Sibutsetelo se-linear ne-nonlinear Optics

Ukubuka konke kwama-optics aqondile kanye ne-nonlinear Optics

Ngokusekelwe ekuxhumaneni kokukhanya okunendaba, ama-Optics angahlukaniswa abe ngama-linear Optics (bheka) kanye ne-nonlinear Optics (NLO). I-Linear Optics (Lo) isisekelo se-Optics Classical, sigxile ekuxhumaneni okuqondile kokukhanya. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-nonlinear Optics (Nlo) yenzeka lapho ukuqina kokukhanya kungafani ngqo nokuphendula okubonakalayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme, ezinjenge-lasers.

I-Linear Optics (Lo)
Ku-LO, ukukhanya kuxhumana ngendaba ngamandla aphansi, ngokujwayelekile kubandakanya i-photon eyodwa nge-athomu noma i-molecule. Lokhu kuhlangana kuphumela ekuhlanekezelweni okuncane kwe-athomu noma isimo samangqamuzana, esisele ngesimo saso semvelo, esingaphazamisekile. Isimiso esiyisisekelo ku-LO ukuthi i-dipole edonswe yinsimu kagesi ilingana ngqo namandla enkambu. Ngakho-ke, bhekani ukugcwalisa izimiso ze-suppoposition kanye nokungeza. Isimiso esikhulu sithi lapho uhlelo lufakwa ngaphansi kwamagagasi amaningi e-electromagnetic, impendulo ephelele ilingana nesamba sezimpendulo ngakunye. Izengezo zibonisa ngokufanayo ukuthi impendulo ephelele yesistimu ye-optical eyinkimbinkimbi inganqunywa ngokuhlanganisa izimpendulo zezakhi zayo. I-LineARity ku-LO isho ukuthi ukuziphatha okukhanyayo kuhlale njalo njengoshintsho olushintshayo - okuphumayo kulingana nokufaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-LO, akukho ukuxuba imvamisa, ngakho-ke ukukhanya okudlula kulolo hlelo kugcina imvamisa yalo noma ngabe kuguqulwa kabusha noma ukuguqulwa kwesigaba. Izibonelo ze-LO zifaka ukuxhumana kokukhanya okunezinto eziyisisekelo ze-optical ezifana nama-lens, izibuko, amapuleti ama-wave, kanye nokugcwaliswa kokuphazamiseka.

I-Nonlinear Optics (Nlo)
I-Nlo ihlukaniswe ngempendulo yayo engahlangene ngokukhanya okuqinile, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo eziphezulu eziphezulu lapho okuphumayo kungaphezulu kwamandla okufaka. Ku-Nlo, ama-Photon amaningi ahlangana nokuqukethwe ngasikhathi sinye, okuholela ekuxubeni kokukhanya noshintsho kwinkomba evulekayo. Ngokungafani no-Lo, lapho indlela yokuziphatha ekhanyayo ihlala ihambisane kungakhathalekile ukuthi inenkani, imiphumela engenangqondo ibonakala kuphela kumandla akhanyayo. Kulokhu kuqina, imithetho evame ukuphatha ukusebenzisana kokukhanya, njengenqubomgomo yeSpeapePo Ukungabi nalonu ekuxhumaneni phakathi kokukhanya nodaba kuvumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamafrikhthi ahlukile, okuholela ezimweni ezinjengezizukulwane ze-harmonic, kanye nesamba kanye nokwehlukana kwezizukulwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nonlinear Optics ifaka izinqubo zepharamitha lapho amandla okukhanya asatshalaliswa kabusha ukuze akhiqize amaza afudumele, njengoba kubonakala ku-parametric amplification kanye ne-oscillation. Enye into ebalulekile ukushintshwa kokuzihlukanisa, lapho isigaba segagasi lokukhanya siguqulwa khona ngamandla saso - umphumela odlala indima ebalulekile ekukhulumisaneni okubonakalayo.

Ukusebenzisana okulula okukhanyayo kulayini kanye nokwenziwa kwe-nonlinear Optics
Ku-LO, lapho ukukhanya kuxhumana ngezinto ezibonakalayo, impendulo yezinto ezibonakalayo ilingana ngqo nobungako bokukhanya. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uNlo ubandakanya izinto eziphendula hhayi kuphela ukuqina kokukhanya, kodwa futhi nasezindleleni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho ukukhanya okuphezulu kwe-lightity kushaya izinto ezingezona ezingezona, kungakhiqiza imibala emisha noma kushintshe ukukhanya ngezindlela ezingejwayelekile. Isibonelo, ukukhanya okubomvu kungaguqulwa kube ukukhanya okuluhlaza ngoba impendulo yokwakha ihilela okungaphezulu koshintsho olulinganayo - kungafaka imvamisa ephindaphindeka noma okunye ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kuziphatha kuholela kusethi eyinkimbinkimbi yemiphumela yamehlo engabonwa ezintweni ezijwayelekile ezilayini.

Izicelo zezinhlelo zokuqonda eziqondile nezingafani
I-LO ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obubanzi obusetshenziswa kabanzi, kufaka phakathi ama-lens, izibuko, amapuleti ama-wave, kanye nokunemba okuxakayo. Inikeza uhlaka olulula nolukhona lokuqonda indlela yokuziphatha yokukhanya ezinhlelweni eziningi zokukhanya. Amadivayisi anjengokuthi abashintshi besigaba kanye nama-splitters e-beam ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ku-Lo, futhi insimu ivele kuze kube yilapho izifunda ze-LA zithole ukuvelela. Le mibuthako manje ibonwa njengamathuluzi asebenza ama-multi-asebenzayo, ngezicelo ezindaweni ezifana ne-microwave kanye ne-quantum optical isiginali ukucubungula kanye nokwakhiwa kwezobuciko be-bioheurististic. UNlo musha futhi ushintshe izinkambu ezahlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa izicelo zayo ezahlukahlukene. Ensimini yokuxhumana ngocingo, idlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ze-fiber optic, ezithinta imikhawulo yokudlulisela idatha njengokwenyuka kwamandla we-laser. Amathuluzi wokuhlaziya ayazuza kusuka ku-Nlo ngokusebenzisa amasu amancane ama-microscopy afana ne-microscopy evuselelayo, enikeza ukulungiswa okuphezulu, ukucabanga okwenziwe endaweni. I-Nlo futhi ithuthukisa ama-lasers ngokunika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwama-lasers amasha nokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo. Kuthuthukise futhi amasu wokucabanga abonakalayo wokusetshenziswa kwemithi ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nesizukulwane sesibili-i-harmonic kanye ne-phoneorescence ezimbili. E-Biophotonics, i-NLO isiza ukucabanga okujulile kwezicubu ezinomonakalo omncane futhi ihlinzeka ngelebula ukuqhathaniswa kwamalebula we-biochemical. Inkambu ine-advanced terartz technology, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza ama-terahertz ama-teraherz asezingeni elingaka. Ku-Quantum Optics, Imiphumela Engelonambamba Ivumela Ukuxhumana kwe-Quantum ngokulungiselela ama-Frequency Conversers kanye nokufana Photon okufanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezintsha zikaNlo ku-Brillouin ezisakazayo zasiza ngokuhlanganiswa kwesigaba se-microwave nokukhanya kwesigaba. Sekukonke, uNlo uyaqhubeka nokucindezela imingcele yezobuchwepheshe kanye nocwaningo ezinsukwini ezahlukahlukene.

I-Linear ne-Nonlinear Optics kanye nemiphumela yazo yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe
I-Optics idlala indima enkulu kuzo zombili izinhlelo zansuku zonke nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile. I-LO inikeza isisekelo sezinhlelo eziningi ezivamile zokukhanya, ngenkathi uNlo eshayela izinto ezintsha ezindaweni ezinjengokuxhumana ngocingo, ama-microscopy, ubuchwepheshe be-laser, nama-biophotonics. Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva ku-Nlo, ikakhulukazi njengoba kuhlobana nezinto zokwenziwa ngezingxenye ezimbili, zithole ukunakwa okuningi ngenxa yezinhlelo zazo ezingaba khona zezimboni nezesayensi. Ososayensi futhi bahlola izinto zanamuhla ezifana namachashazi we-quantum ngokuhlaziywa okulandelanayo kwezakhiwo eziqondile nezingajwayelekile. Njengenqubekela phambili yocwaningo, ukuqonda okuhlangene kweLo no-Nlo kubalulekile ekucindezeleni imingcele yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwandisa amathuba wesayensi ye-Optical.