I-SPAD single-photon avalanche photodetector

I-SPADi-single-photon avalanche photodetector

Ngenkathi izinzwa ze-SPAD photodetector zethulwa okokuqala, zazisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimeni zokubona ukukhanya okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvela kokusebenza kwabo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zesigcawu,I-SPAD photodetectorizinzwa zisetshenziswe ngokwandayo kuzimo zabathengi njengama-radar ezimoto, amarobhothi, nezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu. Ngenxa yokuzwela kwayo okuphezulu nezici zomsindo ophansi, inzwa ye-photodetector ye-SPAD isiphenduke inketho ekahle yokuzuza umbono wokujula okunembayo kanye nesithombe sokukhanya okuphansi.

Ngokungafani nezinzwa zesithombe ze-CMOS (i-CIS) ezisekelwe ekuhlanganeni kwe-PN, isakhiwo esiyinhloko se-SPAD photodetector iyi-avalanche diode esebenza kumodi ye-Geiger. Ngokombono wezinqubo zomzimba, inkimbinkimbi ye-SPAD photodetector iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yamadivayisi we-PN junction. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu eqinisweni lokuthi ngaphansi kokuchema okuphezulu okuhlanekezelwe, kungenzeka kubangele izinkinga ezifana nokujova abathwali abangalinganiseli, imiphumela ye-electron eshisayo, nama-tunneling currents asizwa yisimo sokukhubazeka. Lezi zici ziyenza ibhekane nezinselele ezinzima emazingeni okwakhiwa, inqubo, kanye nesekethe yezakhiwo.

Imingcele yokusebenza evamile yeI-SPAD avalanche photodetectorkufaka phakathi usayizi we-Pixel (Usayizi we-Pixel), umsindo wokubala okumnyama (i-DCR), amathuba okuthola ukukhanya (i-PDE), Isikhathi esifile (Isikhathi Sokufa), nesikhathi Sokuphendula (Isikhathi Sokuphendula). Le mingcele ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kwe-SPAD avalanche photodetector. Isibonelo, izinga lokubala elimnyama (i-DCR) liyipharamitha eyinhloko yokuchaza umsindo womtshina, futhi i-SPAD idinga ukugcina ukuchema kuphezulu kunokwehlukana ukuze isebenze njengomtshina wesithombe esisodwa. Amathuba okutholwa kokukhanya (PDE) anquma ukuzwela kwe-SPADi-avalanche photodetectorfuthi kuthintwa ukushuba nokusatshalaliswa kwenkundla kagesi. Ukwengeza, i-DeadTime yisikhathi esidingekayo ukuze i-SPAD ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala ngemva kokucushwa, okuthinta izinga eliphezulu lokutholwa kwe-photon kanye nobubanzi obuguqukayo.

Ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kwamadivayisi e-SPAD, ubudlelwano obubambekayo phakathi kwamapharamitha wokusebenza okubalulekile kuyinselelo enkulu: isibonelo, ukwenziwa kancane kwe-pixel kuholela ngokuqondile ekuncipheni kwe-PDE, futhi ukugxiliswa kwezinkambu zikagesi ezinqenqemeni okubangelwa usayizi omncane kuzophinde kubangele ukwanda okubukhali ku-DCR. Ukunciphisa isikhathi esifile kuzodala umsindo we-post-impulse futhi kunciphise ukunemba kwe-jitter yesikhathi. Manje, isisombululo sokusika sesizuze izinga elithile lokusebenzelana kahle kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifana ne-DTI/ protection loop (ukucindezela i-crosstalk nokunciphisa i-DCR), i-pixel optical optimization, ukwethulwa kwezinto ezintsha (i-SiGe avalanche layer enhancing infrared response), kanye namasekethe okucisha asebenzayo anezinhlangothi ezintathu.