I-TW Class Atosecond X-ray Pulsese Laser

I-TW Class Atosecond X-ray Pulsese Laser
I-Atosecond X-rayI-Pulse laserNgamandla aphezulu kanye nesikhathi esifushane se-pulse kuyisihluthulelo sokufeza i-ultrafast depyroscopy kanye ne-x-ray diffraction imaging. Iqembu lokucwaninga e-United States lasebenzisa i-cascade yezigaba ezimbiliI-X-ray yamahhala ye-elektroni lase-elektroniukukhipha ama-pulsecond ama-atosecond. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemibiko ekhona, amandla aphansi aphezulu ama-pulses andisiwe nge-oda lobukhulu, amandla aphezulu aphezulu angu-1.1 aw.1 amandla angaphezu kwe-100 μJ. Lolu cwaningo luphinde futhi lunikeze ubufakazi obuqinile bokuziphatha okuhle kwe-soliton-njengokuziphatha okuhle ku-X-ray field.Ama-lasers aphezulu anamandlaUqhube izindawo eziningi ezintsha zocwaningo, kufaka phakathi i-physics ye-high-field, i-atosecond spectroscopy, kanye ne-laser party ashevu. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-lasers, ama-X-ray asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha, ukutholwa kwephutha kwezimboni, ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha nocwaningo lwesayensi. I-x-ray free-elektroni laser (xfel) ingakhuphula amandla aphezulu we-x-ray ngama-oda amaningana ngobuningiqili uma kuqhathaniswa nobunye be-x-ray, ngendlela ehlukahlukene ye-spectroscopy kanye ne-application eyodwa ebonakalayo ebonakalayo lapho kutholakala khona amandla aphezulu. I-atosecond Xfel yakamuva ye-atosecond impumelelo enkulu kwisayensi ye-atosecond kanye nezobuchwepheshe, yandisa amandla aphezulu atholakalayo ngama-oda angaphezu kwezithupha ngokuqhathaniswa nemithombo ye-benchtop x-ray.

Ama-Leasers e-Electron wamahhalaUngathola ama-oda amaningi ama-oda amaningi wobukhulu obuphakeme kunezinga lokuphuma ngokuzenzakalela usebenzisa ukungazinzi okuqhubekayo, okubangelwa ukuxhumeka okuqhubekayo kwensimu ye-radiation emshadweni we-caratiation e-elektroni kanye ne-oscillator kazibuthe. Ehlangeni elinzima le-X-ray (cishe ngo-0.01 nm kuya ku-0,1 nm wavengeth), i-FEL itholakala nge-pumps compression kanye namasu wokufaka okuthe xaxa. Kububanzi be-X-ray obuthambile (cishe ngo-0,1 nm kuya ku-10 NM Wavevelength), i-FEL isetshenziswa yi-Cascade entsha-scer-scer-scerch technology. Muva nje, i-atosecond icindezela ngamandla aphezulu we-100 GW kubikwe ukuthi kukhiqizwe kusetshenziswa indlela ethuthukisiwe yokuzenzela ezenzakalelayo yokuphuma (eSase).

Iqembu lokucwaninga lasebenzisa uhlelo lwe-amplification esiteji ezimbili ngokususelwa ku-Xfel ukuthuthukisa ukuphuma okuthambile kwe-X-ray atosecond Pulse kusuka kubumbango lwe-linacUmthombo OkhanyayoKumazinga okufika, umyalo wokuthuthuka kobukhulu ngaphezu kwemiphumela ebikiwe. Ukusetha kokuhlola kuboniswa kuMdwebo 1. Kususelwa kwindlela ye-ESASE, i-PhotoCathode Emitter ilungiselelwe ukuthola ugongolo lwe-elektroni nge-spike yamanje, futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-atosecond x-ray pulses. I-pulse yokuqala itholakala emaphethelweni angaphambili wesipikili somcunu we-elektroni, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesobunxele lesibalo 1 Ekugcineni, kusetshenziselwa ukungalungisi kwamandla kazibuthe okwesibili ukuqhubeka nokwandisa ama-X-ray ngokuxhumana kwe-atosecond pulses ngesilayi esisha.

Fig. 1 Umdwebo wedivaysi yokuhlola; Lo mfanekiso ukhombisa isikhala sesigaba eside (umdwebo we-Time-Energy of Electron, oluhlaza), iphrofayili yamanje (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kanye nemisebe ekhiqizwe yi-oda lokuqala le-oda (onsomi). I-XTCAV, i-X-band transversethani; I-CVMI, uhlelo lwe-coaxial esheshayo lwemephu yokufanekisa ukucabanga; I-FZP, Fresnel Band Plate Spectrometer

Yonke i-atosecond pulses yakhiwa ngomsindo, ngakho-ke ishayela ngakunye linezinto ezihlukile ze-spectral nezesikhathi sesizinda, abacwaningi abahlolwe ngemininingwane eminingi. Ngokuya nge-spectra, basebenzise i-fresnel band Plate Spectrometer ukukala i-spectra ye-pulses ngayinye yobude obulinganayo, futhi bathola ukuthi lezi zinto zigcinwe ama-waveform abushelelezi ngisho nangemva kokukhuliswa kwesibili, okukhombisa ukuthi ama-pulses ahlala engafanele. Kulesi sizinda sesikhathi, i-angular fringe ilinganiswa futhi isikhathi se-Domain Flazitform se-pulse sibonakaliswa. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 1, i-X-ray pulse ifakwe umjikelezo we-laser pulse we-laser osindayo. I-PhotoElectrons Ioned by X-ray Pullose izokhiqiza imifino ephambene ne-Vector amandla we-laser ye-infrared. Ngoba insimu kagesi ye-laser ijikeleza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusatshalaliswa komfutho we-photoelectron kunqunywa ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwe-elektroni, nobudlelwano phakathi kwemodi ye-angular yesikhathi sokuphuma kanye nokusatshalaliswa komfutho we-photoelectron sekusunguliwe. Ukusatshalaliswa kwesifutho se-sopeleelectron kulinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-coaxial esheshayo epile imaple. Kususelwa ekusatshalalisweni kanye nemiphumela ebukeka kahle, i-Time-Domain Waveform ye-Atosecond Pulses ingakhiwa kabusha. Umdwebo 2 (a) ukhombisa ukusatshalaliswa kwesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo, nge-median ka-440 njenge. Ekugcineni, umtshina wokuqapha igesi wasetshenziswa ukukala amandla we-pulse, kanye nesakhiwo sokusakazeka phakathi kwamandla we-peak pulse kanye nesikhathi sokushaya ngamandla njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2 (B) wabalwa. Ukucushwa kwezintathu kuhambelana nemibandela ehlukene ye-elektroni egxile kakhulu, izimo zokubopha ze-waver Ukucushwa kwezintathu kuveze amandla okushayela okumaphakathi kwama-150, 200, no-260 μj, ngokulandelana, ngamandla aphezulu aphezulu we-1.1 TW.

Umdwebo 2. (A) Ukusabalalisa i-Histogram ye-Half-Height FUEF FULTH (FWHM) DLULA isikhathi; (b) isabalalisa i-plate ehambelana namandla aphezulu kanye nesikhathi sokushaya

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu cwaningo luphinde lwabonakala okokuqala ngqa ukuba nento ye-soliton-efana ne-supemission ye-X-ray band, ebonakala njengokufinyezwa kwePulse okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokukhulisa. Kubangelwa ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwama-elektroni nemisebe, ngamandla asuswa ngokushesha kusuka ku-elektroni kuya ekhanda le-x-ray pulse bese ubuyela kwi-elektroni kusuka emsileni weshayela. Ngokutadisha okujulile kwalesi simo, kulindeleke ukuthi i-X-ray igcwele isikhathi esifushane kanye namandla aphezulu aphezulu angatholakala ngokunwetshwa yinqubo yokukhuphula imali enkulu futhi asebenzise ukunciphisa i-Pulse kwimodi efana ne-soliton.