Imboni yokuxhumana nge-laser ithuthuka ngokushesha futhi isizongena enkathini yegolide yentuthuko
Ukuxhumana nge-laser uhlobo lwendlela yokuxhumana esebenzisa i-laser ukudlulisa ulwazi. I-laser uhlobo olusha lwe-umthombo wokukhanya, enezici zokukhanya okuphezulu, ukuqondisa okunamandla, i-monochromism enhle kanye nokuhambisana okuqinile. Ngokusho kwe-medium yokudlulisa ehlukene, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-atmosphericukuxhumana nge-laserkanye nokuxhumana nge-optical fiber. Ukuxhumana nge-laser yasemkhathini kuyindlela yokuxhumana nge-laser esebenzisa umoya njengendlela yokudlulisa. Ukuxhumana nge-optical fiber kuyindlela yokuxhumana esebenzisa i-optical fiber ukudlulisa izimpawu ze-optical.
Uhlelo lokuxhumana nge-laser lunezingxenye ezimbili: ukuthumela nokwamukela. Ingxenye yokudlulisa ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-laser, i-Optical modulator kanye ne-optical transmitter. Ingxenye yokwamukela ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-optical receiving antenna, i-optical filter kanye ne-optical filter.Isitholi sezithombeUlwazi oluzodluliselwa luthunyelwa ku-I-modulator yokukhanyaixhunywe ku-laser, eguqula ulwazi oluku-i-laserbese iyithumela nge-antenna yokudlulisa ebonakalayo. Ekupheleni kokwamukela, i-antenna yokwamukela ebonakalayo ithola isignali ye-laser bese iyithumela ku-isitholi sokubona, ephendula isignali yelaser ibe isignali kagesi bese iyiguqula ibe ulwazi lokuqala ngemva kokukhulisa nokunciphisa amandla.
Isethelayithi ngasinye kunethiwekhi yesathelayithi yokuxhumana nge-mesh ehleliwe yePentagon singaba nezixhumanisi ze-laser ezine ukuze sikwazi ukuxhumana nezinye izisethelayithi, izindiza, imikhumbi kanye neziteshi zomhlaba.Izixhumanisi ezibonakalayophakathi kwamasathelayithi kubalulekile empumelelweni yeqembu lezempi lase-US elizungeza umjikelezo ophansi woMhlaba, elizosetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwedatha phakathi kwamaplanethi amaningi. Ama-Laser anganikeza amazinga aphezulu okudlulisa idatha kunokuxhumana kwe-RF okuvamile, kodwa futhi abiza kakhulu.
Ibutho lase-US lisanda kunikeza izinkontileka ezicishe zibe yizigidigidi eziyi-1.8 zamaRandi zohlelo lwe-126 Constellation oluzokwakhiwa ngokwehlukana yizinkampani zase-US ezithuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwe-optical obuvela komunye nomunye bokudlulisa amaphuzu amaningi obungasiza ekunciphiseni izindleko zokwakha i-constellation ngokunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sama-terminal. Ukuxhumana kwe-omunye nomunye kufezwa ngedivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-managed optical communication array (i-MOCA ngamafuphi), eyingqayizivele ngoba iyi-modular kakhulu, futhi i-MOCA managed optical communication array ivumela izixhumanisi ze-optical inter-satellite ukuxhumana namanye ama-satellite amaningi. Ekuxhumaneni kwe-laser yendabuko, konke kuyi-point-to-point, ubudlelwano be-one-to-one. Nge-MOCA, isixhumanisi se-optical esivela komunye nomunye singakhuluma nama-satellite angu-40 ahlukene. Lobu buchwepheshe abuyona nje inzuzo yokunciphisa izindleko zokwakha ama-constellation e-satellite, uma izindleko zama-node zincishisiwe, kunethuba lokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezahlukene zenethiwekhi kanye namazinga enkonzo ahlukene.
Esikhathini esithile esidlule, i-satellite yase-China i-Beidou yenza ucwaningo lokuxhumana nge-laser, yadlulisela ngempumelelo isignali ngesimo se-laser esiteshini sokwamukela umhlaba, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuxhumaneni ngesivinini esikhulu phakathi kwamanethiwekhi e-satellite esikhathini esizayo, ukusetshenziswa kokuxhumana nge-laser kungavumela i-satellite ukuthi idlulise izinkulungwane zama-megabits edatha ngomzuzwana, isivinini sethu sokulanda impilo yansuku zonke singama-megabits ambalwa kuya kuma-megabits ayishumi ngomzuzwana, futhi uma ukuxhumana nge-laser sekuqashelwe, isivinini sokulanda singafinyelela ama-gigabytes amaningana ngomzuzwana, futhi esikhathini esizayo singathuthukiswa sibe ama-terabytes.
Njengamanje, uhlelo lokuzulazula lwaseShayina iBeidou lusayine izivumelwano zokubambisana namazwe angu-137 emhlabeni jikelele, lunethonya elithile emhlabeni, futhi luzoqhubeka nokukhula esikhathini esizayo, yize uhlelo lokuzulazula lwaseShayina iBeidou luyisethi yesithathu yohlelo lokuzulazula lwesathelayithi oluvuthiwe, kodwa lunenani elikhulu kakhulu lamasathelayithi, ngisho nangaphezulu kunenani lamasathelayithi ohlelo lwe-GPS. Njengamanje, uhlelo lokuzulazula lwaseBeidou ludlala indima ebalulekile kokubili emkhakheni wezempi kanye nasensimini yabantu abavamile. Uma ukuxhumana nge-laser kungafezeka, kuzoletha izindaba ezinhle emhlabeni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-05-2023