Ubuchwepheshe bomthombo we-laser bei-fiber ebonakalayoIngxenye Yokuqala Yokuzwa
Ubuchwepheshe bokubona i-optical fiber luhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokubona obuthuthukiswe kanye nobuchwepheshe be-optical fiber kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-optical fiber, futhi sebube ngelinye lamagatsha asebenza kakhulu obuchwepheshe be-photoelectric. Uhlelo lokubona i-optical fiber luqukethe kakhulu i-laser, i-transmission fiber, i-sensing element noma indawo yokushintshashintsha, ukutholwa kokukhanya nezinye izingxenye. Amapharamitha achaza izici zamagagasi okukhanya afaka phakathi ukuqina, ubude be-wavelength, isigaba, isimo se-polarization, njll. La mapharamitha angashintshwa yithonya langaphandle ekudlulisweni kwe-optical fiber. Isibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa, ukucindezeleka, ingcindezi, ugesi, ukuhambahamba, ukudlidliza, ukujikeleza, ukugoba kanye nobuningi bamakhemikhali kuthinta indlela ye-optical, la mapharamitha ashintsha ngokufanele. Ukubona i-optical fiber kusekelwe ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwala mapharamitha nezici zangaphandle ukuthola inani elifanele elibonakalayo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-umthombo we-laserisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuzwa i-optical fiber, ezingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ezihambisanayoimithombo ye-laserkanye nemithombo yokukhanya engavumelani, engavumelaniimithombo yokukhanyaikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ukukhanya kwe-incandescent kanye nama-diode akhipha ukukhanya, kanti imithombo yokukhanya ehambisanayo ihlanganisa ama-lasers aqinile, ama-lasers aketshezi, ama-lasers egesi,i-laser ye-semiconductorfuthii-fiber laserOkulandelayo kungokwe-umthombo wokukhanya we-laserisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokuzwa ifayibha eminyakeni yamuva nje: i-laser encane enobubanzi bomugqa owodwa, i-laser ye-sweep frequency yobude obungu-1 kanye ne-laser emhlophe.
1.1 Izidingo zobubanzi bomugqa obuncaneimithombo yokukhanya kwe-laser
Uhlelo lokuzwa i-fiber optical alunakuhlukaniswa nomthombo we-laser, njengoba igagasi lokukhanya elilinganisiwe lomthwali wesignali, umthombo wokukhanya we-laser ngokwawo ukusebenza, njengokuqina kwamandla, ububanzi bomugqa we-laser, umsindo wesigaba kanye neminye imingcele ohlelweni lokuzwa i-fiber optical ibanga lokuthola, ukunemba kokuthola, ukuzwela kanye nezici zomsindo kudlala indima ebalulekile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuzwa i-fiber optical ezinesinqumo esiphezulu kakhulu, izazi kanye nezimboni zibeke phambili izidingo eziqinile zokusebenza kobubanzi bomugqa we-laser miniaturization, ikakhulukazi ku: ubuchwepheshe be-optical frequency domain reflection (OFDR) busebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuthola obuhlangene ukuhlaziya izimpawu ezihlakazekile ze-backrayleigh ze-fiber optical kusizinda semvamisa, ngokumbozwa okubanzi (izinkulungwane zamamitha). Izinzuzo zesinqumo esiphezulu (isinqumo sezinga le-millimeter) kanye nokuzwela okuphezulu (kufika ku--100 dBm) kube ngenye yezobuchwepheshe ezinamathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa i-fiber optical kanye nokuzwela okusatshalaliswa. Ingqikithi yobuchwepheshe be-OFDR ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya olungisekayo ukuze kufezwe ukulungiswa kwemvamisa yokukhanya, ngakho ukusebenza komthombo we-laser kunquma izici ezibalulekile njengobubanzi bokuthola i-OFDR, ukuzwela kanye nesinqumo. Uma ibanga lephuzu lokubonisa liseduze nobude bokuhambisana, ukuqina kwesignali yokushaya kuzoncishiswa kakhulu yi-coefficient τ/τc. Kumthombo wokukhanya we-Gaussian onesimo se-spectral, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imvamisa yokushaya inokubonakala okungaphezu kuka-90%, ubudlelwano phakathi kobubanzi bomugqa womthombo wokukhanya kanye nobude obukhulu bokuzwa obungafinyelelwa uhlelo yi-Lmax~0.04vg/f, okusho ukuthi ku-fiber enobude obungamakhilomitha angu-80, ububanzi bomugqa womthombo wokukhanya bungaphansi kuka-100 Hz. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza nakho kubeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme zobubanzi bomugqa womthombo wokukhanya. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lwe-hydrophone ye-fiber optical, ububanzi bomugqa womthombo wokukhanya bunquma umsindo wesistimu futhi bunquma nesignali encane elinganiswayo yesistimu. Ku-Brillouin optical time domain reflector (BOTDR), isinqumo sokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kanye nokucindezeleka sinqunywa kakhulu ububanzi bomugqa womthombo wokukhanya. Ku-resonator fiber optic gyro, ubude bokuhambisana kwegagasi lokukhanya bungandiswa ngokunciphisa ububanzi bomugqa womthombo wokukhanya, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubuncane kanye nokujula kwe-resonance kwe-resonator, kuncishiswe ububanzi bomugqa we-resonator, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokulinganisa kwe-fiber optic gyro.
1.2 Izidingo zemithombo ye-sweep laser
I-laser yokushefa ubude obude obuyi-single ine-flexible wavelength tuning performance, ingathatha indawo yama-laser amaningi aqinile we-wavelength, inciphise izindleko zokwakhiwa kwesistimu, iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuzwa i-optical fiber. Isibonelo, ekuzweleni i-trace gas fiber, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagesi zineziqongo ezihlukene zokumuncwa kwegesi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kokukhanya lapho igesi yokulinganisa yanele futhi kufezwe ukuzwela okuphezulu kokulinganisa, kubalulekile ukuvumelanisa ubude bokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya wokudlulisa ne-absorption peak ye-molecule yegesi. Uhlobo lwegesi olungatholakala lunqunywa ngokuyisisekelo ubude bokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya ozwayo. Ngakho-ke, ama-laser amancane anobubanzi obuqinile bokushuba kwe-broadband anokuguquguquka okuphezulu kokulinganisa ezinhlelweni ezinjalo zokuzwa. Isibonelo, kwezinye izinhlelo zokuzwa i-optical fiber ezisatshalaliswe ngokusekelwe ekubukeni kwesizinda semvamisa ye-optical, i-laser idinga ukushefa ngokushesha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kufezwe ukutholwa okuqondile okuphezulu kanye nokususwa kwezimpawu zokukhanya, ngakho-ke izinga lokuguqulwa komthombo we-laser linezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu, futhi ijubane lokushefa le-laser elungisekayo livame ukudingeka ukuze lifike ku-10 pm/μs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-laser yobubanzi obuncane obulungisekayo obungaguqulwa ubude besikhathi ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ku-liDAR, ukuzwela okukude kwe-laser kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-spectral enesinqumo esiphezulu kanye nezinye izinkambu zokuzwa. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamapharamitha okusebenza okuphezulu kobubanzi be-tuning, ukunemba kokulungisa kanye nesivinini sokulungisa sama-laser angama-single-wavelength emkhakheni wokuzwa kwefayibha, umgomo ojwayelekile wokutadisha ama-laser efayibha anobubanzi obuncane obulungisekayo eminyakeni yamuva nje ukufeza ukuzwela okunembile kakhulu ebangeni elikhulu le-wavelength ngokusekelwe ekulandeleni ububanzi be-laser obuncane kakhulu, umsindo wesigaba ophansi kakhulu, kanye nemvamisa yokukhipha eqinile kakhulu namandla.
1.3 Isidingo somthombo wokukhanya we-laser omhlophe
Emkhakheni wokuzwa kokukhanya, i-laser yokukhanya okumhlophe esezingeni eliphezulu ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kohlelo. Uma ukumbozwa kwe-laser yokukhanya okumhlophe kubanzi, kulapho ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubanzi khona ohlelweni lokuzwa kokukhanya kwe-fiber optical. Isibonelo, uma kusetshenziswa i-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) ukwakha inethiwekhi yenzwa, ukuhlaziywa kwe-spectral noma indlela yokufanisa isihlungi elungisekayo ingasetshenziswa ukuze kususwe ukukhanya. Eyokuqala isebenzise i-spectrometer ukuhlola ngokuqondile ubude be-wavelength ngayinye ye-FBG ephendulayo kunethiwekhi. Eyokugcina isebenzisa isihlungi sokubhekisela ukulandelela nokulinganisa i-FBG ekuzweleni, kokubili okudinga umthombo wokukhanya we-broadband njengomthombo wokukhanya wokuhlola we-FBG. Ngenxa yokuthi inethiwekhi ngayinye yokufinyelela ye-FBG izoba nokulahlekelwa okuthile kokufakwa, futhi ine-bandwidth engaphezu kuka-0.1 nm, ukususwa kokukhanya kwe-FBG eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa kudinga umthombo wokukhanya we-broadband onamandla aphezulu kanye ne-bandwidth ephezulu. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-long period fiber grating (LPFG) yokuzwa, njengoba i-bandwidth ye-single loss peak ingama-10 nm, kudingeka umthombo wokukhanya we-wide spectrum one-bandwidth eyanele kanye ne-spectrum eyisicaba ukuze kuchazwe ngokunembile izici zayo ze-resonant peak. Ikakhulukazi, i-acoustic fiber grating (AIFG) eyakhiwe ngokusebenzisa umphumela we-acousto-optical ingafinyelela ububanzi bokuhlela ubude be-resonant obufika ku-1000 nm ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kukagesi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-dynamic grating okunobubanzi obunjalo bokuzwa obubanzi kakhulu kuletha inselele enkulu ebangeni le-bandwidth lomthombo wokukhanya we-wide-spectrum. Ngokufanayo, eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-tilted Bragg fiber grating nayo isetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wokuzwa i-fiber. Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ze-multi-peak loss spectrum, ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa kwe-wavelength ngokuvamile bungafinyelela ku-40 nm. Indlela yayo yokuzwa ivame ukuqhathanisa ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kweziqongo eziningi zokudlulisa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukala i-transmission spectrum yayo ngokuphelele. I-bandwidth namandla omthombo wokukhanya we-wide spectrum kudingeka abe phezulu.
2. Isimo socwaningo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
2.1 Umthombo wokukhanya we-laser obanzi ngomugqa omncane
2.1.1 I-laser yempendulo esabalalisiwe ye-semiconductor enobubanzi obuncane
Ngo-2006, uCliche nabanye banciphisa isikali se-MHz se-semiconductorI-laser ye-DFB(i-laser yempendulo esabalalisiwe) kuya esikalini se-kHz kusetshenziswa indlela yempendulo kagesi; Ngo-2011, uKessler nabanye basebenzise izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu kwe-single crystal cavity kuhlanganiswe nokulawula impendulo esebenzayo ukuthola umphumela we-laser we-linewidth ongu-40 MHz; Ngo-2013, uPeng nabanye bathola umphumela we-laser we-semiconductor onobubanzi bomugqa ongu-15 kHz ngokusebenzisa indlela yokulungiswa kwempendulo yangaphandle ye-Fabry-Perot (FP). Indlela yempendulo kagesi isebenzise kakhulu impendulo yokuzinza kwemvamisa ye-Pond-Drever-Hall ukuze kuncishiswe ububanzi bomugqa we-laser womthombo wokukhanya. Ngo-2010, uBernhardi nabanye bakhiqize i-1 cm ye-erbium-doped alumina FBG ku-substrate ye-silicon oxide ukuze bathole umphumela we-laser onobubanzi bomugqa obungaba ngu-1.7 kHz. Ngonyaka ofanayo, uLiang nabanye. basebenzise impendulo yokuzijova yokusabalalisa kwe-Rayleigh emuva okwakhiwa yi-high-Q echo wall resonator yokucindezela ububanzi bomugqa we-laser we-semiconductor, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, futhi ekugcineni bathola umphumela omncane we-laser wobubanzi bomugqa ongu-160 Hz.
Isithombe 1 (a) Umdwebo wokucindezela kobubanzi be-laser ye-semiconductor ngokusekelwe ekusakazeni kwe-Rayleigh kokuzijova kwe-resonator yemodi yegalari yangaphandle ehlebayo;
(b) I-frequency spectrum ye-laser ye-semiconductor esebenza mahhala enobubanzi bomugqa obungu-8 MHz;
(c) I-frequency spectrum ye-laser enobubanzi bomugqa obucindezelwe ku-160 Hz
2.1.2 I-laser yefayibha enobubanzi obuncane
Kuma-laser e-linear cavity fiber, umphumela we-laser obanzi we-single longitudinal mode utholakala ngokufinyeza ubude be-resonator nokwandisa isikhawu se-longitudinal mode. Ngo-2004, uSpiegelberg nabanye bathola umphumela we-single longitudinal mode narrow linewidth laser one-linewidth engu-2 kHz ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-DBR short cavity. Ngo-2007, uShen nabanye basebenzisa i-silicon fiber ene-erbium-doped engu-2 cm kakhulu ukuze babhale i-FBG ku-Bi-Ge co-doped photosensitive fiber, futhi bayihlanganisa ne-active fiber ukuze bakhe i-compact linear cavity, okwenza ububanzi bayo bomugqa wokukhipha we-laser bube ngaphansi kwe-1 kHz. Ngo-2010, uYang nabanye basebenzisa i-2cm highly doped linear cavity ehlanganiswe nesihlungi se-FBG esine-narrowband ukuze bathole umphumela we-single longitudinal mode laser one-linewidth engu-2 kHz. Ngo-2014, ithimba lisebenzise i-cavity emfushane eqondile (i-resonator yendandatho egoqiwe ebonakalayo) ehlanganiswe nesihlungi se-FBG-FP ukuthola umphumela we-laser onobubanzi bomugqa obuncane, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 3. Ngo-2012, uCai nabanye basebenzisa isakhiwo se-cavity esifushane esingu-1.4cm ukuthola umphumela we-laser ohlukanisayo onamandla okukhipha angaphezu kuka-114 mW, ubude be-wavelength obuphakathi obungu-1540.3 nm, kanye nobubanzi bomugqa obungu-4.1 kHz. Ngo-2013, uMeng nabanye basebenzisa i-Brillouin scattering ye-fiber efakwe i-erbium ene-cavity emfushane yedivayisi yokugcina egcwele i-bias ukuthola imodi eyodwa ye-longitudinal, umkhiqizo we-laser womsindo wesigaba esiphansi onamandla okukhipha angu-10 mW. Ngo-2015, ithimba lisebenzise i-cavity yendandatho eyakhiwe i-fiber efakwe i-erbium engu-45 cm njenge-Brillouin scattering gain medium ukuthola umphumela we-laser ophansi kanye nomkhawulo omncane.
Umfanekiso 2 (a) Umdwebo ohleliwe we-laser ye-SLC fiber;
(b) Ukuma komugqa wesiginali ye-heterodyne okulinganiswe ngokubambezeleka kwefayibha okungamakhilomitha angu-97.6
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-20-2023