I-Nanolaser uhlobo lwedivayisi encane nencane eyenziwe ngezinto ezincane ezifana ne-nanowire njenge-resonator futhi ingakhipha i-laser ngaphansi kwe-photoexcitation noma i-electric excitation. Usayizi wale laser uvame ukuba ngamakhulu ama-micron noma ngisho namashumi ama-micron, futhi ububanzi bufinyelela ku-nanometer order, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yesibonisi sefilimu esincane esizayo, i-integrated optics kanye neminye imikhakha.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-nanolaser:
1. I-laser ye-nanowire
Ngo-2001, abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, e-United States, bakha i-laser encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni - ama-nanolasers - entanjeni ye-nanooptic eyodwa kuphela kwenkulungwane yobude bezinwele zomuntu. Le laser ayikhiphi nje kuphela ama-ultraviolet lasers, kodwa futhi ingalungiswa ukuze ikhiphe ama-laser asukela ku-blue kuya ku-ultraviolet ejulile. Abacwaningi basebenzise inqubo ejwayelekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-oriented epiphytation ukudala i-laser kusuka kumakristalu e-zinc oxide ahlanzekile. Baqale “bakhulisa” ama-nanowires, okungukuthi, akhiwe ongqimbeni lwegolide olunobubanzi obungu-20nm kuya ku-150nm kanye nobude obungu-10,000 nm izintambo ze-zinc oxide ezihlanzekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho abacwaningi besebenzisa amakristalu e-zinc oxide ahlanzekile kuma-nanowires ngenye i-laser ngaphansi kwe-greenhouse, amakristalu e-zinc oxide ahlanzekile akhipha i-laser enobude obungu-17nm kuphela. Ama-nanolasers anjalo ekugcineni angasetshenziswa ukuhlonza amakhemikhali nokuthuthukisa amandla okugcina ulwazi lwamadiski ekhompyutha namakhompyutha e-photonic.
2. I-nanolaser ye-Ultraviolet
Ngemva kokuvela kwama-micro-laser, ama-micro-disk lasers, ama-micro-ring lasers, kanye nama-quantum avalanche lasers, isazi semithi uYang Peidong kanye nozakwabo eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, benza ama-nanolaser okushisa kwegumbi. Le nanolaser ye-zinc oxide ingakhipha i-laser enobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-0.3nm kanye nobude obungu-385nm ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhanyayo, okubhekwa njenge-laser encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ingenye yamadivayisi okuqala asebenzayo akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-nanotechnology. Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, abacwaningi babikezela ukuthi le nanolaser ye-ZnO kulula ukuyikhiqiza, ukukhanya okuphezulu, usayizi omncane, kanye nokusebenza kwayo kufana noma kungcono kakhulu kune-GaN blue lasers. Ngenxa yekhono lokwenza ama-nanowire arrays aphezulu, ama-nanolaser e-ZnO angangena ezinhlelweni eziningi ezingenakwenzeka ngamadivayisi e-GaAs anamuhla. Ukuze kukhuliswe ama-laser anjalo, i-ZnO nanowire yenziwa ngendlela yokuthutha igesi ekhuthaza ukukhula kwekristalu ye-epitaxial. Okokuqala, i-substrate yesafire imbozwe ngesendlalelo sefilimu yegolide engu-1 nm ~ 3.5nm obukhulu, bese ifakwa esikebheni se-alumina, izinto kanye ne-substrate kushiswa ku-880 ° C ~ 905 ° C ekugelezeni kwe-ammonia ukuze kukhiqizwe umusi we-Zn, bese umusi we-Zn uthuthwa uye ku-substrate. Izintambo ezincane ezingama-2μm ~ 10μm ezinezindawo ezinqamula izinhlangothi ezinezinhlangothi eziyisithupha zakhiqizwa enkambisweni yokukhula yemizuzu emi-2 ~ 10min. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi i-nanowire ye-ZnO yakha umgodi we-laser wemvelo onobubanzi obungama-20nm kuya ku-150nm, futhi iningi (95%) lobubanzi bayo lingama-70nm kuya ku-100nm. Ukuze bafunde ukukhishwa okukhuthaziwe kwezintambo ezincane, abacwaningi bapompa isampula ngokukhanya endaweni eluhlaza okotshani ngomphumela wesine we-harmonic we-laser ye-Nd:YAG (ubude be-266nm, ububanzi be-3ns pulse). Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwe-spectrum yokukhishwa, ukukhanya kuncishiswa ngokwanda kwamandla ephampu. Uma i-lasing idlula umkhawulo we-nanowire ye-ZnO (cishe i-40kW/cm), iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lizovela ku-spectrum yokukhishwa. Ububanzi bomugqa bala maphuzu aphezulu bungaphansi kuka-0.3nm, okungaphezu kuka-1/50 ngaphansi kobubanzi bomugqa kusukela ku-vertex yokukhishwa ngaphansi komkhawulo. Lawa mabanga amancane kanye nokwanda okusheshayo kokuqina kokukhishwa kwaholela abacwaningi ekuphetheni ngokuthi ukukhishwa okukhuthazwayo kuyenzeka ngempela kulawa ma-nanowire. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlu lwe-nanowire lungasebenza njenge-resonator yemvelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela lube umthombo we-micro laser ofanele. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le nanolaser ye-short-wavelength ingasetshenziswa emikhakheni yokubala okukhanya, isitoreji solwazi kanye ne-nanoanalyzer.
3. Ama-laser e-Quantum well
Ngaphambi nangemva kuka-2010, ububanzi bomugqa obuqoshwe ku-chip ye-semiconductor buzofinyelela ku-100nm noma ngaphansi, futhi kuzoba nama-electron ambalwa kuphela ahambayo kusekethe, futhi ukwanda nokuncipha kwe-electron kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwesekethe. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kwazalwa ama-laser e-quantum well. Ku-quantum mechanics, insimu engaba khona evimbela ukunyakaza kwama-electron futhi iwalinganise ibizwa ngokuthi i-quantum well. Lo mkhawulo we-quantum usetshenziselwa ukwakha amazinga e-quantum energy kungqimba olusebenzayo lwe-laser ye-semiconductor, ukuze ukuguquka kwe-elekthronikhi phakathi kwamazinga e-energy kulawule imisebe evuselelwe ye-laser, okuyi-quantum well laser. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-quantum well lasers: ama-quantum line lasers nama-quantum dot lasers.
① I-laser yomugqa we-Quantum
Ososayensi bathuthukise ama-laser e-quantum wire anamandla ngokuphindwe kayi-1,000 kune-laser yendabuko, bethatha isinyathelo esikhulu ekudaleni amakhompyutha namadivayisi okuxhumana asheshayo. I-laser, engandisa isivinini somsindo, ividiyo, i-inthanethi nezinye izindlela zokuxhumana ngamanethiwekhi e-fiber-optic, yathuthukiswa ososayensi eYale University, iLucent Technologies Bell LABS eNew Jersey kanye neMax Planck Institute for Physics eDresden, eJalimane. La ma-laser anamandla aphezulu anganciphisa isidingo sama-Repeaters abizayo, afakwa njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-80 (amamayela angu-50) emgqeni wokuxhumana, futhi akhiqize ama-pulse e-laser anganamandla kangako njengoba ehamba nge-fiber (ama-Repeaters).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-15-2023