Izici eziyinhloko zama-laser

Okuyinhlokoizici zama-laser

Isizukulwane sikaama-laserUmbono "wokukhanya okuzenzakalelayo nokushukunyiswayo" owaphakanyiswa ngu-Einstein ngo-1916 uyisisekelo esibonakalayo sesimanjeuhlelo lwe-laserUkusebenzisana phakathi kwama-photon nama-athomu kungabangela izinhlobo ezintathu zezinqubo zokuguquka: ukumuncwa okushukunyiswayo, ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokukhishwa okushukunyiswayo.

Izici eziyinhloko zama-laser yilezi:

1. Ukuqondiswa okuhle: Njengoba kungukukhanya okusakazeka eceleni kwe-axis yesikhala esizwakalayo kuphela okungakha ukushukuma kanye nokukhulisa okuqhubekayo, ukuphuma kwe-laser kusuka ku-laser kune-Angle encane kakhulu yokuhlukana kanye nokuqondiswa okuhle kakhulu, okwenza kube umthombo wokukhanya ohambisanayo ofanele.

2. Ukukhanya okuphezulu: Ngenxa yokuthi iqondisa kahle kakhulu, amandla e-laser agxile kakhulu esikhaleni, okwenza kube namandla aphezulu kakhulu. Ukukhanya okuvamile kokukhanya kwelanga cishe kungama-100W/cm². Amandla okukhanya kwe-laser ye-helium-neon enamandla angama-milliwatts amaningana angaba makhulu ngokuphindwe kakhulu kunokukhanya kwelanga. I-laser esebenza ku-pulsed

Indlela ingaba namandla okukhanya aphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-107 kuya ku-1014 kunokukhanya kwelanga.

3. I-monochromaticity enhle: Ngenxa yokuthi ama-photon akhiqizwa imisebe evuselelwe anemvamisa efanayo futhi anqunyelwe yi-resonant cavity, ukukhanya kuphela kobude besikhathi obuqondile okunganyakazisa futhi kuphume. Ngakho-ke, ama-laser ane-monochromaticity enhle kakhulu.

4. Ukuhambisana okuhle: Ukukhanya okuvamile okukhiqizwa yimisebe ezenzakalelayo kuwukukhanya okungahambelani, kuyilapho izici zokukhanya okukhishwe yimisebe evuselelwe zenza ama-laser abe nokuhambisana okuhle. Lezi zici ezine ezinkulu zinikeza amasu amasha okuxilonga kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqaphela izithombe kwezokwelapha kanye ne-biology.

Izingozi ze-laser nezinyathelo zokuphepha

Umonakalo ongaba khona ongase ubangelwe yi-laser emzimbeni womuntu ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili. Uhlobo olulodwa ukulimala okuqondile, okungukuthi, imisebe yokukhanya yama-laser edlula umkhawulo wokuphepha ibangela umonakalo emehlweni, esikhumbeni, ohlelweni lwezinzwa nasezithweni zangaphakathi. Esinye isigaba izingozi ezingaqondile ezibangelwa yizici ezifana nogesi ophakeme, umsindo, iziqandisi ezishisa kakhulu kanye nemithombo yamandla. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanayo: ukuqapha nokuphatha uhlelo lwe-laser kanye nendawo yokusebenza, kanye nokuvikelwa komuntu siqu.