Ukuxhumana kwe-Quantum kuyingxenye emaphakathi ye-quantum information technology. Inezinzuzo zokufihla ngokuphelele, umthamo omkhulu wokuxhumana, isivinini sokudlulisa ngokushesha, nokunye. Ingakwazi ukuqedela imisebenzi ethile ukuxhumana kwakudala okungakwazi ukuyifinyelela. Ukuxhumana kwe-Quantum kungasebenzisa isistimu yokhiye wangasese, engakwazi ukucaciswa ukuze kubonakale umuzwa wangempela wokuxhumana okuphephile, ngakho ukuxhumana kwe-quantum sekuhamba phambili kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe emhlabeni. Ukuxhumana kwe-Quantum kusebenzisa isimo se-quantum njengengxenye yolwazi ukuze kubonakale ukudluliswa kolwazi ngempumelelo. Kungenye inguquko emlandweni wokuxhumana ngemuva kokuxhumana ngocingo nokubona.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zokuxhumana kwe-quantum:
Ukusabalalisa kokhiye oyimfihlo we-Quantum:
Ukusabalalisa kokhiye oyimfihlo we-Quantum akusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa okuqukethwe okuyimfihlo. Noma kunjalo, kuwukusungula nokuxhumana ngencwadi ye-cipher, okungukuthi, ukwabela ukhiye wangasese kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokuxhumana komuntu siqu, okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi ukuxhumana kwe-quantum cryptography.
Ngo-1984, u-Bennett wase-United States kanye ne-brassart yaseCanada bahlongoza umthetho olandelwayo we-BB84, osebenzisa ama-quantum bits njengabathwali bolwazi ukuze uhlanganise izifunda ze-quantum ngokusebenzisa izici zokuhlukanisa ukukhanya ukuze kubonakale ukukhiqizwa nokusabalalisa okuphephile kokhiye abayimfihlo. Ngo-1992, u-Bennett uhlongoze iphrothokholi ye-B92 esekelwe ezifundeni ezimbili ze-nonorthogonal quantum ezinokugeleza okulula nokusebenza kahle kwengxenye. Zombili lezi zinhlelo zisekelwe kusethi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yezifunda ze-orthogonal ne-nonorthogonal single quantum. Ekugcineni, ngo-1991, u-Ekert wase-UK wenza isiphakamiso se-E91 ngokusekelwe esimweni sokunamathela esiphezulu sezinhlayiyana ezimbili, okuyipheya ye-EPR.
Ngo-1998, kwahlongozwa olunye uhlelo lokuxhumana lwe-quantum lwezifunda eziyisithupha ukuze kukhethwe i-polarization ezisekelweni ezintathu ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiwe yizifunda ezine ze-polarization kanye nokuzungezisa kwesokunxele nokufanelekile kuphrothokholi ye-BB84. Iphrothokholi ye-BB84 ibonakale iyindlela ephephile yokusabalalisa ebucayi, engakaphulwa muntu kuze kube manje. Umgomo wokungaqiniseki kwe-quantum kanye ne-quantum non-cloning iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo okuphelele. Ngakho-ke, iphrothokholi ye-EPR inenani elibalulekile lethiyori. Ixhuma isimo se-quantum esibhajwe nokuxhumana okuphephile kwe-quantum futhi ivula indlela entsha yokuxhumana okuphephile kwe-quantum.
i-quantum teleportation:
Ithiyori ye-quantum teleportation eyahlongozwa u-Bennett kanye nabanye ososayensi emazweni ayisithupha ngo-1993 iyindlela yokudlulisa ye-quantum emsulwa esebenzisa umzila wesimo esibambene esinezinhlayiyana ezimbili ukudlulisa isimo se-quantum esingaziwa, futhi izinga lokuphumelela lokuthumela ucingo lizofinyelela ku-100% [ 2].
Ngo-199, a. Iqembu le-Zeilinger lase-Austria liqede ukuqinisekiswa kokuqala kokuhlolwa komgomo we-quantum teleportation elabhorethri. Emafilimini amaningi, isakhiwo esinjalo sivame ukuvela: isibalo esingaqondakali sinyamalala ngokuzumayo endaweni eyodwa ngokuzumayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-quantum teleportation yephula isimiso se-quantum non-cloning kanye nokungaqiniseki kwe-Heisenberg ku-quantum mechanics, iwuhlobo nje lwenganekwane yesayensi kwezokuxhumana zakudala.
Kodwa-ke, umqondo ohlukile we-quantum entanglement wethulwa ekuxhumaneni kwe-quantum, ehlukanisa ulwazi lwe-quantum state olungaziwa lube izingxenye ezimbili: ulwazi lwe-quantum nolwazi lwakudala, okwenza lesi simangaliso esimangalisayo senzeke. Ulwazi lwe-Quantum ulwazi olungakhishiwe kunqubo yokulinganisa, futhi ulwazi lwakudala luwukulinganisa kwangempela.
Inqubekelaphambili ekuxhumaneni kwe-quantum:
Kusukela ngo-1994, ukuxhumana kwe-quantum kuye kwangena kancane kancane esigabeni sokuhlola futhi kuqhubekela phambili emgomweni osebenzayo, onenani elihle kakhulu lentuthuko kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho. Ngo-1997, u-pan Jianwei, usosayensi osemusha waseShayina, kanye no-bow meister, usosayensi waseDashi, bahlola futhi babona ukudluliswa okukude kwezifunda ze-quantum ezingaziwa.
Ngo-April 2004, uSorensen et al. Kutholwe ukudluliswa kwedatha okungu-1.45km phakathi kwamabhange okokuqala ngqa ngokusebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-quantum entanglement, okumaka ukuxhumana kwe-quantum kusuka elabhorethri kuya esigabeni sokufaka isicelo. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana be-quantum budonse ukunaka okukhulu okuvela kohulumeni, izimboni kanye nezifundiswa. Ezinye izinkampani ezidumile zamazwe ngamazwe nazo zithuthukisa ukuthengiswa kolwazi lwe-quantum, njenge-British phone kanye ne-Telegraph Company, insimbi, i-IBM, i-&T laboratories e-United States, inkampani ye-Toshiba e-Japan, inkampani ye-Siemens eJalimane, njll. Ngo-2008, iphrojekthi ye-European Union "yokuthuthukisa inethiwekhi yokuxhumana evikelekile yomhlaba wonke esekelwe ku-quantum cryptography" yamisa ukuxhumana okuphephile okuyi-7-node Inethiwekhi yokubonisa nokuqinisekisa.
Ngo-2010, iphephabhuku i-Time lase-United States labika impumelelo yocwaningo lwaseChina lwe-quantum teleportation olungamakhilomitha angu-16 kukholomu “yezindaba eziqhumayo” enesihloko esithi “ukweqa kwe-Quantum Science yaseChina,” okubonisa ukuthi i-China ingasungula inethiwekhi yokuxhumana ye-quantum phakathi kwe phansi kanye nesathelayithi [3]. Ngo-2010, iNational Intelligence and Communication Research Institute yase-Japan kanye ne-Mitsubishi Electric kanye ne-NEC, i-ID eyakhiwe nge-Switzerland, i-Toshiba Europe Limited, kanye nayo yonke i-Vienna yase-Austria yasungula inethiwekhi yokuxhumana yomthamo we-metropolitan quantum "Tokyo QKD network" e-Tokyo. Inethiwekhi igxile emiphumeleni yakamuva yocwaningo yezikhungo zocwaningo nezinkampani ezinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-quantum eJapan naseYurophu.
I-Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. etholakala “eSilicon Valley” yaseChina – Beijing Zhongguancun, iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu elizinikele ekuhlinzekeni izikhungo zocwaningo zasekhaya nezangaphandle, izikhungo zocwaningo, amanyuvesi kanye nabasebenzi bocwaningo lwesayensi ebhizinisi. Inkampani yethu ibambe iqhaza kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni okuzimele, ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-optoelectronic, futhi ihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezintsha nezinsizakalo eziqeqeshiwe, ezenzelwe wena uqobo abacwaningi besayensi nonjiniyela bezimboni. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokusungula izinto ezizimele, iye yakha uchungechunge olucebile noluphelele lwemikhiqizo ye-photoelectric, esetshenziswa kakhulu kumasipala, ezempi, ezokuthutha, amandla kagesi, ezezimali, ezemfundo, ezokwelapha nezinye izimboni.
Sibheke ngabomvu ukubambisana nawe!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-05-2023