Izingxenye ezibonakalayobheka izingxenye eziyinhloko zeizinhlelo zokubonaezisebenzisa izimiso zokukhanya ukuze zenze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene njengokubuka, ukulinganisa, ukuhlaziya nokuqopha, ukucubungula ulwazi, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yesithombe, ukudluliselwa kwamandla nokuguqulwa, futhi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezingxenye eziyinhloko zezinsimbi zokukhanya, imikhiqizo yokubonisa izithombe, kanye namadivayisi okugcina ukukhanya. Ngokusho kokunemba nokusetshenziswa kwesigaba, ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye zokukhanya zendabuko kanye nezingxenye zokukhanya ezinembile. Izingxenye zokukhanya zendabuko zisetshenziswa kakhulu kukhamera yendabuko, iteleskopu, imakroskopu kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokukhanya yendabuko; Izingxenye zokukhanya ezinembile zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumafoni ahlakaniphile, amaphrojektha, amakhamera edijithali, amakhamera ekhamera, ama-photocopier, izinsimbi zokukhanya, imishini yezokwelapha kanye namalensi ahlukahlukene okukhanya anembile.
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza, amafoni ahlakaniphile, amakhamera edijithali kanye neminye imikhiqizo kuye kwaba imikhiqizo ebalulekile yabathengi kancane kancane kubahlali, okuqhuba imikhiqizo ye-optical ukwandisa izidingo zokunemba kwezingxenye ze-optical.
Ngokombono wensimu yesicelo sezingxenye ze-optical zomhlaba wonke, amafoni ahlakaniphile namakhamera edijithali yizona zinhlelo zokusebenza zezingxenye ze-optical ezibaluleke kakhulu. Isidingo sokuqapha ukuphepha, amakhamera ezimoto, kanye namakhaya ahlakaniphile siphinde sabeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokucaca kwekhamera, okungagcini nje ngokwandisa isidingo seukukhanyaifilimu yelensi yamakhamera anencazelo ephezulu, kodwa futhi ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yendabuko yokumboza optical ibe yimikhiqizo yokumboza optical enemiphumela yenzuzo ephezulu.
Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni
① umkhuba oshintshayo wesakhiwo somkhiqizo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezingxenye ze-optical ezinembile kuncike ezinguqukweni zesidingo somkhiqizo ongezansi. Izingxenye ze-optical zisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-optoelectronic efana namaphrojektha, amakhamera edijithali kanye nezinsimbi ze-optimal ezinembile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthandwa okusheshayo kwamafoni ahlakaniphile, imboni yamakhamera edijithali iyonke ingene enkathini yokwehla, futhi isabelo sayo semakethe siye sathathelwa indawo kancane kancane amafoni amakhamera anencazelo ephezulu. Igagasi lamadivayisi agqokwayo ahlakaniphile aholwa yi-Apple libe usongo olubulalayo emikhiqizweni yendabuko ye-optoelectronic eJapane.
Sekukonke, ukukhula okusheshayo kwesidingo semikhiqizo yokuphepha, izimoto, kanye nama-smartphone kuye kwaholela ekulungisweni kwesakhiwo semboni yezingxenye ze-optical. Ngokulungiswa kwesakhiwo somkhiqizo ongezansi semboni ye-photoelectric, imboni yezingxenye ze-optical esezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo zeketanga lezimboni nakanjani izoshintsha indlela yokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ilungise isakhiwo somkhiqizo, futhi isondele ezimbonini ezintsha ezifana namafoni ahlakaniphile, izinhlelo zokuphepha, kanye namalensi ezimoto.
②Ushintsho lokushintsha kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe
Isikhumuloimikhiqizo ye-optoelectronicziyathuthuka zibheke kumaphikseli aphezulu, amancane futhi ashibhile, okubeka phambili izidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu zezingxenye ze-optical. Ukuze zivumelane nezitayela zomkhiqizo ezinjalo, izingxenye ze-optical zishintshile ngokwezinto zokwakha kanye nezinqubo zobuchwepheshe.
(1) Amalensi e-optical aspherical ayatholakala
Ukuthwebula izithombe zelensi eziyisiyingi kunokuphazamiseka, kulula ukubangela ubukhali kanye nokuguquguquka kwamaphutha, ilensi eyisiyingi ingathola ikhwalithi engcono yokuthwebula izithombe, ilungise ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene, ithuthukise ikhono lokuhlonza uhlelo. Ingathatha indawo yezingxenye eziningi zelensi eziyindilinga ngengxenye eyodwa noma eziningana zelensi eyisiyingi, yenze kube lula ukwakheka kwethuluzi futhi inciphise izindleko. Isibuko esivamile esisetshenziswa njengepharaboliki, isibuko se-hyperboloid kanye nesibuko esi-elliptic.
(2) Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwepulasitiki ebonakalayo
Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zezingxenye ze-optical ikakhulukazi ingilazi ye-optical, futhi ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, amapulasitiki e-optical athuthuke ngokushesha. Izinto zengilazi ye-optical zendabuko zibiza kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nokucubungula kabusha buyinkimbinkimbi, futhi isivuno asiphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi ye-optical, amapulasitiki e-optical anezici ezinhle zenqubo yokubumba ipulasitiki, isisindo esincane, izindleko eziphansi nezinye izinzuzo, futhi asetshenziswe kabanzi ezithombeni, ezindizeni, ezempi, ezokwelapha, emasikweni nasemfundweni yezinsimbi zokukhanya zomphakathi kanye nemishini.
Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwelensi ye-optical, zonke izinhlobo zamalensi namalensi zinemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, engakhiwa ngqo ngenqubo yokubumba, ngaphandle kokugaya okujwayelekile, ukugaya kahle, ukupholisha nezinye izinqubo, ezifanele kakhulu izingxenye ze-aspherical optical. Esinye isici sokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki ye-optical ukuthi ilensi ingakhiwa ngqo ngesakhiwo sohlaka, okwenza inqubo yokuhlanganisa ibe lula, kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa futhi kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinyibilikisi ziye zasetshenziswa ukusabalala zibe amapulasitiki okukhanya ukushintsha inkomba yokukhanya kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokulawula izici zomkhiqizo kusukela esigabeni sezinto zokusetshenziswa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izakhamuzi zasekhaya nazo zaqala ukunaka ukusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamapulasitiki okukhanya, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwazo buye bandiswa kusukela ezingxenyeni ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo kuya ezinhlelweni zokubona izithombe, abakhiqizi basekhaya ohlelweni lokukhanya oluzimele ngokwengxenye noma ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki okukhanya esikhundleni sengilazi yokukhanya. Esikhathini esizayo, uma amaphutha afana nokuzinza okubi, inkomba yokukhanya ishintsha ngokushisa, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka okubi kunganqotshwa, ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki okukhanya emkhakheni wezingxenye ezibonakalayo kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-05-2024