Amasu wokuphindaphinda we-Optical kanye nomshado wabo we-on-chip: isibuyekezo

Amasu wokuphindaphinda we-Optical kanye nomshado wabo we-on-chip kanyeukuxhumana kwe-fiber optical: isibuyekezo

Amasu okuphindaphinda amehlo ayisihloko socwaningo esiphuthumayo, futhi izifundiswa emhlabeni wonke zenza ucwaningo olunzulu kulo mkhakha. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ubuchwepheshe obuningi be-multiplex obufana ne-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), i-mode division multiplexing (MDM), i-space division multiplexing (SDM), i-polarization multiplexing (PDM) kanye ne-orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM) ihlongozwe. Ubuchwepheshe be-Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) buvumela amasignali optical amabili noma ngaphezulu amaza ahlukene ukuze adluliselwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ngefayibha eyodwa, kusetshenziswa ngokugcwele izici zokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwefiber ebangeni elikhulu lamaza amaza. Ithiyori yahlongozwa okokuqala nguDelange ngo-1970, futhi kwaze kwaba ngu-1977 lapho ucwaningo oluyisisekelo lobuchwepheshe be-WDM lwaqala, olugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, nentuthuko eqhubekayoi-fiber optical, umthombo wokukhanya, i-photodetectorkanye neminye imikhakha, ukuhlola kwabantu ubuchwepheshe be-WDM nakho kuye kwashesha. Inzuzo ye-polarization multiplexing (PDM) ukuthi inani lokudluliswa kwesignali lingaphindaphindeka, ngoba amasignali amabili azimele angasakazwa endaweni ye-orthogonal polarization yokukhanya okufanayo, futhi iziteshi ezimbili ze-polarization zihlukaniswa futhi zikhonjwe ngokuzimela ukuphela kokwamukela.

Njengoba isidingo samazinga aphezulu edatha siqhubeka sikhula, izinga lokugcina lenkululeko yokuphindaphinda, isikhala, liye lacwaningwa ngokujulile kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Phakathi kwazo, i-mode division multiplexing (MDM) ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ama-N transmitters, atholwa nge-spatial mode multiplexer. Ekugcineni, isignali esekelwe imodi yendawo idluliselwa ku-fiber yemodi ephansi. Ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa kwesignali, zonke izindlela ezikubude beza obufanayo ziphathwa njengeyunithi yesiteshi esikhulu se-Space Division multiplexing (SDM), okungukuthi ziyakhuliswa, zincishiswe futhi zengezwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaphandle kokukwazi ukufeza ukucubungula kwemodi ehlukene. Ku-MDM, amakhonco ahlukene wendawo (okungukuthi, umumo ohlukene) wephethini abelwa amashaneli ahlukene. Isibonelo, isiteshi sithunyelwa phezu kwe-laser beam emise okonxantathu, isikwele, noma indilinga. Izimo ezisetshenziswa yi-MDM ezinhlelweni zomhlaba wangempela ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zinezici ezihlukile zezibalo nezomzimba. Lobu buchwepheshe ngokungangabazeki buyimpumelelo eguquguqukayo kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwedatha ye-fiber optic kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Ubuchwepheshe be-MDM buhlinzeka ngesu elisha lokuqalisa iziteshi eziningi futhi kwandiswe umthamo wokuxhumanisa usebenzisa umthwali we-wavelength eyodwa. I-Orbital angular momentum (OAM) iyisici esingokomzimba samaza kazibuthe kagesi lapho indlela yokusabalalisa inqunywa i-wavefront yesigaba se-helical. Njengoba lesi sici singasetshenziswa ukusungula amashaneli amaningi ahlukene, i-wireless orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM) ingakhuphula ngempumelelo izinga lokudlulisela kuma-high-to-point transmissions (okufana nokubuyela emuva okungenantambo noma phambili).