Umqondo nokuhlukaniswa kwama-nanolasers

I-Nanolaser uhlobo lwedivaysi ye-micro ne-nano eyenziwe nge-nanomatadium efana ne-nanowire njenge-resonator futhi ingakhipha i-laser ngaphansi kwe-phonexcitation noma ukuthokozela ngogesi. Ubukhulu bale-laser buvame kakhulu kuphela ngamakhulu ama-microns noma ama-microns kuphela, futhi ububanzi buye ku-oda le-nanometer, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuboniswa kwefilimu okuzayo, okuhlanganisiwe kanye nezinye izinkambu.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-nanolaser:

1. I-Nanowire Laser

Ngo-2001, abacwaningi e-University of California, eBerkeley, e-United States, badale i-laser encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni - ama-nanolasers - ku-nanooptic wire kuphela ubude bezinwele zomuntu. Le i-laser ayigcini nje ngokukhipha ama-ultraviolet lasers, kepha futhi ingahle ihlelwe ukuze ikhiphe ama-lasers asuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aya ku-ultraviolet ojulile. Abaphenyi basebenzise inqubo evamile ebizwa nge-Epiphytation ethambekele ekwakheni i-laser kusuka kumakristalu ahlanzekile eZinc onide. Baqale "amasiko" Nanomawudi, okungukuthi, kwakhiwa ngengqimba yegolide enobubanzi obungama-20nm kuya ku-150nm nobude obuyi-10,000 nm pure zinc onide izintambo. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho abacwaningi basebenza amakristalu ahlanzekile ze-zinc oxide kuma-nanowire ngenye i-laser ngaphansi komoya abamba ukushisa, amakristalu amsulwa uZinc onide akhipha i-laser nge-17nm kuphela. AmaNanolasers anjalo agcina asetshenziselwe ukukhomba amakhemikhali futhi athuthukise umthamo wokugcina wolwazi wama-computer disks namakhompyutha e-photonic.

2. I-Ultraviolet Nanolaser

Ngemuva kokuqala kwama-micro-lasers, ama-lasers ama-micro-ring, ama-ratum avalanche lasers, amakhemikhali we-avalanche lasers, ozakwabo bang peidong kanye nozakwabo e-University of California, eBerkeley, benze amaNanolasers amakamelo. Le Zinc oxide nanolaser ingakhipha i-laser nge-linewidth engaphansi kwe-0.3NM kanye ne-wavelength ka-385NM ngaphansi kwe-laser ekhanyayo, ebhekwa njengenye yamadivaysi okuqala asebenzayo asebenze nge-nanotechnology. Esigabeni sokuqala sentuthuko, abacwaningi babikezela ukuthi le zno nanalaser kulula ukuyikhiqiza, ukukhanya okuphezulu, ubukhulu obuncane, kanye nokusebenza kulingana noma okungcono kakhulu kunama-laser aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngenxa yekhono lokwenza ama-nanomare array aphezulu aphezulu, ama-ZNO Nanolasers angafaka izinhlelo eziningi ezingenzeki ngamadivayisi wanamuhla we-GAAS. Ukuze ukhule ama-lasers anjalo, i-ZNO nanomare ihlanganiswe nendlela yokuhamba yegesi ekhuthazeka ama-epitaxial crystal ukukhula. Okokuqala, i-sapthire substrate ihlanganiswe nesendlalelo sefilimu eli-1 nm ~ 3.5nm liminyene yegolide, bese likubeka esikebheni se-alumina, okuqukethwe kanye ne-substrate kufudunyezwa ku-AMmonia ageleza ukukhiqiza i-zn Steath, bese kuthi-ke umusi we-zn uthuthwe uye egumbini elingaphansi. I-Nanowires of 2μm ~ 10μM nge-Hexagonal Cross-Diasel Area yakhiqizwa kwinqubo yokukhula kwe-2min ~ 10min. Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi iZNO Nanowire yakha imbobo ye-laser yemvelo enobubanzi obungama-20nm kuya ku-150nm, futhi iningi (95%) yobubanzi bayo bungama-70nm kuya ku-100nm. Ukutadisha ukukhishwa okuvuselelwa kwama-nanawires, abacwaningi baphonsa amasampula endaweni ebamba ukushisa ngokukhishwa kwesine kwe-ND: I-Yag Laser (266NM WAVETH). Ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo ye-Emission Spectrum, ukukhanya kuvinjelwe ngokwanda kwamandla empompo. Lapho i-lasing idlula umbundu we-zno nanomare (cishe ama-40kW / cm), kuzovela indawo ephezulu kakhulu. Ububanzi bamaphoyinti aphezulu bungaphansi kuka-0.3NM, okungaphezulu kwe-1/50 ngaphansi komugqa obubanzi obuvela ku-Emission Vertex ngezansi komkhawulo. Lezi zimungulu ezincane kanye nokwenyuka okusheshayo ekukhuphukeni kokuphuma kwaholela ekutheni abacwaningi baphethe ngokuthi ukuphuma okuvuselelayo kwenzeka ngempela kulezi zinsuku. Ngakho-ke, lo mlungu we-nanomare angasebenza njengomthengisi wemvelo futhi ngenxa yalokho abe ngumthombo omuhle we-laser amancane. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi le ndoda efushane ye-wavelelaser ingahle isetshenziswe emasimini amakhompiyutha e-optical, ukugcinwa kolwazi kanye ne-nanoanalyzer.

3. I-Quantum Well Lasers

Ngaphambi nangemva kuka-2010, ububanzi bangempela bufakwe ku-Chip ye-semiconductor buzofinyelela ku-100nm noma ngaphansi, futhi kuzokwehla kuphela ama-elektroni ambalwa, futhi ukwehla kwe-elektroni kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni komjikelezo. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ama-ratum kahle ama-lasers azalwa. Kumakhenikhi we-quantum, insimu engaba khona ecindezela ukunyakaza kwama-elektroni futhi iqonde ngawo ibizwa nge-quantum kahle. Lokhu kuncipha kwe-quantum kusetshenziselwa ukwakha amazinga we-quantum energy kungqimba esebenzayo ye-semiconductor laser, ukuze ukuguqulwa kwe-elekthronikhi phakathi kwamazinga wamandla kubuse imisebe ye-laser, okuyi-quantum kahle laser. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-ratunt helsers kahle: I-Quantum Line Lasers kanye ne-Quantum Dot Lasers.

① I-Quantum Line Laser

Ososayensi bahlakulele ama-ratuntum wire lasers anama-1 000 anamandla amakhulu kunama-lasers endabuko, athatha igxathu elikhulu ekwakheni amakhompyutha asheshayo namadivayisi wokuxhumana. I-laser, engakhuphula ijubane lomsindo, ividiyo, i-inthanethi kanye nezinye izindlela zokuxhumana nge-FEBE-OPTICTS, yathuthukiswa ososayensi e-Yale University, i-MAx Planck Institute ye-physeden, eJalimane. Lawa ma-Lasers aphezulu aphezulu anganciphisa isidingo sokuphindaphinda okubizayo, afakwe njalo ama-80km (amamayela angama-50) eceleni komugqa wokuxhumana, futhi akhiqize ama-laser pulses angajulile njengoba ehamba ngefayibha (abaphindayo).