Kuyinii-laser yobubanzi bomugqa omncane?
I-laser enobubanzi bomugqa omfushane, Igama elithi “ububanzi bomugqa” libhekisela ebubanzini bomugqa we-spectral we-i-laserkusizinda semvamisa, esivame ukulinganiswa ngokwesilinganiso sobubanzi obugcwele be-spectrum (FWHM). Ububanzi bomugqa buthintwa kakhulu yimisebe ezenzakalelayo yama-athomu noma ama-ion avuselelwe, umsindo wesigaba, ukudlidliza komshini we-resonator, i-temperature jitter nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Uma inani lobubanzi bomugqa lincane, kulapho ubumsulwa be-spectrum buphakama khona, okungukuthi, i-monochromaticity ye-laser iba ngcono. Ama-Laser anezici ezinjalo ngokuvamile anomsindo omncane kakhulu wesigaba noma wemvamisa kanye nomsindo omncane kakhulu wokuqina okuhlobene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma inani lobubanzi obuqondile be-laser lincane, kulapho ukuhambisana okuhambisanayo kuqina khona, okubonakaliswa njengobude bokuhambisana obude kakhulu.
Ukuqashelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-laser encane yobubanzi bomugqa
Njengoba inqunyelwe ububanzi bokuthola okungokwemvelo kwento esebenzayo ye-laser, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona ngqo umphumela we-laser encane yobubanzi ngokuthembela ku-oscillator yendabuko uqobo. Ukuze kuqashelwe ukusebenza kwe-laser encane yobubanzi, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izihlungi, i-grating kanye namanye amadivayisi ukukhawulela noma ukukhetha i-modulus ende ku-gain spectrum, ukwandisa umehluko wenzuzo eningi phakathi kwezindlela ze-longitudinal, ukuze kube nokugoba okuncane noma okukodwa kuphela kwemodi ye-longitudinal ku-resonator ye-laser. Kule nqubo, kuvame ukudingeka ukulawula ithonya lomsindo ekuphumeni kwe-laser, nokunciphisa ukusabalala kwemigqa ye-spectral okubangelwa ukudlidliza nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo yangaphandle; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingahlanganiswa nokuhlaziywa kobuningi be-spectral yomsindo wesigaba noma imvamisa ukuqonda umthombo womsindo nokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-laser, ukuze kufezwe umphumela ozinzile we-laser encane yobubanzi.
Ake sibheke ukuqashelwa kokusebenza kobubanzi obuncane bemigqa yezigaba eziningana ezahlukene zama-laser.
Ama-laser e-semiconductor anezinzuzo zobukhulu obuncane, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, impilo ende kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho.
I-resonator ye-Fabry-Perot (FP) esetshenziswa kwendabukoama-laser e-semiconductorngokuvamile iyashintshashintsha kumodi ye-multi-longitudinal, futhi ububanzi bomugqa wokukhipha bubanzi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwandisa impendulo ye-optical ukuze uthole umphumela wobubanzi bomugqa omncane.
Impendulo Esabalalisiwe (i-DFB Laser) kanye ne-Distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) ziyi-laser ezimbili ezijwayelekile ze-internal optical feedback semiconductor lasers. Ngenxa ye-grating pitch encane kanye nokukhetha okuhle kwe-wavelength, kulula ukufeza umphumela ozinzile we-single-frequency narrow linewidth. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezakhiwo ezimbili yindawo ye-grating: isakhiwo se-DFB Laser sivame ukusabalalisa isakhiwo se-periodic se-Bragg grating kuyo yonke i-resonator, futhi i-resonator ye-DBR ivame ukwakhiwa yisakhiwo se-reflection grating kanye nesifunda se-gain esihlanganiswe endaweni yokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-laser e-DFB asebenzisa ama-embedded gratings anomehluko we-refractive index ophansi kanye nomehluko we-reflectivity ophansi. Ama-laser e-DBR asebenzisa ama-surface gratings anomehluko we-refractive index ophakeme kanye nomehluko we-reflectivity ophakeme. Zombili izakhiwo zinebanga elikhulu le-free spectral futhi zingenza ukulungiswa kwe-wavelength ngaphandle kokushintsha kwemodi ebangeni lama-nanometer ambalwa, lapho i-DBR laser inobubanzi bokuhlela obubanzi kune-I-laser ye-DFBNgaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bempendulo yokukhanya yesikhala sangaphandle, obusebenzisa izakhi zokukhanya zangaphandle ukuphendula ukukhanya okuphumayo kwe-chip ye-laser ye-semiconductor nokukhetha imvamisa, bungaphinde bufeze ukusebenza kobubanzi obuncane be-laser ye-semiconductor.
(2) Ama-laser e-fiber
Ama-laser e-fiber anokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwephampu ephezulu, ikhwalithi enhle ye-beam kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuxhuma okuphezulu, okuyizihloko zocwaningo ezishisayo emkhakheni we-laser. Ngokomongo wenkathi yolwazi, ama-laser e-fiber anokuhambisana okuhle nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ze-optical fiber zamanje emakethe. I-laser ye-fiber enemvamisa eyodwa enezinzuzo zobubanzi bomugqa omncane, umsindo ophansi kanye nokuhambisana okuhle isibe ngenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zentuthuko yayo.
Ukusebenza kwemodi eyodwa ye-longitudinal kuyisisekelo se-fiber laser ukuze kufezwe umkhiqizo omncane wobubanzi bomugqa, ngokuvamile ngokwesakhiwo se-resonator, i-single frequency fiber laser ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-DFB, uhlobo lwe-DBR kanye nohlobo lwendandatho. Phakathi kwazo, isimiso sokusebenza se-DFB Laser kanye ne-DBR single-frequency fiber lasers sifana nese-DFB kanye ne-DBR semiconductor lasers.
Ngo-1960, i-laser yokuqala ye-ruby emhlabeni kwakuyi-laser yesimo esiqinile, ebonakala ngamandla aphezulu okukhipha kanye nokumbozwa okubanzi kwe-wavelength. Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sendawo ye-laser yesimo esiqinile senza kube lula kakhulu ekwakhiweni kokukhipha kobubanzi bomugqa omncane. Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka phakathi indlela yesikhala esifushane, indlela yesikhala sendandatho eyodwa, indlela ejwayelekile ye-intracavity, indlela yesikhala semodi ye-torsion pendulum, indlela ye-volume Bragg grating kanye nendlela yokujova imbewu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-03-2025