Amapharamitha wokusebenza okubalulekile kwesistimu ye-laser

1. Ubude begagasi (iyunithi: nm ukuya ku-μm)

Ii-laser wavelengthimele ubude beza begagasi kazibuthe obuthwelwe i-laser. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokukhanya, isici esibalulekile selaserukuthi i-monochromatic, okusho ukuthi ubude bayo begagasi bumsulwa kakhulu futhi bunobuningi obubodwa obuchazwe kahle.

Umehluko phakathi kwamaza ahlukene we-laser:

Ubude begagasi be-laser ebomvu ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka-630nm-680nm, futhi ukukhanya okukhishwayo kubomvu, futhi futhi kuyi-laser evamile (ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa emkhakheni wokukhanya okuphakelayo kwezokwelapha, njll.);

Ubude begagasi be-laser eluhlaza ngokuvamile buba ngu-532nm, (ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa emkhakheni we-laser esukela, njll.);

Ubude beza be-laser eluhlaza ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka-400nm-500nm (ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukuhlinzwa nge-laser);

I-Uv laser ephakathi kuka-350nm-400nm (ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ku-biomedicine);

I-laser ye-infrared iyona ekhetheke kakhulu, ngokuya ngebanga le-wavelength kanye nenkambu yokusetshenziswa, ubude beza be-laser ye-infrared ngokuvamile butholakala kububanzi obungu-700nm-1mm. Ibhendi ye-infrared ingahlukaniswa futhi ibe ama-sub-band amathathu: eduze kwe-infrared (NIR), i-infrared ephakathi (MIR) kanye ne-infrared kude (FIR). Ibanga le-wavelength eliseduze ne-infrared lilinganiselwa ku-750nm-1400nm, elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwe-optical fibre, imaging ye-biomedical kanye nemishini yokubona ebusuku ye-infrared.

2. Amandla namandla (iyunithi: W noma J)

Amandla e-laserisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuphuma kwamandla okusebenza kwelaser ye-continuous wave (CW) noma amandla amaphakathi welaser eshayayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-laser ashayayo abonakala ngokuthi amandla awo okushaya kwenhliziyo alingana namandla ajwayelekile futhi ahambisana ngokuphambene nezinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-pulse, futhi ama-laser anamandla aphezulu namandla ngokuvamile akhiqiza ukushisa okulahlwayo okwengeziwe.

Imishayo eminingi ye-laser inephrofayili ye-Gaussian yesigxobo, ngakho-ke i-irradiance kanye nokuguquguquka kokubili kuphakeme kakhulu ku-axis optical ye-laser futhi kuyehla njengoba ukuchezuka ku-axis optical kwanda. Amanye ama-laser anamaphrofayili e-laser ayisicaba, okuthi, ngokungafani nemishayo ye-Gaussian, abe nephrofayili ye-irradiance engaguquki engxenyeni ephambanayo ye-laser beam kanye nokwehla ngokushesha kokuqina. Ngakho-ke, ama-laser ayisicaba awanawo ama-irradiance aphezulu. Amandla aphezulu we-Gaussian beam aphindwe kabili kunebeam enesicaba esinamandla amaphakathi afanayo.

3. Ubude be-pulse (iyunithi: fs ukuya ku-ms)

Ubude be-laser pulse (okungukuthi ububanzi be-pulse) yisikhathi esithathayo ukuze i-laser ifinyelele uhhafu wamandla amakhulu okubona (FWHM).

 

4. Izinga lokuphindaphinda (iyunithi: Hz ukuya ku-MHz)

Izinga lokuphinda ai-pulsed laser(okungukuthi izinga lokuphindaphinda kweshayela) lichaza inani lama-pulses akhishwa ngomzuzwana, okungukuthi, ukuphindaphinda kwesikhala se-pulse yokulandelana kwesikhathi. Izinga lokuphindaphinda lilingana ngokuphambene namandla okushaya kwenhliziyo futhi lilingana namandla amaphakathi. Nakuba izinga lokuphindaphinda ngokuvamile lincike endleleni yokuthola i-laser, ezimweni eziningi, izinga lokuphindaphinda lingashintshwa. Izinga eliphakeme lokuphindaphinda liholela esikhathini esifushane sokuphumula esishisayo endaweni kanye nokugxila kokugcina kwe-laser optical element, okubuye kuholele ekushiseni ngokushesha kwento.

5. Ukwehlukana (iyunithi evamile: mrad)

Nakuba imishayo ye-laser ngokuvamile icatshangwa njengokungqubuzana, ihlala iqukethe inani elithile lokuhlukana, elichaza izinga lapho ugongolo luhlukana khona ngebanga elikhulayo ukusuka okhalweni lwe-laser ngenxa yokuphambana. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamabanga okusebenza amade, njengezinhlelo ze-liDAR, lapho izinto zingase zibe kude namakhulu amamitha ukusuka kusistimu ye-laser, ukwehlukana kuba inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu.

6. Usayizi wendawo (iyunithi: μm)

Usayizi wendawo we-laser egxilile uchaza ububanzi be-beam endaweni okugxilwe kuyo yesistimu yelensi yokugxilisa ingqondo. Ezinhlelweni eziningi, njengokucutshungulwa kwezinto kanye nokuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha, umgomo uwukunciphisa usayizi wendawo. Lokhu kukhulisa ukuminyana kwamandla futhi kuvumela ukudalwa kwezici ezinezinhlamvu ezinhle kakhulu. Amalensi aspherical avamise ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni samalensi endabuko ayindilinga ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchezuka okuyindilinga futhi akhiqize usayizi omncane wendawo okugxilwe kuyo.

7. Ibanga lokusebenza (iyunithi: μm ukuya ku-m)

Ibanga lokusebenza lesistimu ye-laser ngokuvamile lichazwa njengebanga elibonakalayo ukusuka entweni yokugcina yokubona (imvamisa ilensi yokugxilisa ingqondo) ukuya entweni noma endaweni lapho i-laser egxile kukho. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, njengamalaser ezokwelapha, ngokuvamile zifuna ukunciphisa ibanga lokusebenza, kuyilapho ezinye, ezifana nokuzwa ukude, ngokuvamile zihlose ukukhulisa ibanga lazo lokusebenza.