Amapharamitha abalulekile okuchazwa kokusebenza kohlelo lwe-laser

1. Ubude begagasi (iyunithi: nm kuya ku-μm)

Iubude be-laserimelela ubude be-wave yamaza kagesi athwalwa yi-laser. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokukhanya, isici esibalulekile sei-laserukuthi i-monochromatic, okusho ukuthi ubude bayo be-wavelength bumsulwa kakhulu futhi inemvamisa eyodwa echazwe kahle.

Umehluko phakathi kwamaza ahlukahlukene e-laser:

Ubude be-laser ebomvu ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka-630nm-680nm, kanti ukukhanya okukhishwayo kubomvu, futhi futhi yi-laser evame kakhulu (esetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wokukhanya kokudla kwezokwelapha, njll.);

Ubude be-laser eluhlaza ngokuvamile bungaba ngu-532nm, (busetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wobubanzi be-laser, njll.);

Ubude be-laser eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka-400nm-500nm (okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlinzwa kwe-laser);

I-laser ye-UV ephakathi kuka-350nm-400nm (isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokwelapha nge-biomedicine);

I-laser ye-infrared iyona ekhetheke kakhulu, ngokwebanga le-wavelength kanye nensimu yokusetshenziswa, ubude be-laser ye-infrared buvame ukutholakala ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-700nm-1mm. Ibhendi ye-infrared ingahlukaniswa kabanzi ngama-sub-band amathathu: i-near infrared (NIR), i-middle infrared (MIR) kanye ne-far infrared (FIR). Ububanzi be-near-infrared wavelength bungaba ngu-750nm-1400nm, okusetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwe-optical fiber, ekuthathweni kwezithombe ze-biomedical kanye nasemishinini yokubona ebusuku ye-infrared.

2. Amandla kanye namandla (iyunithi: W noma J)

Amandla e-laserisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukukhishwa kwamandla okukhanya kwe-laser ye-continuous wave (CW) noma amandla ajwayelekile e-pulsed laser. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pulsed laser abonakala ngokuthi amandla awo okushaya kwenhliziyo alingana namandla ajwayelekile futhi alingana ngokuphambene nesilinganiso sokuphindaphinda kwe-pulse, futhi ama-laser anamandla aphezulu namandla ngokuvamile akhiqiza ukushisa okuningi okulahlwayo.

Iningi lemisebe ye-laser inephrofayili yomsebe we-Gaussian, ngakho-ke ukukhanya kanye nokukhanya kokukhanya kokubili kuphakeme kakhulu ku-axis ye-optical ye-laser futhi kwehla njengoba ukuphambuka kusuka ku-axis ye-optical kukhula. Amanye ama-laser anephrofayili yomsebe oyisicaba, ngokungafani nemisebe ye-Gaussian, enephrofayili yomsebe oyisicaba njalo engxenyeni ephambene yomsebe we-laser kanye nokwehla okusheshayo kokuqina. Ngakho-ke, ama-laser ayisicaba awanakho ukukhanya okuphezulu. Amandla aphezulu omsebe we-Gaussian aphindwe kabili kunomsebe oyisicaba onamandla alinganayo ajwayelekile.

3. Ubude be-pulse (iyunithi: fs kuya ku-ms)

Ubude besikhathi sokushaya kwe-laser (okungukuthi ububanzi be-pulse) yisikhathi esithathwa yi-laser ukufinyelela ingxenye yamandla aphezulu okukhanya (FWHM).

 

4. Izinga lokuphindaphinda (iyunithi: Hz kuya ku-MHz)

Izinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-i-laser evuvukile(okungukuthi izinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-pulse) lichaza inani lama-pulse akhishwa ngomzuzwana, okungukuthi, ukuphindaphinda kwesikhala se-pulse se-sequence sesikhathi. Izinga lokuphindaphinda lilingana ngokuphambene namandla e-pulse futhi lilingana namandla ajwayelekile. Nakuba izinga lokuphindaphinda livame ukuncika ku-laser gain medium, ezimweni eziningi, izinga lokuphindaphinda lingashintshwa. Izinga lokuphindaphinda eliphakeme liholela esikhathini esifushane sokuphumula kokushisa sobuso kanye nokugxila kokugcina kwe-laser optical element, okuholela ekushiseni okusheshayo kwezinto.

5. Ukuhlukana (iyunithi ejwayelekile: mrad)

Nakuba imisebe ye-laser ngokuvamile ibhekwa njenge-collimating, ihlala iqukethe inani elithile lokuhlukana, okuchaza izinga lapho umsebe uhlukana khona ebangeni elikhulayo ukusuka okhalweni lomsebe we-laser ngenxa yokuphambuka. Ezisetshenzisweni ezinamabanga amade okusebenza, njengezinhlelo ze-liDAR, lapho izinto zingase zibe ngamakhulu amamitha ukusuka ohlelweni lwe-laser, ukuhlukana kuba yinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu.

6. Usayizi webala (iyunithi: μm)

Usayizi webala lomsebe we-laser ogxilile uchaza ububanzi bomsebe endaweni egxile ohlelweni lwelensi olugxilile. Ezinhlelweni eziningi, njengokucubungula izinto kanye nokuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha, umgomo uwukunciphisa usayizi webala. Lokhu kukhulisa ubuningi bamandla futhi kuvumela ukudalwa kwezici eziqondile. Amalensi e-aspherical avame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni samalensi endabuko ayindilinga ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwebala nokukhiqiza usayizi webala elincane eligxilile.

7. Ibanga lokusebenza (iyunithi: μm kuya ku-m)

Ibanga lokusebenza kohlelo lwe-laser livame ukuchazwa njengebanga elibonakalayo ukusuka ku-element yokugcina ye-optical (ngokuvamile ilensi yokugxila) kuya entweni noma endaweni lapho i-laser igxile khona. Izinhlelo ezithile, njenge-laser yezokwelapha, zivame ukufuna ukunciphisa ibanga lokusebenza, kanti ezinye, njengokuzwa kude, zivame ukufuna ukwandisa ibanga lazo lokusebenza.