Isingeniso, uhlobo lokubala lwe-photoni-avalanche photodetector eqondile
Ubuchwepheshe bokubala ama-photon bungakhulisa ngokugcwele isignali ye-photon ukuze kunqobe umsindo ofundwayo wezinto zikagesi, futhi barekhode inani lama-photons aphumayo ngumtshina ngesikhathi esithile ngokusebenzisa izici zemvelo ezihlukene zesiginali kagesi ephumayo yomtshina ngaphansi komsebe wokukhanya obuthakathaka. , futhi ubale ulwazi lwethagethi elinganisiwe ngokwenani lemitha ye-photon. Ukuze uthole ukutholwa kokukhanya okubuthakathaka kakhulu, izinhlobo eziningi zamathuluzi anekhono lokubona i-photon ziye zacutshungulwa emazweni ahlukahlukene. I-solid state avalanche photodiode (Isitholi sesithombe se-APD) iyidivayisi esebenzisa umphumela wesithombe kagesi wangaphakathi ukuthola amasignali okukhanya. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini ye-vacuum, amadivaysi e-solid-state anezinzuzo ezisobala ngesivinini sokuphendula, ukubala okumnyama, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ivolumu nokuzwela kwendawo kazibuthe, njll. Ososayensi benze ucwaningo olusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-imaging be-photon be-APD besimo esiqinile.
Idivayisi ye-photodetector ye-APDinemodi ye-Geiger (GM) kanye nemodi yomugqa (LM) izindlela ezimbili zokusebenza, ubuchwepheshe bamanje bokubala bezithombe ze-APD photon busebenzisa ikakhulukazi idivayisi ye-APD yemodi ye-Geiger. Amadivayisi we-APD yemodi ye-Geiger anokuzwela okuphezulu ezingeni le-photon eyodwa kanye nesivinini sokuphendula esiphezulu samashumi ama-nanosecond ukuze athole ukunemba kwesikhathi esiphezulu. Kodwa-ke, i-Geiger mode APD inezinkinga ezithile ezifana nesikhathi esifile somtshina, ukusebenza kahle kokubona okuphansi, amagama amakhulu e-optical crossword kanye nokulungiswa kwendawo ephansi, ngakho-ke kunzima ukukhulisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinga lokutholwa okuphezulu kanye nezinga eliphansi le-alamu elingamanga. Izibali ze-Photon ezisekelwe kumadivayisi e-HgCdTe APD athola inzuzo ephezulu aseduze angenamsindo asebenza ngemodi yomugqa, awanayo imingcele yesikhathi esifile kanye ne-crosstalk, awanawo ama-post-pulse ahlotshaniswa nemodi ye-Geiger, awadingi amasekhethi okucisha, anobubanzi obuphezulu obuphezulu, ububanzi. kanye nebanga lokuphendula le-spectral eliguqulekayo, futhi lingathuthukiswa ngokuzimele ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kahle nezinga lokubala okungamanga. Ivula inkambu entsha yohlelo lokusebenza ye-infrared photon counting imaging, iyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa yamadivayisi wokubala ama-photon, futhi inamathemba abanzi okusebenza ekubukeni kwezinkanyezi, ukuxhumana kwesikhala samahhala, ukuthwebula izithombe okusebenzayo nokungenzi lutho, ukulandelela ama-fringe nokunye.
Umgomo wokubala kwe-photon kumadivayisi we-HgCdTe APD
Amadivayisi e-APD photodetector asekelwe ezintweni ze-HgCdTe angakwazi ukumboza ububanzi obuhlukahlukene bamaza, futhi ama-coefficients e-ionization wama-electron nezimbobo ahluke kakhulu (bona Umfanekiso 1 (a)). Abonisa indlela yokuphindaphinda yenkampani yenethiwekhi eyodwa ngaphakathi kobude obunqunyiwe obungu-1.3~11 µm. Cishe awukho umsindo owedlulele (uma kuqhathaniswa nomsindo owedlulele wesici se-FSi~2-3 samadivayisi we-Si APD kanye ne-FIII-V~4-5 yamadivayisi omndeni we-III-V (bona Umfanekiso 1 (b)), ukuze isiginali- isilinganiso somsindo wamadivayisi cishe anciphi ngokwanda kwenzuzo, okuyi-infrared ekahlei-avalanche photodetector.
I-FIG. 1 (a) Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso se-ionization coefficient ye-mercury cadmium telluride material kanye nengxenye x ye-Cd; (b) Ukuqhathaniswa kwesici somsindo oweqile F samadivayisi we-APD namasistimu wezinto ezihlukile
Ubuchwepheshe bokubala i-Photon ubuchwepheshe obusha obungakwazi ukukhipha amasignali okubona ngedijithali emsindweni oshisayo ngokuxazulula ama-photoelectron pulses akhiqizwai-photodetectorngemva kokuthola i-photon eyodwa. Njengoba isignali yokukhanya okuphansi ihlakazeke kakhulu esizindeni sesikhathi, ukuphuma kwesignali kagesi ngumtshina nakho kungokwemvelo futhi kuhlukile. Ngokwalesi sici sokukhanya okubuthakathaka, ukukhulisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukubandlululwa kwe-pulse kanye namasu okubala ngedijithali ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuthola ukukhanya okubuthakathaka kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokubala ama-photon bunezinzuzo eziningi, njengesilinganiso esiphezulu sesignali-kuya-nomsindo, ukucwasa okuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu kwesilinganiso, i-anti-drift enhle, ukuqina kwesikhathi esihle, futhi ingakhipha idatha kukhompyutha ngendlela yesignali yedijithali ukuze ihlaziywe ngokulandelayo. kanye nokucubungula, okungenakuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuthola. Njengamanje, uhlelo lokubala lwe-photon lusetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wokulinganisa kwezimboni kanye nokutholwa kokukhanya okuphansi, okufana nokubona okungezona umugqa, i-molecular biology, i-ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, i-photometry yezinkanyezi, isilinganiso sokungcola komkhathi, njll., okuhlobene ekutholeni nasekutholeni amasignali okukhanya abuthakathaka. I-mercury cadmium telluride avalanche photodetector cishe ayinawo umsindo oweqile, njengoba inzuzo ikhula, isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-nomsindo asiboli, futhi asikho isikhathi esifile kanye nokuvinjelwa kwe-post-pulse okuhlobene namadivayisi we-avalanche ye-Geiger, efaneleka kakhulu isicelo ekubalweni kwe-photon, futhi iyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi wokubala ama-photon esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-14-2025