Isingeniso, uhlobo lokubala lwe-photoni-avalanche photodetector yomugqa
Ubuchwepheshe bokubala i-Photon bungakhulisa ngokugcwele isignali ye-photon ukuze kunqobe umsindo ofundwayo wezinto zikagesi, futhi zirekhode inani lama-photons aphumayo ngumtshina esikhathini esithile ngokusebenzisa izici zemvelo ezihlukene zesignali kagesi ephumayo yomtshina ngaphansi komsebe wokukhanya obuthakathaka, futhi ubale ulwazi lwethagethi elinganiselwe ngokwenani lemitha ye-photon. Ukuze uthole ukutholwa kokukhanya okubuthakathaka kakhulu, izinhlobo eziningi zamathuluzi anekhono lokubona i-photon ziye zacutshungulwa emazweni ahlukahlukene. I-solid state avalanche photodiode (I-APD photodetector) iyidivayisi esebenzisa umphumela wesithombe kagesi wangaphakathi ukuthola amasignali okukhanya. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini ye-vacuum, amadivaysi e-solid-state anezinzuzo ezisobala ngesivinini sokuphendula, ukubala okumnyama, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ivolumu nokuzwela kwendawo kazibuthe, njll. Ososayensi benze ucwaningo olusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-imaging be-photon be-APD besimo esiqinile.
Idivayisi ye-photodetector ye-APDinemodi ye-Geiger (GM) kanye nemodi yomugqa (LM) izindlela ezimbili zokusebenza, ubuchwepheshe bamanje bokubala bezithombe ze-APD photon busebenzisa ikakhulukazi idivayisi ye-APD yemodi ye-Geiger. Amadivayisi we-APD yemodi ye-Geiger anokuzwela okuphezulu ezingeni le-photon eyodwa kanye nesivinini sokuphendula esiphezulu samashumi ama-nanosecond ukuze athole ukunemba kwesikhathi esiphezulu. Kodwa-ke, i-Geiger mode APD inezinkinga ezithile ezifana nesikhathi esifile somtshina, ukusebenza kahle kokubona okuphansi, amagama amakhulu e-optical crossword kanye nokulungiswa kwendawo ephansi, ngakho-ke kunzima ukukhulisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinga lokutholwa okuphezulu kanye nezinga eliphansi le-alamu elingamanga. Izibali ze-Photon ezisuselwe kumadivayisi e-HgCdTe APD anenzuzo ephezulu aseduze angenamsindo asebenza ngemodi yomugqa, awanayo imingcele yesikhathi esifile kanye ne-crosstalk, awanawo ama-post-pulse ahlotshaniswa nemodi ye-Geiger, awadingi amasekhethi okucisha, anobubanzi obuguquguqukayo obuphezulu kakhulu, ububanzi bokusabela okubonakalayo okubonakalayo, futhi angenziwa ngokuzimela ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza kahle nesilinganiso sokubala okungamanga. Ivula inkambu entsha yohlelo lokusebenza ye-infrared photon counting imaging, iyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa yamadivayisi wokubala ama-photon, futhi inamathemba abanzi okusebenza ekubukeni kwezinkanyezi, ukuxhumana kwesikhala samahhala, ukuthwebula izithombe okusebenzayo nokungenzi lutho, ukulandelela ama-fringe nokunye.
Umgomo wokubala kwe-photon kumadivayisi we-HgCdTe APD
Amadivayisi e-APD photodetector asekelwe ezintweni ze-HgCdTe angakwazi ukumboza ububanzi obuhlukahlukene bamaza, futhi ama-coefficients e-ionization wama-electron nezimbobo ahluke kakhulu (bona Umfanekiso 1 (a)). Abonisa indlela yokuphindaphinda yenkampani yenethiwekhi eyodwa ngaphakathi kobude obunqunyiwe obungu-1.3~11 µm. Cishe awukho umsindo oweqile (uma kuqhathaniswa nomsindo oweqile wesici se-FSi~2-3 samadivayisi we-Si APD kanye ne-FIII-V~4-5 yamadivayisi omndeni we-III-V (bona Umfanekiso 1 (b)), ukuze isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-nomsindo samadivayisi sicishe singanciphi ngokukhula kwenzuzo, okuyi-infrared efanelekile.i-avalanche photodetector.
I-FIG. 1 (a) Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso se-ionization coefficient ye-mercury cadmium telluride material kanye nengxenye x ye-Cd; (b) Ukuqhathaniswa kwesici somsindo oweqile F samadivayisi we-APD namasistimu wezinto ezihlukile
Ubuchwepheshe bokubala i-Photon ubuchwepheshe obusha obungakwazi ukukhipha amasignali okubona ngedijithali emsindweni oshisayo ngokuxazulula ama-photoelectron pulses akhiqizwai-photodetectorngemuva kokuthola i-photon eyodwa. Njengoba isignali yokukhanya okuphansi ihlakazeke kakhulu esizindeni sesikhathi, ukuphuma kwesignali kagesi ngumtshina nakho kungokwemvelo futhi kuhlukile. Ngokwalesi sici sokukhanya okubuthakathaka, ukukhulisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukubandlululwa kwe-pulse kanye namasu okubala ngedijithali ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuthola ukukhanya okubuthakathaka kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokubala ama-photon bunezinzuzo eziningi, njengesilinganiso esiphezulu sesignali-kuya-kumsindo, ukucwasa okuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu kwesilinganiso, ukulwa nokukhukhuleka okuhle, ukuzinza kwesikhathi esihle, futhi kungakhipha idatha kukhompyutha ngendlela yesignali yedijithali yokuhlaziywa nokucutshungulwa okulandelayo, okungenakuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuthola. Njengamanje, isistimu yokubala i-photon isetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wokulinganisa izimboni kanye nokutholwa kokukhanya okuphansi, okufana ne-nonlinear optics, i-molecular biology, i-ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, i-photometry yezinkanyezi, isilinganiso sokungcola komkhathi, njll., okuhlobene nokutholwa nokutholwa kwezimpawu zokukhanya ezibuthakathaka. I-mercury cadmium telluride avalanche photodetector cishe ayinawo umsindo owedlulele, njengoba inzuzo ikhula, isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-nomsindo asiboli, futhi asikho isikhathi esifile kanye nomkhawulo wangemuva kokushaya okuhlobene namadivayisi we-avalanche ye-Geiger, elungele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ekubaleni kwe-photon, futhi iyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi wokubala ama-photon esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-14-2025