Ubuchwepheshe bomthombo we-Laser wei-fiber opticalukuzwa Ingxenye Yokuqala
Ubuchwepheshe be-Optical fibre sensing wuhlobo lobuchwepheshe benzwa obuthuthukiswe kanye nobuchwepheshe befiber optical kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana nge-fiber optical, futhi sebube ngelinye lamagatsha asebenza kakhulu obuchwepheshe be-photoelectric. I-Optical fibre sensing system ikakhulukazi yakhiwe nge-laser, i-transmission fibre, i-sensing element noma indawo yokushintshashintsha, ukubona ukukhanya nezinye izingxenye. Amapharamitha achaza izici zegagasi lokukhanya ahlanganisa ukushuba, ubude begagasi, isigaba, isimo se-polarization, njll. Le mingcele ingase ishintshwe imithelela yangaphandle ekudlulisweni kwe-fiber optical. Isibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa, ubunzima, ukucindezela, okwamanje, ukugudluka, ukudlidliza, ukuzungezisa, ukugoba kanye nenani lamakhemikhali kuthinta indlela yokubona, le mingcele ishintsha ngokuhambisanayo. I-Optical fibre sensing isekelwe ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwala mapharamitha nezinto zangaphandle ukuze kutholwe ubuningi bomzimba obuhambisanayo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zeumthombo we-laseresetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuzwa i-fiber optical, ezingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: ezihambisanayoimithombo laserkanye nemithombo yokukhanya engahambelani, engahlanganiimithombo yokukhanyaikakhulukazi ihlanganisa ukukhanya kwe-incandescent nama-diode akhipha ukukhanya, kanye nemithombo yokukhanya ehambisanayo ihlanganisa ama-laser aqinile, ama-laser oketshezi, ama-laser egesi,I-semiconductor laserfuthii-fiber laser. Okulandelayo ikakhulukazi okwe-umthombo wokukhanya we-laserisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wenzwa yefayibha eminyakeni yakamuva: ububanzi bomugqa omncane we-single-frequency laser, i-single-wavelength sweep frequency laser ne-laser emhlophe.
1.1 Izidingo zobubanzi bomugqa obuncaneimithombo yokukhanya kwe-laser
Isistimu yokuzwa i-fiber optical ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa kusukela kumthombo we-laser, njengoba igagasi lokukhanya lenkampani yesiphakeli esilinganisiwe, umthombo wokukhanya we-laser usebenza ngokwawo, njengokuzinza kwamandla, ububanzi bomugqa we-laser, umsindo wesigaba namanye amapharamitha ebangeni lokutholwa kwesistimu yenzwa ye-fiber optical, ukutholwa. ukunemba, ukuzwela kanye nezici zomsindo kudlala indima ebalulekile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-optical fiber sensing zamabanga amade, izifundiswa nezimboni ziye zabeka phambili izidingo eziqinile zokusebenza komugqa womugqa we-laser miniaturization, ikakhulukazi: kubuchwepheshe be-optical frequency domain reflection (OFDR) busebenzisa ukuhambisana. ubuchwepheshe bokuthola ukuhlaziya amasiginali ahlakazekile e-backrayleigh yama-optical fibers kusizinda samafrikhwensi, ngokufaka okubanzi (izinkulungwane zamamitha). Izinzuzo zokulungiswa okuphezulu (ukulungiswa kwezinga le-millimeter) nokuzwela okuphezulu (kufika ku- -100 dBm) kube obunye bobuchwepheshe obunamathemba okusebenza abanzi ekulinganisweni kwe-fiber optical esabalalisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe benzwa. Umnyombo wobuchwepheshe be-OFDR ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya oguqulekayo ukuze uzuze ukushuna kwefrikhwensi yokubona, ngakho ukusebenza komthombo we-laser kunquma izici ezibalulekile ezifana nobubanzi bokutholwa kwe-OFDR, ukuzwela nokuxazululwa. Uma ibanga lephoyinti lokubonisa liseduze nobude bokuhambisana, ukushuba kwesiginali yebhithi kuzoncishiswa ngokuphawulekayo yi-coefficient τ/τc. Kumthombo wokukhanya we-Gaussian onomumo we-spectral, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imvamisa yebhithi inokubonakala okungaphezu kuka-90%, ubudlelwano phakathi kobubanzi bomugqa womthombo wokukhanya kanye nobude bezinzwa obukhulu obungafinyelelwa yisistimu yi-Lmax~0.04vg /f, okusho ukuthi ku-fiber enobude obungama-80 km, ububanzi bomugqa womthombo wokukhanya bungaphansi kuka-100 Hz. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza nakho kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zobubanzi bomugqa womthombo wokukhanya. Isibonelo, kusistimu ye-fiber hydrophone ye-optical, ububanzi bomugqa bomthombo wokukhanya bunquma umsindo wesistimu futhi bunquma isignali encane elinganisekayo yesistimu. Ku-Brillouin optical time domain reflector (BOTDR), ukulungiswa kokulinganisa kwezinga lokushisa nokucindezeleka kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ububanzi bomugqa bomthombo wokukhanya. Ku-resonator fiber optic gyro, ubude bokuhambisana kwegagasi lokukhanya bungandiswa ngokunciphisa ububanzi bomugqa womthombo wokukhanya, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukujula nokujula kwe-resonance ye-resonator, ukunciphisa ububanzi bomugqa we-resonator, nokuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa. ukunemba kwe-fiber optic gyro.
1.2 Izimfuneko zokushanela imithombo ye-laser
I-laser ye-wavelength sweep eyodwa inokusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwe-wavelength, ingangena esikhundleni sama-lasers we-wavelength ephumayo amaningi, yehlise izindleko zokwakhiwa kwesistimu, iyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokuzwa i-fiber optical. Isibonelo, ekutholeni i-gas fibre sensing, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagesi zineziqongo ezihlukene zokumuncwa kwegesi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumuncwa kahle kokukhanya lapho igesi yokulinganisa yanele futhi kufinyelelwa ukuzwela kokulinganisa okuphezulu, kuyadingeka ukuvumelanisa ubude begagasi bomthombo wokukhanya wokudlulisela kanye nenani eliphakeme lokumuncwa le-molecule yegesi. Uhlobo lwegesi olungatholwa lunqunywa ngokuyisisekelo ubude begagasi bomthombo wokukhanya wenzwa. Ngakho-ke, ama-lases anobubanzi obuncane bomugqa asebenza ngokuzinzile kwe-broadband tuning anokuguquguquka okuphezulu kokulinganisa kumasistimu enzwa anjalo. Isibonelo, kwamanye amasistimu enzwa we-fiber optical asabalalisiwe asekelwe ekukhanyeni kwesizinda se-optical frequency, i-laser idinga ukushanelwa ngokushesha ukuze ithole ukunemba okuphezulu okuhambisanayo nokwehliswa kwamasignali abonakalayo, ukuze izinga lokumodulisa lomthombo we-laser linezidingo eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. , futhi isivinini sokushanela se-laser eguquguqukayo ngokuvamile sidingeka ukuze sifinyelele ku-10 pm/μs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-wavelength ye-laser enwebekayo yomugqa wobubanzi obuncane ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ku-liDAR, inzwa yerimothi ye-laser nokuhlaziywa kwe-spectral yokulungiswa okuphezulu nezinye izinkambu zokuzwa. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamapharamitha wokusebenza okuphezulu wokushuna komkhawulokudonsa, ukunemba kokushuna kanye nesivinini sokushuna sama-lases ane-wavelength eyodwa emkhakheni wokuzwa i-fiber, umgomo usuwonke wokutadisha ama-laser e-fiber anobubanzi obuncane obunyakaziswayo eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuzuza izinga eliphezulu- ukushuna okunembayo ebangeni elikhudlwana lamaza ngesisekelo sokulandela ububanzi bomugqa we-laser omncane kakhulu, umsindo wesigaba esiphansi kakhulu, kanye nefrikhwensi yokuphuma okuzinzile namandla.
1.3 Isidingo somthombo wokukhanya kwelaser emhlophe
Emkhakheni we-optical sensing, i-laser yokukhanya emhlophe yekhwalithi ephezulu ibaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu. Lapho i-spectrum ebanzi ye-laser ekhanyayo emhlophe, yilapho isetshenziswa kabanzi ohlelweni lokuzwa i-fiber optical. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) ukuze kwakhiwe inethiwekhi yezinzwa, ukuhlaziya okubonakalayo noma indlela yokufanisa isihlungi esilungisekayo ingase isetshenziselwe ukudilizwa. Eyangaphambili ibisebenzisa i-spectrometer ukuze ihlole ngokuqondile ubude begagasi obuzwakalayo be-FBG kunethiwekhi. Lesi sakamuva sisebenzisa isihlungi sereferensi ukuze silandelele futhi silinganise i-FBG kuzinzwa, zombili ezidinga umthombo wokukhanya we-broadband njengomthombo wokukhanya wokuhlola we-FBG. Ngenxa yokuthi inethiwekhi ngayinye yokufinyelela ku-FBG izoba nokulahlekelwa okuthile kokufaka, futhi inomkhawulokudonsa ongaphezu kuka-0.1 nm, ukudilizwa ngasikhathi sinye kwe-FBG eminingi kudinga umthombo wokukhanya we-broadband onamandla aphezulu kanye nomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-long period fibre grating (LPFG) ukuzwa, njengoba umkhawulokudonsa wesiqongo sokulahlekelwa okukodwa ukuhleleka kuka-10 nm, umthombo wokukhanya obanzi onomkhawulokudonsa owanele kanye ne-spectrum eyisicaba kuyadingeka ukuze uphawule ngokunembile ukuzwakala kwayo. izici eziphezulu. Ikakhulukazi, i-acoustic fibre grating (AIFG) eyakhiwe kusetshenziswa umphumela we-acousto-optical ingafinyelela uhla lokushuna lwe-wavelength ezwakalayo efika ku-1000 nm ngokusebenzisa ukushuna kukagesi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola okuguquguqukayo kwe-grating okunobubanzi obunjalo bokushuna obubanzi kakhulu kubangela inselele enkulu kububanzi bomkhawulokudonsa womthombo wokukhanya obanzi. Ngokufanayo, eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-bragg fibre grating etshekile nayo isetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni we-fiber sensing. Ngenxa yezici zayo ze-multi-peak loss spectrum, ububanzi bokusabalalisa ubude begagasi ngokuvamile lungafinyelela ku-40 nm. Indlela yayo yokuzwa ngokuvamile iwukuqhathanisa ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kweziqongo zokudlulisela okuningi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukala i-spectrum yokudlulisela kwayo ngokuphelele. Umkhawulokudonsa namandla omthombo wokukhanya we-spectrum ebanzi kuyadingeka ukuze ube phezulu.
2. Isimo socwaningo ekhaya naphesheya
2.1 Umthombo wokukhanya we-laser ongububanzi bomugqa obuncane
2.1.1 Isemiconductor enobubanzi obuncane bomugqa esabalalisiwe nge-laser yempendulo
Ngo-2006, uCliche et al. yehlisa isikali se-MHz se-semiconductorI-DFB laser(i-laser yempendulo esabalalisiwe ) kusikali se-kHz kusetshenziswa indlela yempendulo kagesi; Ngo-2011, uKessler et al. kusetshenziswe izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-crystal cavity eyodwa kuhlanganiswe nokulawulwa kwempendulo esebenzayo ukuze kutholwe ukuphuma kwe-laser yobubanzi obuncane obungu-40 MHz; Ngo-2013, u-Peng et al uthole ukukhishwa kwe-laser ye-semiconductor enobubanzi bomugqa we-15 kHz ngokusebenzisa indlela yokulungiswa kwempendulo ye-Fabry-Perot (FP) yangaphandle. Indlela yempendulo kagesi yayisebenzisa ngokuyinhloko impendulo yokuqinisa imvamisa ye-Pond-Drever-Hall ukuze kwenziwe ububanzi bomugqa we-laser bomthombo wokukhanya buncishiswe. Ngo-2010, uBernhardi et al. ikhiqize u-1 cm we-erbium-doped alumina FBG ku-silicon oxide substrate ukuze kutholwe ukuphuma kwe-laser ngobubanzi bomugqa obungaba ngu-1.7 kHz. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uLiang et al. isebenzise impendulo yokuzijova ye-Rayleigh esakaza emuva eyakhiwe i-high-Q echo wall resonator yokuminyanisa kobubanzi bomugqa we-semiconductor laser, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, futhi ekugcineni ithole ukukhishwa kwe-laser yobubanzi obuyi-160 Hz.
Umdwebo 1 (a) Umdwebo wokuminyanisa kobubanzi bomugqa we-semiconductor laser osuselwe ekuzijovweni kwe-Rayleigh esakazwayo seresonator yemodi yegalari ehlebayo yangaphandle;
(b) I-spectrum yefrikhwensi ye-laser ye-semiconductor esebenza mahhala enobubanzi obungu-8 MHz;
(c) I-spectrum yefrikhwensi ye-laser enobubanzi bomugqa obucindezelwe ukuya ku-160 Hz
2.1.2 I-laser yefibre enobubanzi obuncane bomugqa
Kuma-lasers we-cavity fiber fibers, ukuphuma kwe-laser yobubanzi obuyingcingo bemodi eyodwa ye-longitudinal kutholakala ngokufinyeza ubude be-resonator nokwandisa isikhawu semodi ye-longitudinal. Ngo-2004, uSpiegelberg et al. ithole imodi ye-longitudinal eyodwa ekhipha i-laser yobubanzi obuyingcingo enobubanzi bomugqa obungu-2 kHz ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-DBR yesikhala esifushane. Ngo-2007, uShen et al. isebenzise i-silicon fiber engu-2 cm kakhulu ye-erbium-doped ukuze ibhale i-FBG ku-Bi-Ge co-doped photosensitive fiber, futhi yayihlanganisa nefayibha esebenzayo ukuze kwakhe umgodi ohlangene womugqa, okwenza ububanzi bomugqa wayo ophumayo we-laser ube ngaphansi kuka-1 kHz. Ngo-2010, u-Yang et al. kusetshenziswe umgodi womugqa omfushane ongu-2cm ohlanganiswe kakhulu nebhande elincane le-FBG ukuze kutholwe ukuphuma kwe-laser yemodi yobude eyodwa enobubanzi bomugqa obungaphansi kuka-2 kHz. Ngo-2014, ithimba lasebenzisa i-cavity emfushane yomugqa (i-virtual ring resonator egoqiwe) ehlanganiswe nesihlungi se-FBG-FP ukuze kutholwe ukuphuma kwe-laser ngobubanzi bomugqa omncane, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Ngo-2012, uCai et al. isebenzise isakhiwo somgodi omfushane esingu-1.4cm ukuze kutholwe okukhiphayo kwe-laser ehlukanisayo enamandla amakhulu kuno-114 mW, ubude begagasi obumaphakathi obungu-1540.3 nm, nobubanzi bomugqa obungu-4.1 kHz. Ngo-2013, uMeng et al. kusetshenziswe i-Brillouin yokusakazwa kwefayibha ye-erbium-doped enembobo yendandatho emfushane yedivayisi egcina ukuchema egcwele ukuze kutholwe imodi yobude obubodwa, ukuphuma kwe-laser yomsindo wesigaba esiphansi namandla okukhiphayo angu-10 mW. Ngo-2015, ithimba lasebenzisa umgodi wendandatho ohlanganiswe nefayibha eyi-erbium-doped engu-45 cm njenge-Brillouin scattering gain medium ukuze kutholwe i-threshold ephansi kanye nokuphumayo kwelaser ewububanzi obuncane bomugqa.
Umfanekiso wesi-2 (a) Umdwebo we-SLC fiber laser;
(b) Ukuma komugqa wesignali ye-heterodyne kukalwa ngokulibaziseka kwefayibha okungu-97.6 km
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-20-2023