Yini ai-laser yobubanzi obuncane bomugqa?
I-laser yobubanzi bomugqa obuncane, Igama elithi "ububanzi bomugqa" libhekisela kububanzi bomugqa we-spectral welaserkusizinda samafrikhwensi, okuvamise ukubalwa ngokobubanzi obugcwele be-spectrum (FWHM). Ububanzi bomugqa buthintwa ikakhulukazi imisebe ezenzakalelayo yama-athomu noma ama-ion ajabulile, umsindo wesigaba, ukudlidliza komshini kwe-resonator, i-jitter yezinga lokushisa nezinye izici zangaphandle. I-value encane yobubanzi bomugqa, iphakamisa ukuhlanzeka kwe-spectrum, okungukuthi, okungcono i-monochromaticity ye-laser. Amalaza anezici ezinjalo ngokuvamile anesigaba esincane kakhulu noma umsindo wemvamisa kanye nomsindo omncane wokuqina ohlobene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lobubanzi bomugqa belaser liba lincane, kuqina ukuhambisana okuhambisanayo, okubonakala njengobude obude kakhulu bokuhambisana.
Ukugcwaliseka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-laser yobubanzi obuncane bomugqa
Kukhawulwe ububanzi bokuzuza okungokwemvelo bento esebenzayo ye-laser, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona ngokuqondile ukuphuma kwe-laser yobubanzi obuncane bomugqa ngokuthembela ku-oscillator yendabuko ngokwayo. Ukuze ubone ukusebenza kwe-laser yobubanzi obuncane bomugqa, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izihlungi, i-grating namanye amadivaysi ukukhawulela noma ukukhetha i-longitudinal modulus ku-spectrum yokuzuza, ukhulise umehluko wokuzuza inetha phakathi kwezindlela ze-longitudinal, ukuze kube khona okumbalwa noma okukodwa kwemodi ye-longitudinal oscillation ku-laser resonator. Kule nqubo, kuvame ukudingekile ukulawula ithonya lomsindo ekuphumeni kwe-laser, futhi unciphise ukunwetshwa kwemigqa ye-spectral ebangelwa ukudlidliza noshintsho lokushisa kwemvelo yangaphandle; Ngasikhathi sinye, ingabuye ihlanganiswe nokuhlaziywa kwesigaba noma ukuminyana kwe-spectral yomsindo ukuze kuqondwe umthombo womsindo nokwandisa ukwakheka kwelaser, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphuma okuzinzile kwelaser yobubanzi obuncane bomugqa.
Ake sibheke ukugcwaliseka kokusebenza kobubanzi bomugqa obuncane bezigaba eziningana ezahlukene zama-lasers.
Ama-laser we-semiconductor anezinzuzo zosayizi ohlangene, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, impilo ende kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho.
I-Fabry-Perot (FP) i-optical resonator esetshenziswa ngokwesikoi-semiconductor lasersngokuvamile i-oscillates kumodi ye-multi-longitudinal, futhi ububanzi bomugqa ophumayo bubanzi ngokuqhathaniswa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwandisa impendulo yokubona ukuze uthole okukhiphayo kobubanzi bomugqa omncane.
Impendulo esabalalisiwe (i-DFB Laser) kanye ne-Distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) amalaser amabili ajwayelekile angaphakathi we-optical semiconductor laser. Ngenxa ye-grating encane kanye nokukhetha okuhle kwe-wavelength, kulula ukuzuza okukhiphayo okuzinzile kwefrequency eyodwa emincane yobubanzi bomugqa. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili indawo yokugezela: Isakhiwo se-DFB Laser ngokuvamile sisabalalisa ukwakheka kwezikhathi ezithile kwe-Bragg grating kuyo yonke i-resonator, futhi i-resonator ye-DBR ivamise ukwakhiwa ngesakhiwo sokubonisa kanye nesifunda sokuzuza sihlanganiswe endaweni yokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-laser e-DFB asebenzisa ama-grating ashumekiwe anomehluko ophansi we-refractive index kanye nokubonakala okuphansi. Ama-laser e-DBR asebenzisa ama-grating angaphezulu anomehluko ophezulu wenkomba ye-refractive kanye nokubonakala okuphezulu. Zombili lezi zakhiwo zinebanga elikhulu lamahhala le-spectral futhi zingenza ukushuna kwe-wavelength ngaphandle kwemodi yeqe ebangeni lama-nanometer ambalwa, lapho i-DBR laser inobubanzi bokushuna obubanzi kunoI-DFB laser. Ukwengeza, ubuchwepheshe bempendulo ye-cavity optical yangaphandle, obusebenzisa izakhi zangaphandle zokubona ukuze kuphendule ukukhanya okuphumayo kwe-semiconductor laser chip nokukhetha ukuvama, futhi kungaqaphela ukusebenza komugqa obanzi we-laser semiconductor.
(2) Fiber lasers
Ama-fiber lasers anezinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kwephampu, ikhwalithi enhle yogongolo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuxhumanisa okuphezulu, okuyizihloko zocwaningo ezishisayo emkhakheni we-laser. Ngomongo weminyaka yolwazi, ama-fiber lasers anokuhambisana okuhle nezinhlelo zamanje zokuxhumana zefiber optical emakethe. I-fiber laser ye-single-frequency enezinzuzo zobubanzi bomugqa omncane, umsindo ophansi nokuhambisana okuhle isibe enye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokuthuthuka kwayo.
Ukusebenza kwemodi ye-longitudinal eyodwa kuwumgogodla we-fiber laser ukuze kuzuzwe okukhiphayo kobubanzi bomugqa omncane, ngokuvamile ngokuya ngesakhiwo se-resonator ye-fiber frequency laser eyodwa ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-DFB, uhlobo lwe-DBR nohlobo lwendandatho. Phakathi kwazo, isimiso sokusebenza se-DFB Laser kanye ne-DBR single-frequency fibre lasers siyefana naleyo ye-DFB kanye ne-DBR semiconductor lasers.
Ngo-1960, i-laser ye-ruby yokuqala emhlabeni kwakuyi-laser yesimo esiqinile, ebonakala ngamandla aphumayo aphezulu kanye nokufakwa kwe-wavelength ebanzi. Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sendawo ye-solid-state laser siyenza ivumelane nezimo ekwakhiweni kokukhiphayo kobubanzi obuncane bomugqa. Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo zifaka indlela yesikhala esifushane, indlela yomgodi wendandatho yendlela eyodwa, indlela evamile ye-intracavity, indlela ye-torsion pendulum mode cavity, indlela ye-volume Bragg grating kanye nendlela yokujova imbewu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-03-2025