Ukuxhumana kwe-quantum kuyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwe-quantum. Kunenzuzo yokufihla ngokuphelele, amandla amakhulu okuxhumana, isivinini sokudlulisa okusheshayo, njalo njalo. Kungaqedela imisebenzi ethile ukuxhumana kwakudala okungenakuyifeza. Ukuxhumana kwe-quantum kungasebenzisa uhlelo lokhiye oluyimfihlo, olungenakuqondwa ukuze kufezwe umuzwa wangempela wokuxhumana okuphephile, ngakho-ke ukuxhumana kwe-quantum sekuyinto ephambili kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe emhlabeni. Ukuxhumana kwe-quantum kusebenzisa isimo se-quantum njengento yolwazi ukuze kufezwe ukudluliselwa kolwazi okuphumelelayo. Kungenye inguquko emlandweni wokuxhumana ngemva kokuxhumana ngocingo nokukhanya.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zokuxhumana kwe-quantum:
Ukusatshalaliswa kokhiye oyimfihlo we-Quantum:
Ukusatshalaliswa kokhiye oyimfihlo we-Quantum akusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa okuqukethwe okuyimfihlo. Noma kunjalo, kuwukusungula nokuxhumana ngencwadi ye-cipher, okungukuthi, ukunikeza ukhiye oyimfihlo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokuxhumana komuntu siqu, okwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ukuxhumana kwe-quantum cryptography.
Ngo-1984, uBennett wase-United States kanye noBrassart waseCanada baphakamisa iphrothokholi ye-BB84, esebenzisa ama-quantum bits njengabathwali bolwazi ukuze babhale izimo ze-quantum ngokusebenzisa izici ze-polarization zokukhanya ukuze kufezwe ukukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa okuphephile kwezihluthulelo eziyimfihlo. Ngo-1992, uBennett waphakamisa iphrothokholi ye-B92 esekelwe ezimeni ezimbili ze-quantum ezingezona ezi-orthogonal ezinokugeleza okulula kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesigamu. Zombili lezi zinhlelo zisekelwe kusethi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yesimo se-quantum esisodwa se-orthogonal kanye ne-nonorthogonal. Ekugcineni, ngo-1991, u-Ekert wase-UK waphakamisa i-E91 ngokusekelwe esimweni se-enclothment esiphezulu sezinhlayiya ezimbili, okungukuthi i-EPR pair.
Ngo-1998, kwaphakanyiswa olunye uhlelo lokuxhumana lwe-quantum olunezifundazwe eziyisithupha lokukhethwa kwe-polarization ezisekelweni ezintathu ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiwe yizimo ezine ze-polarization kanye nokujikeleza kwesobunxele nokufanelekile kuphrothokholi ye-BB84. Iphrothokholi ye-BB84 ifakazelwe ukuthi iyindlela yokusabalalisa ephephile, engakaze iphulwe yinoma ubani kuze kube manje. Isimiso sokungaqiniseki kwe-quantum kanye nokungakhiqizi i-quantum siqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo okuphelele. Ngakho-ke, iphrothokholi ye-EPR inenani elibalulekile lethiyori. Ixhumanisa isimo se-quantum esihlanganisiwe nokuxhumana kwe-quantum okuphephile futhi ivula indlela entsha yokuxhumana kwe-quantum okuphephile.
ukuthunyelwa kwe-quantum:
Ithiyori yokuthunyelwa kwe-quantum ephakanyiswe nguBennett nabanye ososayensi emazweni ayisithupha ngo-1993 iyindlela yokudlulisa i-quantum emsulwa esebenzisa isiteshi sesimo esihlanganisiwe sama-particle amabili ukudlulisa isimo se-quantum esingaziwa, futhi izinga lempumelelo lokuthunyelwa kwe-quantum lizofinyelela ku-100% [2].
Ngo-199, iqembu le-a. Zeilinger lase-Austria laqeda ukuqinisekiswa kokuqala kokuhlola kwesimiso sokuthunyelwa kwe-quantum elabhorethri. Kumafilimu amaningi, indaba enjalo ivame ukuvela: isithombe esiyimfihlakalo sinyamalala ngokuzumayo endaweni eyodwa ngokuzumayo sibonakala sisendaweni yaso. Kodwa-ke, ngoba ukuthunyelwa kwe-quantum kwephula isimiso sokungabikho kwe-quantum cloning kanye nokungaqiniseki kukaHeisenberg ku-quantum mechanics, kumane nje kuyindaba yesayensi eqanjiwe ekuxhumaneni kwakudala.
Kodwa-ke, umqondo oyingqayizivele wokuhlanganiswa kwe-quantum ufakwa ekuxhumaneni kwe-quantum, ohlukanisa ulwazi olungaziwa lwesimo se-quantum lwento yokuqala lube izingxenye ezimbili: ulwazi lwe-quantum nolwazi lwakudala, okwenza lesi simangaliso esimangalisayo senzeke. Ulwazi lwe-quantum ulwazi olungakhishwanga enkambisweni yokulinganisa, kanti ulwazi lwakudala luyisilinganiso sokuqala.
Intuthuko ekuxhumaneni kwe-quantum:
Kusukela ngo-1994, ukuxhumana kwe-quantum kuye kwangena kancane kancane esigabeni sokuhlola futhi kuqhubekela phambili emgomweni osebenzayo, onenani elihle kakhulu lentuthuko kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho. Ngo-1997, u-pan Jianwei, usosayensi osemusha waseShayina, kanye no-bow Meister, usosayensi waseDashi, wazama futhi waqaphela ukudluliswa okukude kwezimo ze-quantum ezingaziwa.
Ngo-Ephreli 2004, uSorensen nabanye baqaphela ukudluliswa kwedatha okungamakhilomitha ayi-1.45 phakathi kwamabhange okokuqala ngokusebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-quantum entanglement, okuphawula ukuxhumana kwe-quantum kusukela elabhorethri kuya esigabeni sokufaka isicelo. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwe-quantum budonsele ukunaka okukhulu kohulumeni, izimboni, kanye nezemfundo. Ezinye izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezidumile nazo zithuthukisa ngenkuthalo ukuthengiswa kolwazi lwe-quantum, njengeBritish telephone and Telegraph Company, i-bell, i-IBM, ama-laboratories ase-&T e-United States, inkampani yaseToshiba eJapane, inkampani yase-Siemens eJalimane, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2008, "iphrojekthi yokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana evikelekile yomhlaba wonke esekelwe ku-quantum cryptography" ye-European Union yasungula inethiwekhi yokubonisana evikelekile enama-node ayi-7.
Ngo-2010, umagazini i-Time wase-United States wabika impumelelo yokuhlolwa kwe-quantum teleportation yaseShayina okungamakhilomitha angu-16 kukholomu ethi “izindaba eziqhumayo” enesihloko esithi “ukugxuma kweSayensi ye-Quantum yaseShayina,” okubonisa ukuthi iShayina ingasungula inethiwekhi yokuxhumana kwe-quantum phakathi komhlabathi nesathelayithi [3]. Ngo-2010, i-National Intelligence and Communication Research Institute of Japan kanye ne-Mitsubishi Electric kanye ne-NEC, i-ID eyalinganiswa yiSwitzerland, iToshiba Europe Limited, kanye nayo yonke iVienna yase-Austria yasungula inethiwekhi yokuxhumana ye-quantum yama-node ayisithupha “inethiwekhi ye-Tokyo QKD” eTokyo. Inethiwekhi igxile emiphumeleni yocwaningo yakamuva yezikhungo zocwaningo nezinkampani ezinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwe-quantum eJapane naseYurophu.
I-Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. etholakala “eSigodini saseSilicon” saseShayina – i-Beijing Zhongguancun, iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu elizinikele ekukhonzeni izikhungo zocwaningo zasekhaya nezangaphandle, izikhungo zocwaningo, amanyuvesi kanye nabasebenzi bocwaningo lwesayensi yebhizinisi. Inkampani yethu ihileleke kakhulu ocwaningweni oluzimele kanye nentuthuko, ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa imikhiqizo ye-optoelectronic, futhi inikeza izixazululo ezintsha kanye nezinsizakalo zobungcweti, ezenzelwe wena kubacwaningi besayensi kanye nonjiniyela bezimboni. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokusungula izinto ezintsha, yakhe uchungechunge olucebile noluphelele lwemikhiqizo ye-photoelectric, esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kamasipala, yezempi, yezokuthutha, yamandla kagesi, yezezimali, yezemfundo, yezokwelapha kanye neminye imboni.
Silangazelela ukubambisana nawe!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-05-2023