I-laser ye-pulse ye-X-ray yekilasi le-TW attosecond

I-laser ye-pulse ye-X-ray yekilasi le-TW attosecond
I-X-ray ye-Attosecondi-laser ye-pulsengamandla aphezulu kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okufushane kuyisihluthulelo sokufeza i-ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy kanye ne-X-ray diffraction imaging. Ithimba locwaningo e-United States lisebenzise uchungechunge lwezigaba ezimbiliAma-laser e-electron angenayo i-X-rayukukhipha ama-pulse e-attosecond ahlukene. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemibiko ekhona, amandla aphezulu aphakathi kwama-pulse akhuliswa ngomyalelo wobukhulu, amandla aphezulu aphezulu angu-1.1 TW, kanti amandla aphakathi angaphezu kuka-100 μJ. Ucwaningo luphinde lunikeze ubufakazi obuqinile bokuziphatha kwe-soliton-like superradiation ensimini ye-X-ray.Ama-laser anamandla aphezuluiholele ezindaweni eziningi ezintsha zocwaningo, okuhlanganisa i-high-field physics, i-attosecond spectroscopy, kanye ne-laser particle accelerators. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zama-laser, ama-X-ray asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha, ekutholakaleni kwamaphutha ezimbonini, ekuhlolweni kokuphepha kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. I-X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) ingakhuphula amandla e-X-ray aphezulu ngama-oda amaningana ngobukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ama-X-ray, ngaleyo ndlela yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-X-ray emkhakheni we-nonlinear spectroscopy kanye ne-single-particle diffraction imaging lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu. I-attosecond XFEL ephumelele muva nje iyimpumelelo enkulu kwisayensi nobuchwepheshe be-attosecond, ikhuphula amandla e-peak atholakalayo ngama-oda angaphezu kwayisithupha ngobukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemithombo ye-X-ray esezingeni eliphezulu.

Ama-laser e-electron wamahhalaingathola amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo amaningi kakhulu kunezinga lokukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa ukungazinzi okuhlangene, okubangelwa ukusebenzisana okuqhubekayo kwensimu yemisebe ku-relativistic electron beam kanye ne-magnetic oscillator. Kububanzi be-X-ray eqinile (cishe ubude be-0.01 nm kuya ku-0.1 nm), i-FEL itholakala ngokucindezela kwe-bundle kanye namasu okuhlanganisa ama-post-saturation. Kububanzi be-X-ray ethambile (cishe ubude be-0.1 nm kuya ku-10 nm), i-FEL isetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-cascade fresh-slice. Muva nje, ama-pulse e-attosecond anamandla aphezulu angu-100 GW abikwe ukuthi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-enhanced self-amplified spontaneous emission (ESASE).

Ithimba locwaningo lisebenzise uhlelo lokukhulisa olunezigaba ezimbili olusekelwe ku-XFEL ukuze lukhulise ukuphuma kwe-X-ray ethambile ye-attosecond pulse kusuka ku-linac coherent.umthombo wokukhanyaezingeni le-TW, uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kunemiphumela ebikiwe. Ukusethwa kokuhlola kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Ngokusekelwe endleleni ye-ESASE, i-photocathode emitter iguqulwa ukuze ithole umsebe we-electron one-spike yamanje ephezulu, futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-pulse e-X-ray e-attosecond. I-pulse yokuqala itholakala emaphethelweni angaphambili e-spike yomsebe we-electron, njengoba kuboniswe ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesobunxele leMfanekiso 1. Lapho i-XFEL ifinyelela ekugcwalisweni, umsebe we-electron uyabambezeleka uma kuqhathaniswa ne-X-ray yi-compressor yamagnetic, bese i-pulse ixhumana nomsebe we-electron (isilayi esisha) ongashintshwa yi-ESASE modulation noma i-FEL laser. Ekugcineni, i-unulator yesibili yamagnetic isetshenziswa ukukhulisa ama-X-ray ngokusebenzisana kwama-pulse e-attosecond nesilayi esisha.

UMFANELO 1 Umdwebo wedivayisi yokuhlola; Umfanekiso ukhombisa isikhala sesigaba eside (umdwebo wesikhathi-amandla we-electron, oluhlaza), iphrofayili yamanje (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kanye nemisebe ekhiqizwa yi-amplification ye-oda lokuqala (onsomi). I-XTCAV, i-X-band transverse cavity; i-cVMI, uhlelo lokuthwebula izithombe olusheshayo lwe-coaxial; i-FZP, i-Fresnel band plate spectrometer

Zonke izinhlayiya ze-attosecond zakhiwe ngomsindo, ngakho-ke inhlayiya ngayinye inezakhiwo ezihlukile ze-spectral kanye ne-time-domain, abacwaningi abazihlolile ngokuningiliziwe. Ngokuphathelene nama-spectra, basebenzise i-Fresnel band plate spectrometer ukukala ama-spectra ezinhlayiya ngazinye ngobude obuhlukene be-undulator, futhi bathola ukuthi la ma-spectra agcina ama-waveform abushelelezi ngisho nangemva kokukhulisa okwesibili, okubonisa ukuthi izinhlayiya zahlala zi-unimodal. Esizindeni sesikhathi, i-angular fringe iyalinganiswa futhi i-time domain waveform ye-pulse iyachazwa. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, i-X-ray pulse ihambisana ne-infrared laser pulse eyindilinga e-polarized. Ama-photoelectron ahlanganiswe yi-X-ray pulse azokhiqiza imivimbo ohlangothini oluphambene nekhono le-vector le-infrared laser. Ngenxa yokuthi insimu kagesi ye-laser ijikeleza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-momentum ye-photoelectron kunqunywa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-electron, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kwemodi ye-angular yesikhathi sokukhishwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-momentum ye-photoelectron buyasungulwa. Ukusatshalaliswa komfutho we-photoelectron kulinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-spectrometer yokuthwebula izithombe okusheshayo ye-coaxial. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokusatshalaliswa kanye ne-spectral, i-waveform yesizinda sesikhathi sama-pulse e-attosecond ingakhiwa kabusha. Isithombe 2 (a) sibonisa ukusatshalaliswa kobude be-pulse, ngesilinganiso esingu-440 njenge. Ekugcineni, i-gas monitoring detector yasetshenziswa ukukala amandla e-pulse, futhi i-scatter plot phakathi kwamandla e-peak pulse kanye nobude be-pulse njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 2 (b) yabalwa. Ukulungiselelwa okuthathu kuvumelana nezimo ezahlukene zokugxila kwe-electron beam, izimo ze-waver coning kanye nezimo zokulibaziseka kwe-magnetic compressor. Ukulungiselelwa okuthathu kuveze amandla e-pulse ajwayelekile angu-150, 200, kanye no-260 µJ, ngokulandelana, ngamandla aphezulu e-peak angu-1.1 TW.

Umfanekiso 2. (a) I-histogram yokusabalalisa yokuphakama okuyingxenye Ubude be-pulse yobubanzi obugcwele (FWHM); (b) I-Scatter plot ehambisana namandla aphezulu kanye nobude be-pulse

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu cwaningo luphinde lwabona okokuqala isenzakalo se-soliton-like superemission ku-X-ray band, ebonakala njengokuncipha okuqhubekayo kwe-pulse ngesikhathi sokukhulisa. Kubangelwa ukusebenzisana okuqinile phakathi kwama-electron kanye nemisebe, lapho amandla edluliselwa ngokushesha esuka ku-electron eya ekhanda le-X-ray pulse futhi ebuyela ku-electron esuka emsileni we-pulse. Ngokutadisha ngokujulile kwalesi simo, kulindeleke ukuthi ama-X-ray pulse anesikhathi esifushane namandla aphezulu aphezulu angabonakala ngokwandisa inqubo yokukhulisa i-superradiation kanye nokusebenzisa ithuba lokufinyeza kwe-pulse kwimodi efana ne-soliton.