Impahla yamagagasi nezinhlayiyana yizici ezimbili eziyisisekelo zento engokwemvelo. Endabeni yokukhanya, impikiswano yokuthi ingabe igagasi noma izinhlayiyana isukela ekhulwini le-17. UNewton wasungula inkolelo-mbono yokukhanya ecishe iphelele ngokuphelele encwadini yakheI-Optics, okwenza i-particle theory of light yaba inkolelo-mbono evamile cishe iminyaka eyikhulu. U-Huygens, uThomas Young, uMaxwell nabanye babekholelwa ukuthi ukukhanya kwakuyigagasi. Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, u-Einstein wahlongozaI-Opticsquantum incazelo yei-photoelectricumphumela, okwenza abantu baqaphela ukuthi ukukhanya kunezici zamaza kanye nezinhlayiyana ezimbili. U-Bohr kamuva waveza esimisweni sakhe esidumile sokuphelelisana ukuthi noma ukukhanya kuziphatha njengegagasi noma inhlayiyana kuncike endaweni ethile yokuhlola, nokuthi zombili izakhiwo azikwazi ukubonwa ngesikhathi esisodwa esivivinyweni esisodwa. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuba uJohn Wheeler ephakamise ukuhlola kwakhe okudumile okulibaziseka kokukhetha, okusekelwe enguqulweni yayo ye-quantum, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi ukukhanya kungahlanganisa kanyekanye isimo se-wave-particle superposition "okungelona igagasi noma izinhlayiyana, noma igagasi noma izinhlayiyana", futhi lokhu kuyinqaba. ukwenzeka kuye kwabonwa enanini elikhulu lokuhlola. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuma kwezinhlayiyana zamagagasi okukhanya kubekela inselele umngcele ovamile wesimiso sokuphelelisana se-Bohr futhi kuphinde kuchaze umqondo wokukabili kwezinhlayiyana zamagagasi.
Ngo-2013, ephefumulelwe ikati likaCheshire e-Alice e-Wonderland, u-Aharonov et al. uhlongoze ithiyori yekati ye-quantum Cheshire. Le thiyori yembula isenzakalo somzimba esiyinoveli, okungukuthi, umzimba wekati le-Cheshire (inhlangano engokomzimba) ungakwazi ukubona ukuhlukana kwendawo ebusweni balo obumomothekayo (imfanelo yomzimba), okwenza kube khona ukuhlukaniswa kwesici esibonakalayo kanye ne-ontology. Abacwaningi babe sebebona isenzakalo sekati lika-Cheshire kuzo zombili izinhlelo ze-neutron ne-photon, futhi baphinde babona isimanga samakati amabili e-quantum Cheshire eshintshana ubuso obumomothekayo.
Muva nje, ligqugquzelwe yilo mbono, ithimba likaSolwazi uLi Chuanfeng eNyuvesi Yesayensi Nobuchwepheshe YaseChina, ngokubambisana nethimba likaSolwazi Chen Jingling eNyuvesi yaseNankai, libone ukuhlukaniswa kwe-wave-particle duality ofI-Optics, okungukuthi, ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo kwezakhiwo zamagagasi ezimpahleni zezinhlayiyana, ngokuklama ukuhlola kusetshenziswa amazinga ahlukene enkululeko yama-photons nokusebenzisa amasu okulinganisa abuthaka asekelwe ekuziphendukeleni kwesikhathi okubonakalayo. Izakhiwo zamagagasi kanye nezakhi zezinhlayiyana zama-photons zibonwa ngasikhathi sinye ezifundeni ezihlukene.
Imiphumela izosiza ukujulisa ukuqonda komqondo oyisisekelo we-quantum mechanics, i-wave-particle duality, kanye nendlela yokulinganisa ebuthakathaka esetshenzisiwe izophinde inikeze imibono yocwaningo lokuhlola ekuqondeni kokulinganisa ukunemba kwe-quantum kanye nokuxhumana okuphambene.
| ulwazi lwephepha |
Li, JK., Sun, K., Wang, Y. et al. Ukuboniswa kokuhlola kokuhlukanisa ububili be-wave‒particle of photon eyodwa nekati le-quantum Cheshire. I-Light Sci Appl 12, 18 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-022-01063-5
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-25-2023