Umqondo nokuhlukaniswa kwama-nanolasers

I-Nanolaser iwuhlobo lwedivayisi encane ne-nano eyenziwe ngama-nanomaterials njenge-nanowire njenge-resonator futhi ingakhipha i-laser ngaphansi kwe-photoexcitation noma i-excitation kagesi. Ubukhulu bale laser ngokuvamile ngamakhulu ama-microns noma amashumi ama-microns, futhi ububanzi bufinyelela ku-oda le-nanometer, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuboniswa kwefilimu emincane yesikhathi esizayo, i-optics ehlanganisiwe nezinye izinkambu.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-nanolaser:

1. I-Nanowire laser

Ngo-2001, abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, e-United States, bakha i-laser encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni - ama-nanolasers - ocingweni lwe-nanooptic ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yobude bezinwele zomuntu. Le laser ayikhiphi nje imisebe ye-ultraviolet kuphela, kodwa futhi ingashunwa ukuze ikhiphe ama-lasers asukela kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuye kwe-ultraviolet ejulile. Abacwaningi basebenzise inqubo ejwayelekile ebizwa nge-epiphytation eqondisiwe ukudala i-laser kusuka kumakristalu e-zinc oxide ahlanzekile. Baqala "ukuhlakulela" ama-nanowires, okungukuthi, akhiwe phezu kongqimba lwegolide olunobubanzi obungu-20nm kuya ku-150nm nobude bezintambo ezihlanzekile ze-zinc oxide ezingu-10,000. Khona-ke, lapho abacwaningi benza amakristalu e-zinc oxide ahlanzekile kuma-nanowires ngenye i-laser ngaphansi kwe-greenhouse, amakristalu e-zinc oxide ahlanzekile akhipha i-laser enobude obuyi-17nm kuphela. Ama-nanolaser anjalo ekugcineni angasetshenziselwa ukuhlonza amakhemikhali futhi athuthukise umthamo wokugcinwa kolwazi wamadiski ekhompyutha namakhompyutha ezithombe.

2. I-Ultraviolet nanolaser

Ngemva kokufika kwama-micro-lasers, ama-micro-disk lasers, ama-micro-ring lasers, nama-quantum avalanche lasers, usokhemisi u-Yang Peidong kanye nozakwabo eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, benza ama-nanolaser egumbi. Le zinc oxide nanolaser ingakhipha i-laser enobubanzi bomugqa obungaphansi kuka-0.3nm kanye nobude begagasi obungu-385nm ngaphansi kwesasasa elikhanyayo, elithathwa njengelaser elincane kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nelinye lamathuluzi okuqala asebenzayo akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-nanotechnology. Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka, abacwaningi babikezele ukuthi le nanolaser ye-ZnO kulula ukuyenza, ukukhanya okuphezulu, usayizi omncane, futhi ukusebenza kuyalingana noma kungcono nakakhulu kune-GaN blue lasers. Ngenxa yekhono lokwenza ama-nanowire axhumene kakhulu nenani eliphezulu, ama-nanolasers e-ZnO angafaka izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezingenakwenzeka ngamadivaysi e-GaAs anamuhla. Ukuze kukhule ama-laser anjalo, i-ZnO nanowire ihlanganiswa ngendlela yokuthutha igesi eyenza ukukhula kwe-epitaxial crystal. Okokuqala, i-substrate yesafire imbozwe ungqimba lwefilimu yegolide engu-1 nm ~ 3.5nm, bese iyibeka esikebheni se-alumina, impahla kanye ne-substrate kushisiswe ku-880 ° C ~ 905 ° C ekugelezeni kwe-ammonia ukuze kukhiqizwe. I-Zn steam, bese umusi we-Zn uhanjiswa ku-substrate. Ama-Nanowires angu-2μm~10μm anendawo ephambanayo eyi-hexagonal akhiqizwa kunqubo yokukhula engu-2min~10min. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi i-ZnO nanowire yakha i-laser cavity yemvelo enobubanzi obungu-20nm kuya ku-150nm, futhi iningi (95%) lobubanzi bayo liyi-70nm kuya ku-100nm. Ukutadisha ukukhishwa okugqugquzelwe kwe-nanowires, abacwaningi bapompa isampula ngokubonakalayo endaweni ebamba ukushisa enomphumela wesine we-harmonic we-Nd:YAG laser (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse wide). Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwe-spectrum ye-emission, ukukhanya kukhubazekile ngokwanda kwamandla wepompo. Uma i-lasing idlula umkhawulo we-ZnO nanowire (cishe u-40kW/cm), indawo ephakeme kakhulu izovela ku-spectrum ekhishwayo. Ububanzi bomugqa balawa maphoyinti aphakeme bungaphansi kuka-0.3nm, obungaphezu kuka-1/50 ngaphansi kobubanzi bomugqa osuka ku-vertex ekhiphayo ngaphansi komkhawulo. Lawa ma-linewidths amancane kanye nokwanda okusheshayo kwamandla okukhishwa kwaholela abacwaningi baphethe ngokuthi ukukhishwa okukhuthazwayo kuyenzeka ngempela kulawa ma-nanowires. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlelo lwe-nanowire lungasebenza njenge-resonator yemvelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela lube umthombo okahle we-laser micro. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le nanolaser ye-wavelength emfushane ingasetshenziswa emkhakheni we-optical computing, isitoreji solwazi kanye ne-nanoanalyzer.

3. Ama-lasers we-quantum kahle

Ngaphambi nangemva kuka-2010, ububanzi bomugqa oqoshwe ku-chip ye-semiconductor buzofinyelela ku-100nm noma ngaphansi, futhi kuzoba nama-electron ambalwa kuphela ahambayo kumjikelezo, futhi ukwanda nokuncipha kwe-electron kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-electron. isifunda. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kwazalwa ama-lasers we-quantum well. Ku-quantum mechanics, inkambu engaba khona evimbela ukunyakaza kwama-electron futhi iwalinganisele ibizwa ngokuthi umthombo we-quantum. Lesi sivimbelo se-quantum sisetshenziselwa ukwakha amazinga e-quantum amandla ongqimba olusebenzayo lwe-laser ye-semiconductor, ukuze uguquko lwe-electronic phakathi kwamazinga wamandla lulawule imisebe ejabulisayo ye-laser, okuyi-laser ye-quantum well. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamalaser we-quantum well: ama-laser we-quantum line nama-laser amachashazi e-quantum.

① I-laser ye-quantum

Ososayensi benze ama-laser e-quantum wire anamandla aphindwe ka-1,000 kune-lasers evamile, athatha isinyathelo esikhulu sokudala amakhompyutha asheshayo kanye namadivayisi okuxhumana. I-laser, engakhuphula ijubane lokulalelwayo, ividiyo, i-inthanethi nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana ngamanethiwekhi e-fiber-optic, yathuthukiswa ososayensi baseYale University, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS eNew Jersey kanye neMax Planck Institute for Physics eDresden, EJalimane. Lawa ma-laser anamandla aphezulu anganciphisa isidingo sama-Repeaters abizayo, afakwa njalo ngamakhilomitha angama-80 (amamayela angu-50) eduze komugqa wokuxhumana, aphinde akhiqize ama-laser pulses angashubi kangako njengoba ehamba ngefayibha (Ama-Repeaters).