I-Photonic integrated circuit (PIC) isistimu yezinto ezibonakalayo

I-Photonic integrated circuit (PIC) isistimu yezinto ezibonakalayo

I-Silicon photonics isiyalo esisebenzisa izakhiwo ze-planar ezisekelwe ezintweni ze-silicon ukuqondisa ukukhanya ukuze kuzuzwe imisebenzi eyahlukene. Lapha sigxila ekusetshenzisweni kwama-silicon photonics ekudaleni ama-transmitter nabamukeli bezokuxhumana nge-fiber optic. Njengoba isidingo sokwengeza ukudluliswa okwengeziwe kumkhawulokudonsa onikeziwe, unyawo olunikeziwe, kanye nezindleko ezinikeziwe zikhuphuka, i-silicon photonics iba namandla ngokwezomnotho. Okwengxenye ye-optical,ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa izithombekufanele kusetshenziswe, futhi ama-transceivers amaningi ahambisanayo namuhla akhiwe kusetshenziswa amamojula ahlukene we-LiNbO3/ planar light-wave circuit (PLC) kanye nabamukeli be-InP/PLC.

Umfanekiso 1: Ubonisa amasistimu wezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-photonic integrated circuit (PIC).

Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa izinhlelo ezibonakalayo ze-PIC ezaziwa kakhulu. Ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla kukhona i-silicon-based silica PIC (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-PLC), i-silicon-based insulator PIC (silicon photonics), i-lithium niobate (LiNbO3), kanye neqembu le-III-V le-PIC, njenge-InP kanye ne-GaAs. Leli phepha ligxile kuma-photonics asekelwe ku-silicon. Kuizithombe ze-silicon, isignali yokukhanya ihamba ngokuyinhloko nge-silicon, enegebe yebhande elingaqondile lamavolthi ama-electron angu-1.12 (nobude begagasi obungama-microns angu-1.1). I-silicon ikhuliswa ngendlela yamakristalu ahlanzekile ezithandweni bese isikwa ibe ama-wafer, namuhla ngokuvamile angu-300 mm ububanzi. Ingaphezulu le-wafer lifakwe i-oxid ukwenza ungqimba lwe-silica. Enye yamawafa iqhunyiswa ngama-athomu e-hydrogen ekujuleni okuthile. Lawa mawafa amabili abe esehlanganiswa ku-vacuum futhi izingqimba zawo ze-oxide zibophana. Umhlangano unqamuka eduze komugqa wokufakelwa kwe-hydrogen ion. Ungqimba lwe-silicon ekumfaneni lube selupholishwa, ekugcineni lushiye ungqimba oluncane lwekristalu u-Si phezu kwe-silicon "isibambo" esicwecwana esingaguquki phezu kongqimba lwe-silica. Ama-Waveguides akhiwe kusukela kulolu ungqimba oluncane lwekristalu. Ngenkathi lawa mawafa asuselwa ku-silicon-based insulator (SOI) enza amagagasi e-silicon photonics alahlekelwe kancane abe khona, empeleni asetshenziswa kakhulu kumasekethe e-CMOS anamandla aphansi ngenxa yokuvuza okuphansi kwamanje akunikezayo.

Ziningi izindlela ezingenzeka zamagagasi okukhanya asuselwa ku-silicon, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. Asukela ku-microscale germanium-doped silica waveguides kuya ku-nanoscale Silicon Wire waveguides. Ngokuhlanganisa i-germanium, kungenzeka ukwenzaama-photodetectorskanye nokumuncwa kukagesiama-modulators, futhi ngokunokwenzeka nama-amplifiers abonakalayo. Ngokusebenzisa i-silicon, ioptical modulekungenziwa. Okuphansi ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla yilezi: i-silicon wire waveguide, i-silicon nitride waveguide, i-silicon oxynitride waveguide, i-silicon ridge waveguide ewugqinsi, i-silicon nitride waveguide encane kanye ne-doped silicon waveguide. Phezulu, ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, kukhona ama-depletion modulators, i-germanium photodetectors, ne-germanium.ama-amplifiers optical.

Umfanekiso 2: I-cross-section yochungechunge olusekelwe ku-silicon-based optical waveguide, olubonisa ukulahlekelwa okujwayelekile kokusakazwa kanye nezinkomba zokuphendula.