Yethula i-InGaAs photodetector

NgenisaIsithwebuli sezithombe se-InGaAs

I-InGaAs ingenye yezinto ezifanelekile zokuthola impendulo ephezulu kanyei-photodetector enesivinini esikhulu. Okokuqala, i-InGaAs iyinto eqondile ye-bandgap semiconductor, futhi ububanzi bayo be-bandgap bungalawulwa ngesilinganiso phakathi kwe-In ne-Ga, okuvumela ukutholwa kwamasignali okubona amaza ahlukene. Phakathi kwazo, i-In0.53Ga0.47As ifanelana ngokuphelele ne-InP substrate lattice futhi ine-coefficient yokumunca ukukhanya ephezulu kakhulu ebhendini yokuxhumana yokubona. Iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiselelenii-photodetectorfuthi inokusebenza kwamanje okumnyama okuvelele kakhulu nokuphendula. Okwesibili, kokubili ama-InGaAs kanye nezinto ze-InP zinama-electron drift velocities aphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, nesivinini sazo sokukhukhuleka se-electron womabili acishe abe ngu-1×107cm/s. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngaphansi kwezinkambu ezithile zikagesi, i-InGaAs kanye ne-InP materials ibonisa imiphumela ye-electron velocity overshoot, nesivinini sazo sokudlula esifinyelela ku-4×107cm/s naku-6×107cm/s ngokulandelana. Kuyasiza ekuzuzeni umkhawulokudonsa owela phezulu. Njengamanje, ama-photodetectors e-InGaAs ayisithwebuli sezithombe esijwayelekile kakhulu sokuxhumana okubonakalayo. Emakethe, indlela yokuhlanganisa isenzakalo esingaphezulu iyona evame kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yokuthungatha izigameko ezingaphezulu ene-25 Gaud/s kanye ne-56 Gaud/s isivele ikhiqizwe ngobuningi. Izithonjana zesigameko sobukhulu obuncane, isigameko sasemuva, kanye nomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu nazo zenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nesivinini esikhulu nokugcwala kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemikhawulo yezindlela zabo zokuhlanganisa, izitholi zesigameko esingaphezulu kunzima ukuzihlanganisa namanye amadivaysi e-optoelectronic. Ngakho-ke, ngesidingo esandayo sokuhlanganiswa kwe-optoelectronic, ama-waveguide ahlanganiswe ne-InGaAs photodetectors asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi alungele ukuhlanganiswa kancane kancane abe okugxilwe kuwo ocwaningweni. Phakathi kwazo, amamojula we-InGaAs we-photodetector we-70GHz kanye ne-110GHz cishe wonke amukela izakhiwo zokuhlanganisa i-waveguide. Ngokomehluko wezinto ezisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwe-substrate, ama-photodetectors e-waveguide ahlanganiswe ne-InGaAs angahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezimbili: I-INP-based kanye ne-Si-based. I-epitaxial ebalulekile kuma-substrates e-InP inekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukwenziwa kwamadivayisi asebenza kahle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezintweni zeqembu le-III-V ezikhuliswe noma ezihlanganiswe kuma-substrates e-Si, ngenxa yokungafani okuhlukahlukene phakathi kwezinto ze-InGaAs nama-Si substrates, into ephathekayo noma ikhwalithi yesixhumi esibonakalayo imbi kakhulu, futhi sisekhona isikhala esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa ekusebenzeni kwamadivayisi.

Ukuzinza kwe-photodetector ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, nakho kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobo ezintsha zama-detectors ezifana ne-perovskite, izinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto ezimbili-dimensional, eziye zakhanga kakhulu, zisabhekene nezinselele eziningi mayelana nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside ngenxa yokuthi izinto ngokwazo zithinteka kalula yizici zemvelo. Okwamanje, inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezintsha ayikavuthwa, futhi ukuhlola okwengeziwe kusadingeka ukuze kukhiqizwe ngezinga elikhulu kanye nokuvumelana kokusebenza.

Nakuba ukwethulwa kwama-inductors kungakhuphula ngempumelelo umkhawulokudonsa wamadivayisi njengamanje, akudumile ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana zedijithali. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokugwema imithelela engemihle ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokwehliswa kwepharamitha ye-RC ye-parasitic yocingo kungenye yezinkomba zocwaningo zesithwebuli sesithombe esinesivinini esikhulu. Okwesibili, njengoba i-bandwidth ye-waveguide photodetectors ehambisanayo ilokhu ikhula, umgoqo phakathi komkhawulokudonsa kanye nokuziphendulela uqala ukuvela futhi. Nakuba ama-photodetectors e-Ge/Si kanye ne-InGaAs photodetector enomkhawulokudonsa ongu-3dB owedlula u-200GHz zibikiwe, izibophezelo zazo azigculisi. Indlela yokwandisa umkhawulokudonsa kuyilapho ugcina ukusabela okuhle kuyisihloko socwaningo esibalulekile, esingase sidinge ukwethulwa kwezinto ezintsha ezihambisana nenqubo (ukuhamba okuphezulu kanye ne-coefficient yokumuncwa okuphezulu) noma inoveli yezakhiwo zedivayisi enesivinini esikhulu ukuze zixazululwe. Ukwengeza, njengoba umkhawulokudonsa wedivayisi ukhula, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwezitholi kuzixhumanisi zesithombe se-microwave zizokhula kancane kancane. Ngokungafani nesigameko samandla okukhanya amancane kanye nokutholwa kokuzwela okuphezulu ekuxhumaneni kwe-optical, lesi simo, ngesisekelo somkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, sinesidingo esikhulu samandla okugcwalisa amandla aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, amadivaysi anomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ngokuvamile athatha izakhiwo ezinosayizi omncane, ngakho-ke akulula ukwenza ama-photodetectors anamandla anesivinini esiphezulu futhi agcwele-saturation, futhi kungase kudingeke okunye okusha ekukhishweni kwenkampani yenethiwekhi kanye nokuchithwa kokushisa kwamadivayisi. Okokugcina, ukwehlisa amandla amnyama emishini yokubona enesivinini esikhulu kuseyinkinga okufanele izihloli zezithombe ezinokungafani kwe-lattice ziyixazulule. Ubumnyama bamanje buhlobene kakhulu nekhwalithi yekristalu nesimo sendawo yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, izinqubo ezibalulekile ezifana nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-heteroepitaxy noma ukubopha ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zokungafani kwe-lattice zidinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali.