I-photodetector ye-lithium niobate (LN) yefilimu encane

I-photodetector ye-lithium niobate (LN) yefilimu encane

I-Lithium niobate (LN) inesakhiwo sekristalu esiyingqayizivele kanye nemiphumela ecebile yomzimba, njengemiphumela engeyona eye-linear, imiphumela ye-electro-optic, imiphumela ye-pyroelectric, kanye nemiphumela ye-piezoelectric. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inezinzuzo zefasitela lokubonakala kwe-optical elibanzi kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside. Lezi zici zenza i-LN ibe yipulatifomu ebalulekile yesizukulwane esisha se-photonics ehlanganisiwe. Kumadivayisi optical kanye nezinhlelo ze-optoelectronic, izici ze-LN zinganikeza imisebenzi ecebile kanye nokusebenza, okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana kwe-optical, i-optical computing, kanye nezinsimu zokuzwa kwe-optical. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezakhiwo ezibuthakathaka zokumuncwa kanye nokufakwa kwe-insulation ze-lithium niobate, ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-lithium niobate kusabhekene nenkinga yokutholakala okunzima. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imibiko kulo mkhakha ifaka phakathi ama-photodetector ahlanganisiwe e-waveguide kanye nama-photodetector e-heterojunction.
I-photodetector ehlanganisiwe ye-waveguide esekelwe ku-lithium niobate ivame ukugxila ku-C-band yokuxhumana kwe-optical (1525-1565nm). Ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi, i-LN idlala indima yamagagasi aqondiswayo, kuyilapho umsebenzi wokuthola i-optoelectronic uthembele kakhulu kuma-semiconductor afana ne-silicon, ama-semiconductor e-bandgap e-III-V group narrow, kanye nezinto ezinezilinganiso ezimbili. Kulolu hlobo lokwakha, ukukhanya kudluliselwa ngamagagasi e-optical e-lithium niobate ngokulahlekelwa okuphansi, bese kudonswa ezinye izinto ze-semiconductor ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni ye-photoelectric (njenge-photoconductivity noma imiphumela ye-photovoltaic) ukuze kwandiswe ukuhlushwa kwe-carrier futhi kuguqulwe kube yizimpawu zikagesi zokukhipha. Izinzuzo yi-bandwidth ephezulu yokusebenza (~GHz), i-voltage ephansi yokusebenza, usayizi omncane, kanye nokuhambisana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-photonic chip. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwendawo kwezinto ze-lithium niobate kanye ne-semiconductor, yize ngayinye yenza imisebenzi yayo, i-LN idlala indima kuphela ekuqondiseni amagagasi futhi ezinye izakhiwo ezinhle zakwamanye amazwe azisetshenziswanga kahle. Izinto ze-semiconductor zidlala indima kuphela ekuguqulweni kwe-photoelectric futhi azinazo izixhumanisi ezihambisanayo, okuholela ebhendini yokusebenza elinganiselwe. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa okuthile, ukuhlanganiswa kokukhanya okuvela emthonjeni wokukhanya kuya ku-lithium niobate optical waveguide kuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kanye nezidingo zenqubo eqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okukhanya angempela okukhanya akhanyiswe esiteshini sedivayisi ye-semiconductor esifundeni sokuxhuma kunzima ukuwalinganisa, okunciphisa ukusebenza kwawo kokuthola.
Indabukoama-photodetectorsIsetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zezithombe ngokuvamile isekelwe ezintweni ze-semiconductor. Ngakho-ke, nge-lithium niobate, izinga layo eliphansi lokumuncwa kokukhanya kanye nezakhiwo zokuvimbela kwenza ngokungangabazeki ingathandwa abacwaningi be-photodetector, futhi ibe yiphuzu elinzima emkhakheni. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-heterojunction eminyakeni yamuva nje kulethe ithemba ocwaningweni lwe-lithium niobate photodetectors. Ezinye izinto ezinokumuncwa kokukhanya okunamandla noma ukuhanjiswa okuhle kakhulu zingahlanganiswa ngokungefani ne-lithium niobate ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha ayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici ze-pyroelectric ezibangelwa yi-lithium niobate ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-anisotropy zingalawulwa ngokuguqulwa zibe ukushisa ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhanyayo, ngaleyo ndlela kushintshwe izici ze-pyroelectric zokutholwa kwe-optoelectronic. Lo mphumela wokushisa unezinzuzo ze-wideband kanye nokuzishayela ngokwakho, futhi ungagcwaliswa kahle futhi uhlanganiswe nezinye izinto. Ukusetshenziswa okuhambisanayo kwemiphumela yokushisa neye-photoelectric kuvule inkathi entsha ye-lithium niobate photodetectors, okuvumela amadivayisi ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zemiphumela yomibili. Futhi ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha futhi kufezwe ukuhlanganiswa okuhambisanayo kwezinzuzo, Kuyindawo yocwaningo eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kokufakelwa kwe-ion, ubunjiniyela bebhendi, kanye nobunjiniyela bezinkinga nakho kuyisinqumo esihle sokuxazulula ubunzima bokuthola i-lithium niobate. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu bokucubungula i-lithium niobate, le nsimu isabhekene nezinselele ezinkulu njengokuhlanganiswa okuphansi, amadivayisi nezinhlelo zokuthwebula izithombe, kanye nokusebenza okunganele, okunenani elikhulu locwaningo kanye nesikhala.

Umfanekiso 1, kusetshenziswa izimo zamandla ezingalungile ngaphakathi kwe-bandgap ye-LN njengezikhungo zokunikela ngama-electron, abathwali be-free charge bakhiqizwa ebhendini yokuqhuba ngaphansi kokukhanya okubonakalayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-photodetector e-LN angaphambilini e-pyroelectric, ayevame ukukhawulelwa esivinini sokuphendula esingaba ngu-100Hz, lokhuI-LN photodetectorinesivinini sokuphendula esisheshayo esifinyelela ku-10kHz. Okwamanje, kulo msebenzi, kwaboniswa ukuthi i-LN efakwe i-magnesium ion ingafinyelela ukuguqulwa kokukhanya kwangaphandle ngempendulo efika ku-10kHz. Lo msebenzi ukhuthaza ucwaningo lokusebenza kahle kanyeama-photodetector e-LN asheshayoekwakhiweni kwama-chip e-LN photonic ahlanganisiwe asebenza ngokugcwele ane-chip eyodwa.
Ngamafuphi, insimu yocwaningo lwe-ama-photodetector e-lithium niobate efilimu encaneinokubaluleka okubalulekile kwesayensi kanye nekhono elikhulu lokusebenza okusebenzayo. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokujula kocwaningo, ama-photodetector e-thin film lithium niobate (LN) azothuthukela ekuhlanganisweni okuphezulu. Ukuhlanganisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlanganisa ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza okuphezulu, impendulo esheshayo, kanye nama-photodetector e-thin film lithium niobate e-wideband kuzo zonke izici kuzoba ngokoqobo, okuzokhuthaza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-on-chip kanye nezinkambu zokuzwa ezihlakaniphile, futhi kuhlinzeke ngamathuba engeziwe esizukulwaneni esisha sezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-photonics.