Muva nje, i-Institute of Applied Physics ye-Russian Academy of Sciences yethule i-eXawatt Center for Extreme Light Study (XCELS), uhlelo locwaningo lwamadivayisi amakhulu esayensi asekelwe ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile.high amandla lasers. Le phrojekthi kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kakhuluhigh amandla laserngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-optical parametric chirped pulse amplification ekuvuleni okukhulu kwe-potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP, ikhemikhali yefomula KD2PO4) amakristalu, anomphumela olindelekile ophelele wamapulse wamandla aphezulu angu-600 PW. Lo msebenzi uhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile nokutholwe kocwaningo mayelana nephrojekthi ye-XCELS nezinhlelo zayo ze-laser, echaza izinhlelo zokusebenza nomthelela ongaba khona ohlobene nokusebenzisana kwenkambu yokukhanya okunamandla kakhulu.
Uhlelo lwe-XCELS lwahlongozwa ngo-2011 ngenhloso yokuqala yokuthola amandla aphezululaserukuphuma kwe-pulse ka-200 PW, okwamanje okuthuthukisiwe ku-600 PW. Yakhouhlelo lwe-laserincike kubuchwepheshe obuthathu obubalulekile:
(1) Ubuchwepheshe be-Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) busetshenziswa esikhundleni se-Chirped Pulse Amplification evamile (I-Chirped Pulse Amplification, OPCPA). CPA) ubuchwepheshe;
(2) Ukusebenzisa i-DKDP njengendawo yokuzuza, ukufaniswa kwesigaba se-ultra wideband kwenziwa eduze no-910 nm wavelength;
(3) Indawo enkulu yengilazi ye-neodymium laser enamandla okushaya kwezinkulungwane zamajowule isetshenziswa ukumpompa i-parametric amplifier.
Ukufanisa kwesigaba se-Ultra-wideband kutholakala kabanzi kumakristalu amaningi futhi kusetshenziswa kumalaser we-OPCPA femtosecond. Amakristalu e-DKDP asetshenziswa ngoba kuwukuphela kwento etholakala ekusebenzeni engakhuliswa ibe amashumi amasentimitha ombobo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibe nezimfanelo zokubona ezamukelekayo ukusekela ukukhuliswa kwamandla e-multi-PW.ama-laser. Kutholwe ukuthi uma ikristalu ye-DKDP iphantshwa ukukhanya okuphindwe kabili kwe-laser yengilazi ye-ND, uma ubude beza obuphethe be-pulse ekhulisiwe bungu-910 nm, amatemu amathathu okuqala okunwetshwa kukaTaylor kokungafani kwe-vector ye-wave kungu-0.
Umfanekiso 1 uyisakhiwo sohlelo lwesistimu ye-laser ye-XCELS. Ingemuva langaphambili likhiqize ama-pulses e-femtosecond atshiyozayo anobude obumaphakathi obungu-910 nm (1.3 kuMfanekiso 1) kanye namapulse we-nanosecond angu-1054 nm ajovwe ku-OPCPA epompa i-laser (1.1 kanye no-1.2 kuMfanekiso 1). Indawo engaphambili iphinde iqinisekise ukuvumelanisa kwalawa ma-pulses kanye namandla adingekayo kanye namapharamitha we-spatiotemporal. I-OPCPA emaphakathi esebenza ngezinga eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda (1 Hz) ikhulisa ishayela elitshiyozayo libe amashumi ama-joules (2 kuMfanekiso 1). I-pulse ibuye ikhuliswe yi-Booster OPCPA ibe yi-kilojoule eyodwa ye-kilojoule futhi ihlukaniswe yaba ama-sub-beams afanayo angu-12 (4 ku-Figure 1). Ku-OPCPA yokugcina engu-12, ukukhanya ngakunye kwe-12 okutshiyozayo kukhuliswa kuye kuleveli ye-kilojoule (5 kuMfanekiso 1) bese kucindezelwa ngamagreyithi okucindezela angu-12 (GC ka-6 kuMfanekiso 1). Isihlungi esihlakazekayo se-acousto-optic esihlelekayo sisetshenziswa ngaphambili ukuze kulawuleke ngokunembile ukuhlakazeka kwesivinini seqembu kanye nokuhlakazeka kokuhleleka okuphezulu, ukuze kutholwe ububanzi obuncane bokushaya kwenhliziyo. I-pulse spectrum inomumo ocishe ube yi-12th-order supergauss, kanye nomkhawulokudonsa we-spectral ku-1% yenani eliphezulu ngu-150 nm, ohambisana nobubanzi be-pulse ye-Fourier transform engu-17 fs. Uma kucatshangelwa isinxephezelo esingaphelele sokuhlakazeka kanye nobunzima besinxephezelo sesigaba esingaqondile kuma-amplifiers epharamitha, ububanzi be-pulse obulindelwe bungu-20 fs.
I-laser ye-XCELS izosebenzisa amamojula amabili aphindwe kabili we-laser yengilazi engu-8-channel UFL-2M neodymium (3 kuMfanekiso 1), kuzosetshenziswa iziteshi ezingu-13 ukumpompa i-Booster OPCPA kanye ne-OPCPA yokugcina engu-12. Iziteshi ezintathu ezisele zizosetshenziswa njenge-nanosecond kilojoule esheshayoimithombo laserkokunye ukuhlola. Kukhawulelwe umkhawulo wokuqhekeka obonakalayo wamakristalu e-DKDP, amandla okukhipha imisebe e-pumped pulse asethelwe ku-1.5 GW/cm2 esiteshini ngasinye futhi ubude besikhathi bungu-3.5 ns.
Ishaneli ngayinye ye-laser ye-XCELS ikhiqiza ama-pulses ngamandla angu-50 PW. Isamba seziteshi eziyi-12 sinikeza amandla okukhiphayo angama-600 PW. Egunjini okuhloswe ngalo okuyinhloko, ukuqina okukhulu kokugxila kwesiteshi ngasinye ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle ngu-0.44×1025 W/cm2, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-F/1 yokugxila isetshenziselwa ukugxila. Uma ukushaya kwesiteshi ngasinye kuphinde kucindezelwe ku-2.6 fs ngenqubo yangemuva kokuminyanisa, amandla okukhiphayo ahambisanayo azokhushulwa abe ngu-230 PW, ahambisane nokuqina kokukhanya kwe-2.0×1025 W/cm2.
Ukuze uzuze ukukhanya okukhulu, ekuphumeni kwe-600 PW, ama-pulses okukhanya eziteshini ze-12 azogxila ku-geometry yemisebe ye-dipole e-inverse, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 2. Uma isigaba se-pulse esiteshini ngasinye singavaliwe, ukugxila okugxilwe kungakwazi finyelela ku-9×1025 W/cm2. Uma isigaba sokushaya kwenhliziyo ngasinye sikhiyiwe futhi sivunyelanisiwe, umphumela wokukhanya ohambisanayo uzonyuswa ube ngu-3.2×1026 W/cm2. Ngaphezu kwegumbi okuhloswe ngalo okuyinhloko, iphrojekthi ye-XCELS ihlanganisa amalabhorethri abasebenzisi abangafika kwabayi-10, ngayinye ithola uhlaka olulodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo. Isebenzisa le nkambu yokukhanya eqine ngokwedlulele, iphrojekthi ye-XCELS ihlela ukwenza izivivinyo ngezigaba ezine: izinqubo ze-quantum electrodynamics emikhakheni ye-laser eqinile; Ukukhiqizwa nokusheshisa kwezinhlayiya; Ukukhiqizwa kwemisebe ye-electromagnetic yesibili; I-astrophysics yaselabhorethri, izinqubo zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nocwaningo lokuxilonga.
I-FIG. 2 Ukugxilisa i-geometry ekamelweni eliqondiwe eliyinhloko. Ukuze kucace, isibuko se-parabolic se-beam 6 sisethwe ukuze sibe sobala, futhi imishayo yokufaka nokuphumayo ibonisa iziteshi ezimbili kuphela 1 no-7.
Umfanekiso wesi-3 ubonisa ukwakheka kwendawo yendawo ngayinye esebenzayo yohlelo lwe-laser ye-XCELS esakhiweni sokuhlola. Ugesi, amaphampu evacuum, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi, ukuhlanzwa kanye nesimo somoya kutholakala endaweni engaphansi. Ingqikithi yendawo yokwakha ingaphezu kuka-24,000 m2. Ingqikithi yamandla asetshenziswayo icishe ibe ngu-7.5 MW. Isakhiwo sokuhlola siqukethe uhlaka oluphelele lwangaphakathi oluyigodi kanye nengxenye yangaphandle, ngayinye eyakhelwe ezisekelweni ezimbili ezihlukanisiwe. I-vacuum nezinye izinhlelo ezithinta ukudlidliza zifakwe kusisekelo esihlukaniswe ukudlidliza, ukuze ubukhulu bokuphazamiseka obudluliselwe ohlelweni lwe-laser ngesisekelo nokusekelwa kwehliswe kube ngaphansi kuka-10-10 g2/Hz ebangeni lemvamisa 1-200 Hz. Ukwengeza, inethiwekhi yomaka bereferensi ye-geodesic iyamiswa ehholo le-laser ukuze iqaphe ngokuhlelekile ukukhukhuleka komhlaba kanye nezinto zokusebenza.
Iphrojekthi ye-XCELS ihlose ukwakha isikhungo esikhulu socwaningo lwesayensi esisekelwe kumalaser anamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Ishaneli eyodwa yohlelo lwe-laser ye-XCELS ingase inikeze ukukhanya okugxilile okuphindwe izikhathi eziningana kuno-1024 W/cm2, okungase kudlulwe ngokuqhubekayo ngo-1025 W/cm2 ngobuchwepheshe bangemuva kokuminyanisa. Ngokugxila kwe-dipole-focusing pulses kusuka eziteshini eziyi-12 ohlelweni lwe-laser, ukuqina okusondele ku-1026 W/cm2 kungafinyelelwa ngaphandle kokucindezelwa kwangemuva nokukhiya isigaba. Uma ukuvumelanisa kwesigaba phakathi kwamashaneli kukhiyiwe, ukukhanya kuzoba phezulu izikhathi ezimbalwa. Sisebenzisa lawa mandla okushaya kwenhliziyo okwephula irekhodi kanye nesakhiwo semishayo eminingi, isikhungo se-XCELS sesikhathi esizayo sizokwazi ukwenza izivivinyo ngokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu, ukusabalalisa kwenkambu yokukhanya okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokuhlonza ukusebenzisana kusetshenziswa imishayo ye-laser eneziteshi eziningi nemisebe yesibili. Lokhu kuzodlala indima eyingqayizivele emkhakheni wefiziksi yokuhlola yenkundla kagesi enamandla kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-26-2024