Amasu okuhlanganisa ama-optical kanye nobudlelwano bawo kuma-chip: isibuyekezo

Amasu okusebenzisa i-optical multiplexing kanye nobudlelwano bawo kuma-on-chip kanyeukuxhumana ngefayibha yokukhanyaisibuyekezo

Amasu okusebenzisa i-optical multiplexing ayisihloko socwaningo esiphuthumayo, futhi izazi emhlabeni wonke zenza ucwaningo olujulile kulo mkhakha. Eminyakeni edlule, ubuchwepheshe obuningi be-multiplex njenge-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), i-mode division multiplexing (MDM), i-space division multiplexing (SDM), i-polarization multiplexing (PDM) kanye ne-orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM) kuye kwaphakanyiswa. Ubuchwepheshe be-Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) buvumela izimpawu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-optical zama-wavelength ahlukene ukuthi zidluliselwe ngesikhathi esisodwa nge-fiber eyodwa, zisebenzisa ngokugcwele izici zokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwe-fiber ebangeni elikhulu le-wavelength. Le mbono yaqala ukuphakanyiswa nguDelange ngo-1970, futhi kwaze kwaba ngo-1977 lapho ucwaningo oluyisisekelo lobuchwepheshe be-WDM lwaqala khona, olwalugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngentuthuko eqhubekayo yei-fiber ebonakalayo, umthombo wokukhanya, umshini wokuthola izithombekanye neminye imikhakha, ukuhlola kwabantu ubuchwepheshe be-WDM nakho kuye kwashesha. Inzuzo ye-polarization multiplexing (PDM) ukuthi inani lokudluliselwa kwesignali lingaphindaphindwa, ngoba izimpawu ezimbili ezizimele zingasatshalaliswa endaweni ye-orthogonal polarization yokukhanya okufanayo, futhi iziteshi ezimbili ze-polarization zihlukaniswe futhi zihlonzwe ngokuzimela ekugcineni kokwamukela.

Njengoba isidingo samazinga aphezulu edatha siqhubeka sikhula, izinga lokugcina lenkululeko ye-multiplexing, isikhala, liye lafundwa ngokujulile eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Phakathi kwazo, i-mode division multiplexing (MDM) ikhiqizwa kakhulu ama-N transmitters, aqashelwa yi-spatial mode multiplexer. Ekugcineni, isignali esekelwa yi-spatial mode idluliselwa ku-fiber ye-low-mode. Ngesikhathi sokusabalala kwesignali, zonke izindlela eziku-wavelength efanayo ziphathwa njengeyunithi ye-Space Division multiplexing (SDM) super channel, okungukuthi ziyakhuliswa, zincishiswe futhi zengezwe ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kokukwazi ukufeza ukucutshungulwa kwemodi ehlukile. Ku-MDM, ama-contour ahlukene endawo (okungukuthi, izimo ezahlukene) zephethini abelwa iziteshi ezahlukene. Isibonelo, isiteshi sithunyelwa phezu komsebe we-laser ome njengonxantathu, isikwele, noma indilinga. Izimo ezisetshenziswa yi-MDM ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zangempela ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zinezici zezibalo nezomzimba ezihlukile. Lobu buchwepheshe bungaba yintuthuko eguquguqukayo kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwedatha ye-fiber optic kusukela ngawo-1980. Ubuchwepheshe be-MDM buhlinzeka ngesu elisha lokusebenzisa iziteshi eziningi nokwandisa umthamo wesixhumanisi kusetshenziswa isithwali se-wavelength esisodwa. I-Orbital angular momentum (OAM) iyisici esibonakalayo samagagasi kagesi lapho indlela yokusabalala inqunywa khona yi-helical phase wavefront. Njengoba lesi sici singasetshenziswa ukusungula iziteshi eziningi ezihlukene, i-wireless orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM) ingakhuphula ngempumelelo izinga lokudlulisa kuma-high-to-point transmissions (njenge-backhaul engenantambo noma phambili).