I-wave kanye ne-particle properties kuyizimpawu ezimbili eziyisisekelo zento emvelweni. Endabeni yokukhanya, impikiswano yokuthi ngabe yi-wave noma yi-particle isukela ekhulwini le-17. UNewton wasungula i-particle theory ephelele yokukhanya encwadini yakhe.I-Optics, okwenza inkolelo-mbono yezinhlayiya zokukhanya yaba yinkolelo-mbono eyinhloko cishe iminyaka eyikhulu. UHuygens, uThomas Young, uMaxwell nabanye babekholelwa ukuthi ukukhanya kwakuyigagasi. Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, u-Einstein waphakamisa ukuthiI-Opticsincazelo ye-quantum yei-photoelectricumphumela, okwenza abantu baqaphele ukuthi ukukhanya kunezici zobukhulu bamagagasi kanye nobukhulu bezinhlayiya. Kamuva uBohr waveza esimisweni sakhe esidumile sokuhambisana ukuthi noma ngabe ukukhanya kusebenza njengegagasi noma ubuncane kuncike endaweni ethile yokuhlola, nokuthi zombili lezi zakhiwo azikwazi ukubonwa ngasikhathi sinye ekuhlolweni okukodwa. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuba uJohn Wheeler ephakamise ukuhlolwa kwakhe okudumile kokukhetha okubambezelekile, ngokusekelwe enguqulweni yayo ye-quantum, kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwethiyori ukuthi ukukhanya kungaqukatha ngesikhathi esisodwa isimo sobukhulu bezinhlayiya zamagagasi “akukho wave noma ubuncane, noma ubuncane noma ubuncane”, futhi lesi simo esingavamile sibonwe enanini elikhulu lokuhlola. Ukuqashelwa kokuhlolwa kobukhulu bezinhlayiya zamagagasi kokukhanya kuphonsela inselelo umngcele wendabuko wesimiso sokuhambisana sikaBohr futhi kuchaza kabusha umqondo wobukhulu bezinhlayiya zamagagasi.
Ngo-2013, bephefumulelwe yikati laseCheshire ku-Alice in Wonderland, u-Aharonov nabanye baphakamisa inkolelo-mbono yekati laseCheshire le-quantum. Le nkolelo-mbono yembula into entsha ebonakalayo, okungukuthi, umzimba wekati laseCheshire (into ebonakalayo) ungahlukanisa indawo nobuso balo obumomothekayo (imfanelo ebonakalayo), okwenza ukuhlukaniswa kwemfanelo yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye ne-ontology kube nokwenzeka. Abacwaningi base bebona into yekati laseCheshire kokubili ezinhlelweni ze-neutron kanye ne-photon, futhi baqhubeka nokubona into yekati ezimbili zaseCheshire ze-quantum zishintshana ubuso obumomothekayo.
Muva nje, liphefumulelwe yile mbono, ithimba likaSolwazi uLi Chuanfeng eNyuvesi Yesayensi Nobuchwepheshe baseShayina, ngokubambisana nethimba likaSolwazi uChen Jingling eNyuvesi yaseNankai, liqaphele ukuhlukaniswa kobubili bezinhlayiya zamagagasiI-Optics, okungukuthi, ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo kwezakhiwo zamagagasi nezakhiwo zezinhlayiya, ngokuklama izivivinyo kusetshenziswa amazinga ahlukene enkululeko yama-photon nokusebenzisa amasu okulinganisa abuthakathaka asekelwe ekuguqukeni kwesikhathi esibonakalayo. Izakhiwo zamagagasi nezakhiwo zezinhlayiya zama-photon zibonwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ezifundeni ezahlukene.
Imiphumela izosiza ekujuliseni ukuqonda umqondo oyisisekelo we-quantum mechanics, i-wave-particle duality, kanye nendlela yokulinganisa ebuthakathaka esetshenziswayo izophinde inikeze imibono yocwaningo lokuhlola oluqondiswe ekulinganisweni kokunemba kwe-quantum kanye nokuxhumana okuphambene neqiniso.
| ulwazi lwephepha |
ULi, JK., uSun, K., uWang, Y. nabanye. Ukuboniswa kokuhlola kokuhlukanisa ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya zamagagasi e-photon eyodwa nekati le-quantum Cheshire. I-Light Sci Appl 12, 18 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-022-01063-5
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-25-2023