Ubuningi bamandla kanye nobuningi bamandla be-laser

Ubuningi bamandla kanye nobuningi bamandla be-laser

Ubuningi buyinani elibonakalayo esilijwayele kakhulu empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, ubuningi esibuthinta kakhulu buyinani lezinto ezibonakalayo, ifomula ingu-ρ=m/v, okungukuthi, ubuningi bulingana nobunzima obuhlukaniswe ngevolumu. Kodwa ubuningi bamandla kanye nobuningi bamandla be-laser buhlukile, lapha buhlukaniswe yindawo kunobuningi. Amandla futhi ukuxhumana kwethu nobuningi obuningi obubonakalayo, ngoba sisebenzisa ugesi nsuku zonke, ugesi uzohilela amandla, iyunithi yamandla ejwayelekile yamazwe ngamazwe ingu-W, okungukuthi, i-J/s, iyisilinganiso samandla nesikhathi, iyunithi yamandla ejwayelekile yamazwe ngamazwe ingu-J. Ngakho-ke ubuningi bamandla ngumqondo wokuhlanganisa amandla nobuningi, kodwa nansi indawo yokushiswa kwesikhala kunobuningi, amandla ahlukaniswe yindawo yesikhala sokukhipha yinani lamandla, okungukuthi, iyunithi yamandla enamandla ingu-W/m2, futhi kuinsimu ye-laser, ngoba indawo yesikhala sokukhanya kwe-laser incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile i-W/cm2 isetshenziswa njengeyunithi. Ubuningi bamandla bususwa emcabangweni wesikhathi, kuhlanganiswa amandla nobuningi, futhi iyunithi ingu-J/cm2. Ngokuvamile, ama-laser aqhubekayo achazwa kusetshenziswa ubuningi bamandla, kuyilaphoama-laser ashukunyiswayozichazwa kusetshenziswa kokubili ubuningi bamandla kanye nobuningi bamandla.

Uma i-laser isebenza, ubuningi bamandla buvame ukunquma ukuthi umkhawulo wokubhubhisa, noma wokucisha, noma ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo uyafinyelelwa. Umkhawulo uwumqondo ovame ukuvela lapho kufundwa ukusebenzisana kwama-laser nezinto. Ekufundweni kwe-short pulse (engabhekwa njengesigaba se-us), i-ultra-short pulse (engabhekwa njengesigaba se-ns), ngisho nezinto zokuxhumana kwe-laser ezisheshayo (isigaba se-ps ne-fs), abacwaningi bokuqala bavame ukwamukela umqondo wobuningi bamandla. Lo mqondo, ezingeni lokusebenzisana, umelela amandla asebenza endaweni eqondiwe endaweni ngayinye, esimweni se-laser yezinga elifanayo, le ngxoxo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Kukhona futhi umkhawulo wobuningi bamandla bomjovo we-single pulse. Lokhu kwenza futhi ucwaningo lokusebenzisana kwe-laser-matter lube nzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, imishini yokuhlola yanamuhla ishintsha njalo, ububanzi be-pulse obuhlukahlukene, amandla e-single pulse, imvamisa yokuphindaphinda kanye nezinye izinhlaka zihlala zishintsha, futhi kudingeka ngisho nokucabanga ngokukhishwa kwangempela kwe-laser ekushintsheni kwamandla e-pulse uma kwenzeka ubukhulu bamandla ukuze kulinganiswe, kungaba nzima kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kungacatshangwa ukuthi ubukhulu bamandla obuhlukaniswe ububanzi be-pulse buyisilinganiso samandla esikhathi (qaphela ukuthi yisikhathi, hhayi isikhala). Kodwa-ke, kusobala ukuthi i-laser waveform yangempela ingase ingabi unxande, igagasi lesikwele, noma ngisho ne-bell noma i-Gaussian, futhi ezinye zinqunywa yizakhiwo ze-laser ngokwayo, enomumo othe xaxa.

Ububanzi be-pulse buvame ukunikezwa ububanzi obuyisigamu sokuphakama obunikezwa yi-oscilloscope (i-FWHM egcwele ububanzi obuyisigamu sokuphakama), okusenza sibale inani lobuningi bamandla kusukela kubuningi bamandla, obuphezulu. Ukuphakama nobubanzi obuyisigamu esifanele kufanele kubalwe ngokuphakama nobubanzi obuyisigamu. Akukaze kube nophenyo oluningiliziwe lokuthi ngabe kukhona yini indinganiso efanele yokwazi. Ngobuningi bamandla ngokwawo, lapho wenza izibalo, ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amandla e-pulse eyodwa ukubala, amandla e-pulse eyodwa/ububanzi be-pulse/indawo ye-spot, okuyisilinganiso samandla endawo, bese kuphindaphindwa ngo-2, ngamandla e-spatial peak (ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kungukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Gauss kuyindlela enjalo yokwelapha, i-top-hat ayidingi ukwenza kanjalo), bese kuphindaphindwa ngokubonakaliswa kokusabalalisa kwe-radial, Futhi usuqedile.