Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi be-Quantum ubuchwepheshe obusha bolwazi obusekelwe ku-quantum mechanics, obuhlanganisa, buhlanganise futhi budlulise ulwazi oluphathekayo oluqukethwe ku-quantum mechanics.uhlelo lwe-quantum. Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwe-quantum kuzosingenisa “enkathini ye-quantum”, futhi sibone ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, izindlela zokuxhumana ezivikeleke kakhulu kanye nendlela yokuphila elula neluhlaza.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-quantum kuncike emandleni abo okuxhumana nokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola izinto ezingasebenzisa ngokugcwele izakhiwo ze-quantum ze-optical.
Muva nje, ithimba labacwaningi e-Institute of Chemistry e-Paris kanye ne-Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ndawonye babonise amandla ekristalu yamangqamuzana asekelwe kuma-ion europium ion omhlaba angavamile (Eu³ +) ukuze asetshenziswe kumasistimu we-quantum optical. Bathole ukuthi ukuphuma komugqa womugqa omncane kakhulu wale Eu³ + ikristalu yamangqamuzana kunika amandla ukusebenzisana okuphumelelayo nokukhanya futhi kunenani elibalulekileukuxhumana kwe-quantumkanye ne-quantum computing.
Umfanekiso 1: Ukuxhumana kwe-quantum okusekelwe kumakristalu amangqamuzana e-europium angavamile
Izifunda ze-Quantum zingabekwa phezulu, ngakho-ke ulwazi lwe-quantum lungabekwa ngaphezulu. I-qubit eyodwa ingamela ngesikhathi esisodwa izinhlobonhlobo zezimo phakathi kuka-0 no-1, okuvumela idatha ukuthi icutshungulwe ngokuhambisana ngamaqoqo. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla ekhompuyutha amakhompuyutha e-quantum azokhula kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namakhompyutha edijithali endabuko. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yokubala, i-superposition ye-qubits kufanele ikwazi ukuqhubeka kancane isikhathi eside. Ku-quantum mechanics, lesi sikhathi sokuzinza saziwa njengempilo yonke yokuhlangana. Ama-nuclear spins ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi angafinyelela izifunda eziphezulu ngempilo ende eyomile ngenxa yokuthi umthelela wemvelo kuma-spins enyukliya uvikelwe ngempumelelo.
Ama-ion omhlaba angavamile namakristalu amangqamuzana yizinhlelo ezimbili eziye zasetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe be-quantum. Ama-ion omhlaba angavamile anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-optical and spin, kodwa kunzima ukuhlanganiswa kuwoimishini yokubona. Amakristalu e-molecular kulula ukuhlanganisa, kodwa kunzima ukusungula uxhumano oluthembekile phakathi kokuphonswa nokukhanya ngoba amabhande okukhiphayo abanzi kakhulu.
Amakristalu amangqamuzana omhlaba ayivelakancane athuthukiswe kulo msebenzi ahlanganisa kahle izinzuzo zakho kokubili ngokuthi, ngaphansi kwe-laser excitation, i-Eu³ + ingakhipha ama-photon aphethe ulwazi mayelana ne-nuclear spin. Ngokuhlolwa kwe-laser okukhethekile, isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenza kahle se-optical/nuclear spin singenziwa. Ngalesi sisekelo, abacwaningi baphinde babona ukubhekana nezinga le-nuclear spin, ukugcinwa okuhambisanayo kwama-photons, kanye nokwenziwa komsebenzi wokuqala we-quantum.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe ikhompuyutha ye-quantum esebenza kahle, ama-qubits amaningi aboshwe ngokuvamile ayadingeka. Abacwaningi babonise ukuthi i-Eu³ + kumakristalu amangqamuzana angenhla angakwazi ukuzuza ukuboshwa kwe-quantum ngokusebenzisa ukuhlangana kwenkundla kagesi elahlekile, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele ukucutshungulwa kolwazi lwe-quantum. Ngenxa yokuthi amakristalu e-molecular aqukethe ama-ion omhlaba amaningi angandile, ukuminyana okuphezulu kwe-qubit kungafinyelelwa.
Enye imfuneko yekhompuyutha ye-quantum ukukwazi ukubhekana nama-qubits ngamanye. I-optical addressing technique kulo msebenzi ingathuthukisa isivinini sokufunda futhi ivimbele ukuphazamiseka kwesignali yesifunda. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundo zangaphambilini, ukuhlangana kwe-optical kwe-Eu³ + amakristalu amangqamuzana abikwe kulo msebenzi kuthuthukiswa cishe ngokuphindwe kayinkulungwane, ukuze izifunda ze-nuclear spin zikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngendlela ethile ngendlela ethile.
Amasignali okubonayo nawo afanelekela ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi lwe-quantum yamabanga amade ukuze kuxhunywe amakhompyutha e-quantum ekuxhumaneni okukude kwe-quantum. Ukucatshangelwa okwengeziwe kunganikezwa ekuhlanganisweni kwamakristalu amasha e-Eu³ + esakhiweni sezithombe ukuze kuthuthukiswe isignali ekhanyayo. Lo msebenzi usebenzisa ama-molecule omhlaba ayivelakancane njengesisekelo se-inthanethi ye-quantum, futhi uthatha isinyathelo esibalulekile mayelana nezakhiwo zokuxhumana ze-quantum zesikhathi esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-02-2024