I-SPADisitholi sesithombe se-avalanche esine-photon eyodwa
Lapho izinzwa ze-SPAD photodetector zethulwa okokuqala, zazisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni zokuthola ukukhanya okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kokusebenza kwazo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimfuneko zesimo,I-SPAD photodetectorIzinzwa ziye zasetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni zabathengi ezifana nama-radar ezimoto, amarobhothi, kanye nezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu. Ngenxa yokuzwela kwayo okuphezulu kanye nezici zomsindo ophansi, inzwa ye-SPAD photodetector isibe yisinqumo esifanele sokufeza ukuqonda okujulile okunembile kanye nokuthwebula izithombe ngokukhanya okuphansi.
Ngokungafani nezinzwa zesithombe ze-CMOS zendabuko (i-CIS) ezisekelwe kuma-PN junctions, isakhiwo esiyinhloko se-SPAD photodetector yi-avalanche diode esebenza kwimodi ye-Geiger. Ngokombono wezindlela ezibonakalayo, ubunzima be-SPAD photodetector buphakeme kakhulu kunobamadivayisi e-PN junction. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu eqinisweni lokuthi ngaphansi kokukhetha okuphezulu okuphambene, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangele izinkinga ezifana nokufakwa kwezithwali ezingalingani, imiphumela ye-thermal electron, kanye nemisinga ye-tunneling esizwa yizimo zokukhubazeka. Lezi zici zenza ibhekane nezinselele ezinkulu emazingeni okuklama, inqubo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwesekethe.
Imingcele yokusebenza evamile yeIsitholi sesithombe se-avalanche se-SPADfaka usayizi we-Pixel (Usayizi we-Pixel), umsindo wokubala omnyama (DCR), amathuba okuthola ukukhanya (PDE), isikhathi esifile (Isikhathi Esifile), kanye nesikhathi sokuphendula (Isikhathi Sokuphendula). Lawa mapharamitha athinta ngqo ukusebenza kwe-SPAD avalanche photodetector. Isibonelo, izinga lokubala okumnyama (DCR) liyipharamitha eyinhloko yokuchaza umsindo wokuthola, futhi i-SPAD idinga ukugcina ukukhetha okuphezulu kunokuqhekeka ukuze isebenze njengomtholi we-single-photon. Amathuba okuthola ukukhanya (PDE) anquma ukuzwela kwe-SPAD.umshini wokuthola izithombe we-avalanchefuthi kuthintwa ukuqina nokusatshalaliswa kwensimu kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DeadTime yisikhathi esidingekayo ukuze i-SPAD ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala ngemva kokucushwa, okuthinta izinga eliphezulu lokutholakala kwe-photon kanye nobubanzi obuguqukayo.
Ekusebenzeni kahle kwamadivayisi e-SPAD, ubudlelwano bokuvinjelwa phakathi kwamapharamitha okusebenza okuyinhloko kuyinselele enkulu: isibonelo, ukwenziwa kwe-pixel miniaturization kuholela ngqo ekuncipheni kwe-PDE, futhi ukugcwala kwamasimu kagesi asemaphethelweni okubangelwa ukwenziwa kwe-size miniaturization nakho kuzobangela ukwanda okukhulu kwe-DCR. Ukunciphisa isikhathi esifile kuzodala umsindo we-post-impulse futhi kunciphise ukunemba kwe-time jitter. Manje, ikhambi elisezingeni eliphezulu selifinyelele izinga elithile lokwenziwa ngcono ngokubambisana ngezindlela ezifana ne-DTI/protection loop (ukucindezela i-crosstalk nokunciphisa i-DCR), ukwenza ngcono kwe-pixel optical, ukwethulwa kwezinto ezintsha (i-SiGe avalanche layer enhancing infrared response), kanye nama-three-dimensional stacked active quenching circuits.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-23-2025