Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi lwe-Quantum buwubuchwepheshe obusha bolwazi obusekelwe ku-quantum mechanics, obufaka ikhodi, bubale futhi budlulise ulwazi oluphathekayo oluqukethwe ku-uhlelo lwe-quantumUkuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwe-quantum kuzosiletha “enkathini ye-quantum”, futhi kuqaphele ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, izindlela zokuxhumana eziphephile kanye nendlela yokuphila elula neluhlaza.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-quantum kuncike ekhonweni lazo lokuxhumana nokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola into engasebenzisa ngokugcwele izakhiwo ze-quantum ze-optical.
Muva nje, ithimba locwaningo e-Institute of Chemistry eParis kanye ne-Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ndawonye babonise amandla ekristalu yama-molecule asekelwe kuma-ion e-europium e-rare earth (Eu³ +) okusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-quantum ze-optical. Bathole ukuthi ukukhishwa kobubanzi obuncane kakhulu kwale kristalu yama-molecule e-Eu³ + kwenza ukusebenzisana okuphumelelayo nokukhanya futhi kunenani elibalulekile kuukuxhumana kwe-quantumkanye nokubala kwe-quantum.
Umfanekiso 1: Ukuxhumana kwe-quantum okusekelwe kumakristalu ama-molecule e-rare earth europium
Izimo ze-Quantum zingafakwa ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke ulwazi lwe-quantum lungafakwa ngaphezulu. I-qubit eyodwa ingamelela ngasikhathi sinye izimo ezahlukahlukene phakathi kuka-0 no-1, okuvumela idatha ukuthi icutshungulwe ngokuhambisana ngamaqoqo. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla okubala amakhompyutha e-quantum azokhula kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namakhompyutha edijithali avamile. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yokubala, ukufakwa okuphezulu kwama-qubits kumele kukwazi ukuqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ku-quantum mechanics, lesi sikhathi sokuzinza saziwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokuphila sokubumbana. Ukujikeleza kwe-nuclear kwama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi kungafinyelela izimo ze-superposition ngezikhathi zokuphila ezomile ezinde ngoba ithonya lemvelo kuma-nuclear spins livikelwe ngempumelelo.
Ama-ion omhlaba angavamile kanye namakristalu ama-molecular yizinhlelo ezimbili ezisetshenziswe kubuchwepheshe be-quantum. Ama-ion omhlaba angavamile anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhanya kanye nokujikeleza, kodwa kunzima ukuwahlanganisaamadivayisi opticalAmakristalu ama-molecule kulula ukuwahlanganisa, kodwa kunzima ukusungula ukuxhumana okuthembekile phakathi kokujikeleza nokukhanya ngoba amabhande okukhipha abanzi kakhulu.
Amakristalu ama-molecule omhlaba angavamile athuthukiswe kulo msebenzi ahlanganisa kahle izinzuzo zakho kokubili ngokuthi, ngaphansi kokukhuthazwa yi-laser, i-Eu³ + ingakhipha ama-photon aphethe ulwazi mayelana nokujikeleza kwe-nuclear. Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-laser okuqondile, kungakhiqizwa isikhombimsebenzisi esisebenzayo se-optical/nuclear spin. Ngalesi sisekelo, abacwaningi baqhubeka nokuqonda izinga lokujikeleza kwe-nuclear, ukugcinwa okuhlangene kwama-photon, kanye nokwenziwa komsebenzi wokuqala we-quantum.
Ukuze kube nokusebenza kahle kwe-quantum computing, ama-qubit amaningi ahlanganisiwe ngokuvamile ayadingeka. Abacwaningi babonise ukuthi i-Eu³ + kumakristalu ama-molecule angenhla ingafinyelela ukuxhunywa kwe-quantum ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumanisa kwensimu kagesi okulahlekile, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele ukucutshungulwa kolwazi lwe-quantum. Ngenxa yokuthi amakristalu ama-molecule aqukethe ama-ion amaningi e-rare earth, ubuningi be-qubit obuphezulu bungatholakala.
Esinye isidingo sokubalwa kwe-quantum ukuthinta kuyakwazi yini ukubheka ama-qubit ngamanye. Indlela yokubeka ikheli le-optical kulo msebenzi ingathuthukisa isivinini sokufunda futhi ivimbele ukuphazamiseka kwesignali yesekethe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundo zangaphambilini, ukuhambisana kwe-optical kwamakristalu e-Eu³ + amangqamuzana abikwe kulo msebenzi kuthuthukiswe cishe ngokuphindwe kayinkulungwane, ukuze izimo ze-nuclear spin zikwazi ukuphathwa ngendlela ethile.
Izimpawu ezibonakalayo nazo zifanelekile ekusakazweni kolwazi lwe-quantum olude ukuze kuxhunywe amakhompyutha e-quantum ukuze kuxhunyaniswe ukuxhumana kwe-quantum okude. Kungacatshangelwa okwengeziwe ekuhlanganisweni kwamakristalu amasha e-Eu³ + esakhiweni se-photonic ukuze kuthuthukiswe isignali ekhanyayo. Lo msebenzi usebenzisa ama-molecule e-rare earth njengesisekelo se-quantum Internet, futhi uthatha isinyathelo esibalulekile esiya ekwakhiweni kokuxhumana kwe-quantum kwesikhathi esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-02-2024