Isingeniso, uhlobo lokubala i-photoni-photodetector eqondile ye-avalanche
Ubuchwepheshe bokubala i-photon bungakhulisa ngokugcwele isignali ye-photon ukuze kunqotshwe umsindo wokufundwa kwamadivayisi kagesi, futhi buqophe inani lama-photon akhishwa yi-detector esikhathini esithile ngokusebenzisa izici zemvelo ezihlukile zesignali kagesi ekhishwa yi-detector ngaphansi kokukhanya okubuthakathaka, futhi kubalwe ulwazi lwethagethi elilinganisiwe ngokwenani lemitha ye-photon. Ukuze kutholakale ukutholwa kokukhanya okubuthakathaka kakhulu, izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamathuluzi anekhono lokuthola i-photon ziye zafundwa emazweni ahlukahlukene. I-photodiode ye-avalanche yesimo esiqinile (Isitholi sezithombe se-APD) iyidivayisi esebenzisa umphumela wangaphakathi we-photoelectric ukuthola izimpawu zokukhanya. Uma kuqhathaniswa namadivayisi e-vacuum, amadivayisi e-solid-state anezinzuzo ezisobala ngesivinini sokuphendula, inani elimnyama, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ivolumu kanye nokuzwela kwensimu yamagnetic, njll. Ososayensi benze ucwaningo olusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe zokubala i-photon ye-APD yesimo esiqinile.
Idivayisi ye-APD photodetectorInemodi ye-Geiger (GM) kanye nemodi eqondile (LM) enezindlela ezimbili zokusebenza, ubuchwepheshe bezithombe zokubala i-photon ye-APD yamanje busebenzisa kakhulu idivayisi ye-Geiger mode APD. Amadivayisi e-Geiger mode APD anokuzwela okuphezulu ezingeni le-photon eyodwa kanye nesivinini esiphezulu sokuphendula samasekhondi angamashumi ukuze athole ukunemba kwesikhathi esiphezulu. Kodwa-ke, i-Geiger mode APD inezinkinga ezithile ezifana nesikhathi esifile sokuthola, ukusebenza kahle kokuthola okuphansi, i-crossword enkulu ye-optical kanye nesisombululo esiphansi sesikhala, ngakho-ke kunzima ukwenza ngcono ukuphikisana phakathi kwesilinganiso sokuthola okuphezulu kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi se-alamu yamanga. Ama-Photon counters asekelwe kumadivayisi e-APD e-HgCdTe angenamsindo angasebenzi kahle asebenza kwimodi eqondile, awanawo imikhawulo yesikhathi esifile kanye ne-crosstalk, awanawo ama-post-pulse ahlobene nemodi ye-Geiger, awadingi ama-quench circuits, anebanga elinamandla kakhulu, ububanzi bempendulo ye-spectral ebanzi futhi elungisekayo, futhi angalungiselelwa ngokuzimela ukusebenza kahle kokuthola kanye nesilinganiso sokubala okungamanga. Ivula insimu entsha yohlelo lokusebenza lwezithombe zokubala i-infrared photon, iyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi okubala i-photon, futhi inamathemba amaningi ohlelo lokusebenza ekubukeni kwezinkanyezi, ukuxhumana kwesikhala samahhala, izithombe ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi, ukulandelela okuphakathi nokunye.
Isimiso sokubalwa kwe-photon kumadivayisi e-HgCdTe APD
Amadivayisi e-APD photodetector asekelwe ezintweni ze-HgCdTe angamboza ububanzi be-wavelengths, futhi ama-coefficients e-ionization ama-electron kanye nezimbobo ahluke kakhulu (bheka Umfanekiso 1 (a)). Abonisa indlela eyodwa yokuphindaphinda kwe-carrier ngaphakathi kwe-wavelength yokusika engu-1.3 ~ 11 µm. Cishe akukho msindo oweqile (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-excess noise factor FSi~2-3 yamadivayisi e-Si APD kanye ne-FIII-V~4-5 yamadivayisi omndeni we-III-V (bheka Umfanekiso 1 (b)), ukuze isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-kumsindo samadivayisi cishe singanciphi ngokwanda kwenzuzo, okuyi-infrared ekahle.umshini wokuthola izithombe we-avalanche.
ISITHOMBE 1 (a) Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso se-impact ionization coefficient sezinto ze-mercury cadmium telluride kanye nengxenye x ye-Cd; (b) Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-excess noise factor F yamadivayisi e-APD nezinhlelo zezinto ezahlukene
Ubuchwepheshe bokubala i-Photon buwubuchwepheshe obusha obungakhipha amasignali okukhanya ngedijithali emsindweni wokushisa ngokuxazulula ama-pulse e-photoelectron akhiqizwa yi-umshini wokuthola izithombengemva kokuthola i-photon eyodwa. Njengoba isignali yokukhanya okuphansi isakazeka kakhulu endaweni yesikhathi, ukuphuma kwesignali kagesi yi-detector nakho kungokwemvelo futhi kuhlukile. Ngokusho kwalesi sici sokukhanya okubuthakathaka, ukukhulisa i-pulse, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-pulse kanye namasu okubala ngedijithali kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuthola ukukhanya okubuthakathaka kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokubala i-photon bunezinzuzo eziningi, njengesilinganiso esiphezulu sesignali kuya komsindo, ukuhlukaniswa okuphezulu, ukunemba kokulinganisa okuphezulu, ukulwa nokukhukhuleka okuhle, ukuzinza kwesikhathi okuhle, futhi bungakhipha idatha kukhompyutha ngesimo sesignali yedijithali ukuze kuhlaziywe futhi kucutshungulwe okulandelayo, okungenakuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuthola. Njengamanje, uhlelo lokubala i-photon lusetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wokulinganisa kwezimboni kanye nokuthola ukukhanya okuphansi, njenge-nonlinear optics, i-molecular biology, i-ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, i-astronomical photometry, ukulinganisa ukungcola komoya, njll., okuhlobene nokutholwa kanye nokutholwa kwezibonakaliso zokukhanya ezibuthakathaka. I-photodetector ye-avalanche ye-mercury cadmium telluride ayinawo umsindo owedlulele, njengoba ukwanda kukhuphuka, isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-kumsindo asiboli, futhi akukho ukuvinjelwa kwesikhathi esifile kanye nokuvinjelwa kwangemva kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuhlobene namadivayisi e-avalanche e-Geiger, okulungele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ekubalweni kwe-photon, futhi kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi e-photon esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-14-2025