Umklamo wei-photonicisekethe ehlanganisiwe
Amasekethe ahlanganisiwe e-Photonic(PIC) zivame ukuklanywa ngosizo lwezikripthi zezibalo ngenxa yokubaluleka kobude bendlela kuma-interferometer noma kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizwela ubude bendlela.I-PICKwenziwa ngokupeta izendlalelo eziningi (ngokuvamile eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-30) ku-wafer, eyakhiwa ngezimo eziningi ze-polygonal, ezivame ukumelwa ngefomethi ye-GDSII. Ngaphambi kokuthumela ifayela kumenzi we-photomask, kuyinto efiseleka kakhulu ukukwazi ukulingisa i-PIC ukuqinisekisa ukunemba komklamo. Ukulingisa kuhlukaniswe ngamazinga amaningi: izinga eliphansi kakhulu ukulingisa i-three-dimensional electromagnetic (EM), lapho ukulingisa kwenziwa ezingeni le-sub-wavelength, yize ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-athomu ezintweni kuphathwa ngesilinganiso se-macroscopic. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi i-three-dimensional finite-difference Time-domain (3D FDTD) kanye nokwandiswa kwe-eigenmode (EME). Lezi zindlela zinembile kakhulu, kodwa azinakwenzeka kuso sonke isikhathi sokulingisa i-PIC. Izinga elilandelayo ukulingisa i-EM okune-dimensional 2.5, njengokusakazwa kwe-finite-difference beam (FD-BPM). Lezi zindlela zishesha kakhulu, kodwa zidela ukunemba okuthile futhi zingaphatha kuphela ukusakazwa kwe-paraxial futhi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukulingisa ama-resonator, isibonelo. Izinga elilandelayo ukulingiswa kwe-2D EM, njenge-2D FDTD kanye ne-2D BPM. Lokhu nakho kuyashesha, kodwa kunomsebenzi olinganiselwe, njengokuthi abakwazi ukulingisa ama-rotator e-polarization. Elinye izinga ukulingiswa kwe-transmission kanye/noma i-scattering matrix. Ingxenye ngayinye enkulu incishiswa ibe yingxenye enokufakwayo kanye nokuphumayo, futhi i-waveguide exhunyiwe incishiswa ibe yi-phase shift kanye ne-attenuation element. Lokhu kulingisa kuyashesha kakhulu. Isignali yokuphuma itholakala ngokuphindaphinda i-transmission matrix ngesignali yokufaka. I-scattering matrix (izakhi zayo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-S-parameter) iphindaphinda izimpawu zokufaka nezokuphuma ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuze ithole izimpawu zokufaka nezokuphuma ngakolunye uhlangothi lwengxenye. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-scattering matrix iqukethe ukubonakaliswa ngaphakathi kwento. I-scattering matrix ivame ukuba nkulu kabili kune-transmission matrix kubukhulu ngabunye. Ngamafuphi, kusukela ku-3D EM kuya ku-transmission/scattering matrix simulation, ungqimba ngalunye lokulingisa luveza ukuhweba phakathi kwesivinini nokunemba, futhi abaklami bakhetha izinga elifanele lokulingisa ngezidingo zabo ezithile ukuze bathuthukise inqubo yokuqinisekisa umklamo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthembela ekulingiseni kwe-electromagnetic kwezinto ezithile nokusebenzisa i-scattering/transfer matrix ukulingisa i-PIC yonke akuqinisekisi umklamo ofanele ngokuphelele phambi kwepuleti lokugeleza. Isibonelo, ubude bendlela obungabalwanga kahle, ama-waveguide e-multimode ahluleka ukucindezela ngempumelelo izindlela ze-oda eliphezulu, noma ama-waveguide amabili asondelene kakhulu okuholela ezinkingeni zokuxhuma ezingalindelekile cishe ngeke abonakale ngesikhathi sokulingisa. Ngakho-ke, yize amathuluzi okulingisa athuthukile enikeza amakhono okuqinisekisa ukuklama anamandla, kusadinga izinga eliphezulu lokuqapha nokuhlola ngokucophelela ngumklami, kuhlanganiswe nokuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo nolwazi lobuchwepheshe, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka komklamo nokunciphisa ingozi yeshidi lokugeleza.
Indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-sparse FDTD ivumela ukulingisa kwe-3D kanye ne-2D FDTD ukuthi kwenziwe ngqo kumklamo ophelele we-PIC ukuqinisekisa umklamo. Nakuba kunzima kunoma yiliphi ithuluzi lokulingisa i-electromagnetic ukulingisa i-PIC enkulu kakhulu, i-sparse FDTD iyakwazi ukulingisa indawo enkulu yendawo. Ku-3D FDTD yendabuko, ukulingisa kuqala ngokuqalisa izingxenye eziyisithupha zensimu ye-electromagnetic ngaphakathi kwevolumu ethile elinganiselwe. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, ingxenye entsha yensimu kuvolumu iyabalwa, njalo njalo. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukubalwa okuningi, ngakho kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ku-sparse 3D FDTD, esikhundleni sokubala esinyathelweni ngasinye endaweni ngayinye yevolumu, kugcinwa uhlu lwezingxenye zensimu ezingahambisana ngokomqondo nevolumu enkulu ngokungahleliwe futhi zibalwe kuphela kulezo zingxenye. Esinyathelweni ngasinye sesikhathi, amaphuzu aseduze nezingxenye zensimu ayengezwa, kuyilapho izingxenye zensimu ezingaphansi komkhawulo othile wamandla ziyehliswa. Kwezinye izakhiwo, lokhu kubalwa kungaba ama-oda amaningana ngobukhulu ngokushesha kune-3D FDTD yendabuko. Kodwa-ke, ama-FDTDS amancane awasebenzi kahle lapho ebhekene nezakhiwo ezihlakazekile ngoba kulokhu insimu isakazeka kakhulu, okuholela ezinhlwini ezinde kakhulu futhi ezinzima ukuzilawula. Isibalo 1 sibonisa isithombe-skrini sesibonelo se-simulation ye-3D FDTD efana ne-polarization beam splitter (PBS).
Isithombe 1: Imiphumela yokulingisa evela ku-3D sparse FDTD. (A) umbono ophezulu wesakhiwo esilingiswayo, okuyi-coupler eqondisayo. (B) Ibonisa isithombe-skrini sokulingisa kusetshenziswa i-quasi-TE excitation. Imidwebo emibili engenhla ikhombisa umbono ophezulu wezimpawu ze-quasi-TE kanye ne-quasi-TM, kanti imidwebo emibili engezansi ikhombisa umbono ohambisanayo wesigaba. (C) Ibonisa isithombe-skrini sokulingisa kusetshenziswa i-quasi-TM excitation.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-23-2024