Ifilimu encane i-lithium niobate (LN) isithwebuli sezithombe

Ifilimu encane i-lithium niobate (LN) isithwebuli sezithombe

I-Lithium niobate (LN) inesakhiwo sekristalu esiyingqayizivele nemiphumela ecebile yomzimba, njengemiphumela engaqondile, imiphumela ye-electro-optic, imiphumela ye-pyroelectric, nemiphumela ye-piezoelectric. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inezinzuzo zewindi le-wideband optical transparency kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside. Lezi zici zenza i-LN ibe inkundla ebalulekile yesizukulwane esisha sezithombe ezididiyelwe. Kumishini yokubona kanye nezinhlelo ze-optoelectronic, izici ze-LN zinganikeza imisebenzi ecebile nokusebenza, zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana okubonakalayo, i-optical computing, nezinkambu zokuzwa okubonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezakhiwo ezibuthakathaka zokumunca kanye nokufakwa kwe-lithium niobate, ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-lithium niobate kusabhekene nenkinga yokutholwa okunzima. Eminyakeni yakamuva, imibiko kulo mkhakha ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa ama-photodetectors ahlanganisiwe we-waveguide kanye nama-photodetectors we-heterojunction.
I-photodetector ehlanganisiwe ye-waveguide esekelwe ku-lithium niobate ivame ukugxila ekuxhumaneni kwe-optical C-band (1525-1565nm). Mayelana nomsebenzi, i-LN idlala ikakhulukazi indima yamagagasi aqondiswayo, kuyilapho umsebenzi wokuthola i-optoelectronic uncike kakhulu kuma-semiconductors afana ne-silicon, ama-semiconductors e-bandgap e-III-V eqembu elincane, nezinto ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili. Kusakhiwo esinjalo, ukukhanya kudluliselwa nge-lithium niobate optical waveguides ngokulahlekelwa okuphansi, bese kudonswa ezinye izinto ze-semiconductor ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni ye-photoelectric (efana ne-photoconductivity noma imiphumela ye-photovoltaic) ukuze kukhuliswe ukugxilwa kwenkampani yenethiwekhi futhi kuyiguqule ibe amasignali kagesi okukhiphayo. Izinzuzo i-bandwidth ephezulu yokusebenza (~GHz), i-voltage ephansi yokusebenza, usayizi omncane, nokuhambisana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-photonic chip. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwendawo yezinto zokwakha ze-lithium niobate kanye ne-semiconductor, nakuba ngayinye yenza imisebenzi yayo, i-LN idlala indima kuphela ekuqondiseni amagagasi nezinye izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zangaphandle azizange zisetshenziswe kahle. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-semiconductor zidlala indima kuphela ekuguquleni ugesi wesithombe futhi azikho ukuhlangana okuhambisanayo, okuholela ebhendini yokusebenza elinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa. Mayelana nokuqaliswa okuqondile, ukuhlangana kokukhanya kusuka emthonjeni wokukhanya kuya ku-lithium niobate optical waveguide kubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kanye nezidingo zenqubo eqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla angempela okubona okukhanya afakwe kushaneli yedivayisi ye-semiconductor endaweni ehlanganisayo kunzima ukukala, okukhawulela ukusebenza kwayo kokutholwa.
Owendabukoama-photodetectorsesetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthwebula imvamisa isuselwa ezintweni ze-semiconductor. Ngakho-ke, i-lithium niobate, izinga layo eliphansi lokumunca ukukhanya kanye nezakhiwo zokuvikela i-insulating zenza ngokungangabazeki zingathandwa ngabacwaningi be-photodetector, ngisho nephuzu elinzima emkhakheni. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-heterojunction eminyakeni yamuva nje kulethe ithemba ocwaningweni lwe-lithium niobate based photodetectors. Ezinye izinto ezimunca ukukhanya okuqinile noma ukusebenza kahle kakhulu zingahlanganiswa ngokungafani ne-lithium niobate ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukushiyeka kwayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-polarization ezenzakalelayo yenza izici ze-pyroelectric ze-lithium niobate ngenxa ye-anisotropy yesakhiwo ingalawulwa ngokuguqulela ekushiseni ngaphansi kwemisebe yokukhanya, ngaleyo ndlela iguqule izici ze-pyroelectric zokutholwa kwe-optoelectronic. Lo mphumela wokushisa unezinzuzo ze-wideband kanye nokuzishayela, futhi ungahambisana kahle futhi uhlanganiswe nezinye izinto. Ukusetshenziswa okuhambisanayo kwemiphumela eshisayo neyesithombe kuvule inkathi entsha yama-photodetectors e-lithium niobate, okuvumela amadivayisi ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zayo yomibili imiphumela. Futhi ukulungisa amaphutha futhi uzuze ukuhlanganiswa okuhambisanayo kwezinzuzo, Kuyindawo yocwaningo eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kokufakelwa kwe-ion, ubunjiniyela bebhendi, nobunjiniyela besici nakho kuyisinqumo esihle sokuxazulula ubunzima bokuthola i-lithium niobate. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobunzima bokucubungula okuphezulu kwe-lithium niobate, lo mkhakha usabhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ezifana nokuhlanganiswa okuphansi, amadivaysi e-imaging ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo, nokusebenza okwanele, okunenani elikhulu lokucwaninga nendawo.

Umfanekiso 1, kusetshenziswa izifunda zamandla anesici ngaphakathi kwe-LN bandgap njengezikhungo zokunikela ngama-electron, abathwali bamahhala bakhiqizwa kubhendi yokuqhuba ngaphansi kwesasasa elibonakalayo lokukhanya. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-photodetectors e-pyroelectric LN angaphambilini, ngokuvamile ayekhawulelwe isivinini sokuphendula esingaba ngu-100Hz, lokhuIsithwebuli sesithombe se-LNinesivinini sokuphendula esisheshayo esingafika ku-10kHz. Ngaleso sikhathi, kulo msebenzi, kwaboniswa ukuthi i-magnesium ion doped LN ingafinyelela ukushintshashintsha kokukhanya kwangaphandle ngempendulo efika ku-10kHz. Lo msebenzi ukhuthaza ucwaningo ngokusebenza okuphezulu kanyeama-photodetectors we-LN anesivinini esikhuluekwakhiweni kwe-single-chip ehlanganisiwe ye-LN photonic chips esebenza ngokugcwele.
Kafushane, umkhakha wocwaningo weifilimu elincanyana lithium niobate photodetectorsinokubaluleka kwesayensi okubalulekile kanye namandla amakhulu okusebenza okusebenzayo. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokujula kocwaningo, ama-photodetectors amafilimu amancane e-lithium niobate (LN) azothuthukela ekuhlanganisweni okuphezulu. Ukuhlanganisa izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukusabela okusheshayo, kanye ne-wideband thin film lithium niobate photodetectors kuzo zonke izici kuzoba ngokoqobo, okuzokhuthaza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-on-chip nezinkambu zokuzwa ezihlakaniphile, futhi kunikeze amathuba amaningi esizukulwane esisha sezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-photonics.