoCoupler, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ngokucophelela "okuphumayo okwamanje" bese ukhetha umkhiqizo ohambelana nayo.
③ Inani eliphakeme lamanje
I-supling conduction yamanje inani eliphakeme lamanje le-optocoupler elingamelana nalo lapho liqhuba. Futhi, kudingeka siqiniseke ukuthi siyazi ukuthi kungakanani ukukhipha iphrojekthi nokuthi yini i-voltage yokufaka ngaphambi kokuba sithenge. Qiniseka ukuthi inani eliphakeme futhi okusetshenzisiwe kwamanje akuwona umkhawulo, kepha ukuthi kukhona imajini.
④ Setha i-PhotoCoupler kahle
Njengoba ukhethe i-Optocopler efanelekile, ake sikusebenzise kuphrojekthi yangempela. Ukufakwa ngokwaso kulula, vele uxhume nje ama-terminals axhumeke kwisifunda ngasinye sokufaka sokufaka eceleni kanye nokukhipha umjikelezo. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukungayeki uhlangothi uhlangothi lokufaka kanye nohlangothi lokukhipha. Ngakho-ke, kufanele futhi uhlole izimpawu etafuleni ledatha, ukuze ungatholi ukuthi unyawo lwe-coupler coupler lungalungile ngemuva kokudweba ibhodi le-PCB.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-29-2023