Muva nje, i-Institute of Applied Physics ye-Russian Academy of Sciences yethule i-eXawatt Center for Extreme Light Study (XCELS), uhlelo lokucwaninga lwamadivayisi amakhulu esayensi asekelwe kakhuluama-laser anamandla aphezuluLo msebenzi uhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esikhethekile kakhului-laser enamandla aphezulungokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa i-pulse ephihliwe ye-optical parametric kumakristalu e-potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP, ifomula yamakhemikhali i-KD2PO4), ngokukhishwa okuphelele okulindelekile kwama-pulse wamandla aphezulu angu-600 e-PW. Lo msebenzi unikeza imininingwane ebalulekile kanye nokutholakele kocwaningo mayelana nephrojekthi ye-XCELS kanye nezinhlelo zayo ze-laser, echaza izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nemiphumela engaba khona ehlobene nokusebenzisana kwensimu yokukhanya enamandla kakhulu.
Uhlelo lwe-XCELS lwaphakanyiswa ngo-2011 ngenhloso yokuqala yokufinyelela amandla aphezulu.i-laserUkukhishwa kwe-pulse okungu-200 PW, okwamanje okuthuthukisiwe kwaba ngu-600 PW.uhlelo lwe-laserincike kubuchwepheshe obuthathu obubalulekile:
(1) Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) esikhundleni sobuchwepheshe be-Chirped Pulse Amplification (Chirped Pulse Amplification, OPCPA). CPA bendabuko;
(2) Ukusebenzisa i-DKDP njenge-gain medium, ukufaniswa kwesigaba se-ultra wideband kutholakala eduze kobude be-wavelength obungu-910 nm;
(3) I-laser yengilazi ye-neodymium enkulu evulekile enamandla okushaya kwenhliziyo ezinkulungwane zama-joules isetshenziswa ukupompa i-amplifier ye-parametric.
Ukufanisa isigaba se-Ultra-wideband kutholakala kabanzi kumakristalu amaningi futhi kusetshenziswa kuma-laser e-OPCPA femtosecond. Amakristalu e-DKDP asetshenziswa ngoba yiwona kuphela atholakala ekusebenzeni angakhuliswa abe amashumi amasentimitha okuvula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abe nezimfanelo zokukhanya ezamukelekayo ukusekela ukukhuliswa kwamandla e-multi-PW.ama-laserKutholakale ukuthi lapho ikristalu ye-DKDP iphampulwa ukukhanya kwemvamisa ephindwe kabili kwe-laser yengilazi ye-ND, uma ubude be-wavelength ye-carrier ye-amplified pulse bungu-910 nm, imigomo emithathu yokuqala yokwandiswa kwe-Taylor kwe-wave vector mismatch ingu-0.
Isithombe 1 yisakhiwo esihlelekile sohlelo lwe-laser lwe-XCELS. I-front end ikhiqize ama-chirped femtosecond pulses anobude be-wavelength obuphakathi obungu-910 nm (1.3 ku-Figure 1) kanye nama-nanosecond pulses angu-1054 nm afakwe ku-OPCPA pumped laser (1.1 no-1.2 ku-Figure 1). I-front end iphinde iqinisekise ukuvumelanisa kwala ma-pulses kanye namandla adingekayo kanye namapharamitha e-spatiotemporal. I-OPCPA ephakathi esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu sokuphindaphinda (1 Hz) ikhulisa i-chirped pulse ibe amashumi ama-joules (2 ku-Figure 1). I-pulse ikhuliswa kakhulu yi-Booster OPCPA ibe yi-kilojoule beam eyodwa futhi ihlukaniswe ngama-sub-beams angu-12 afanayo (4 ku-Figure 1). Ku-OPCPA yokugcina engu-12, i-pulse ngayinye yokukhanya oku-chirped engu-12 ikhuliswa ezingeni le-kilojoule (5 ku-Figure 1) bese icindezelwa yi-compression gratings engu-12 (GC ka-6 ku-Figure 1). Isihlungi se-acousto-optic dispersion esihleliwe sisetshenziswa engxenyeni engaphambili ukulawula ngokunembile ukusabalala kwejubane leqembu kanye nokusabalala kwe-high order, ukuze kutholakale ububanzi be-pulse obuncane kakhulu. I-pulse spectrum inesimo se-supergauss ye-12th-order cishe, kanti i-bandwidth ye-spectral engu-1% yenani eliphezulu ingu-150 nm, ehambisana nobubanzi be-pulse obulinganiselwe be-Fourier transform obungu-17 fs. Uma ucabangela isinxephezelo sokusabalala esingaphelele kanye nobunzima be-nonlinear phase compensation kuma-amplifiers e-parametric, ububanzi be-pulse obulindelwe bungu-20 fs.
I-laser ye-XCELS izosebenzisa amamojula amabili okuphindaphindwa kwemvamisa ye-laser yengilazi ye-UFL-2M eneziteshi ezingu-8 (3 kuMfanekiso 1), lapho kuzosetshenziswa iziteshi ezingu-13 ukupompa i-Booster OPCPA kanye ne-OPCPA yokugcina engu-12. Iziteshi ezintathu ezisele zizosetshenziswa njenge-nanosecond kilojoule ezizimele ezishaywayo.imithombo ye-laserkwezinye izivivinyo. Kunqunyelwe umkhawulo wokuqhekeka kwe-optical wamakristalu e-DKDP, amandla okukhanya kwe-pulse epompiwe asethwe ku-1.5 GW/cm2 yesiteshi ngasinye futhi ubude buyi-3.5 ns.
Isiteshi ngasinye se-laser ye-XCELS sikhiqiza ama-pulse anamandla angu-50 PW. Iziteshi ezingu-12 sezizonke zinikeza amandla okukhipha angu-600 PW. Ekamelweni eliyinhloko eliqondiwe, amandla okugxila aphezulu esiteshi ngasinye ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele ngu-0.44×1025 W/cm2, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi izakhi zokugxila ze-F/1 zisetshenziselwa ukugxila. Uma i-pulse yesiteshi ngasinye icindezelwa kakhulu ibe ngu-2.6 fs ngokusebenzisa indlela yokucindezela ngemuva kokucindezela, amandla okushaya okukhipha ahambisanayo azokhushulwa abe ngu-230 PW, ahambisana namandla okukhanya angu-2.0×1025 W/cm2.
Ukuze kufezwe amandla amakhulu okukhanya, ekuphumeni okungu-600 PW, ama-pulse okukhanya eziteshini ezingu-12 azogxila ku-geometry yemisebe ye-dipole ephambene, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 2. Uma isigaba se-pulse esiteshini ngasinye singavaliwe, amandla okugxila angafinyelela ku-9 × 1025 W/cm2. Uma isigaba ngasinye se-pulse sivaliwe futhi sivumelanisiwe, amandla okukhanya ahambisanayo azokhushulwa abe ngu-3.2 × 1026 W/cm2. Ngaphezu kwegumbi eliyinhloko eliqondiwe, iphrojekthi ye-XCELS ifaka ama-laboratories abasebenzisi afinyelela ku-10, ngalinye lithola umsebe owodwa noma ngaphezulu wokuhlola. Isebenzisa le nsimu yokukhanya enamandla kakhulu, iphrojekthi ye-XCELS ihlela ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngezigaba ezine: izinqubo ze-quantum electrodynamics emasimini e-laser aqinile; Ukukhiqizwa nokusheshiswa kwezinhlayiya; Ukukhiqizwa kwemisebe ye-electromagnetic yesibili; i-astrophysics yelabhorethri, izinqubo zobuningi bamandla aphezulu kanye nocwaningo lokuxilonga.
UMFANELO 2 I-geometry yokugxila ekamelweni eliyinhloko eliqondiwe. Ukuze kucace, isibuko esifana nesibuko somsebe 6 sisethwe ukuze sibonakale, kanti imisebe yokufaka neyokukhipha ikhombisa iziteshi ezimbili kuphela 1 no-7
Isithombe 3 sibonisa ukwakheka kwendawo yendawo ngayinye esebenzayo yesistimu ye-laser ye-XCELS esakhiweni sokuhlola. Ugesi, amaphampu e-vacuum, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, ukuhlanza kanye ne-air conditioning kutholakala engaphansi. Indawo yokwakha iyonke ingaphezu kuka-24,000 m2. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kungaba ngu-7.5 MW. Isakhiwo sokuhlola sakhiwe uhlaka oluphelele lwangaphakathi olungenalutho kanye nengxenye yangaphandle, ngayinye eyakhelwe ezisekelweni ezimbili ezihlanganisiwe. I-vacuum kanye nezinye izinhlelo ezibangela ukudlidliza zifakwe esisekelweni esihlukanisiwe sokudlidliza, ukuze ubukhulu bokuphazamiseka okudluliselwe ohlelweni lwe-laser ngesisekelo kanye nokusekelwa kwehliswe kube ngaphansi kuka-10-10 g2/Hz ebangeni lemvamisa elingu-1-200 Hz. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inethiwekhi yezimpawu zokubhekisela ze-geodesic isethwe ehholo le-laser ukuze iqaphe ngokuhlelekile ukugeleza komhlabathi kanye nemishini.
Iphrojekthi ye-XCELS ihlose ukudala isikhungo esikhulu socwaningo lwesayensi esisekelwe kuma-laser wamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Isiteshi esisodwa sohlelo lwe-laser lwe-XCELS singanikeza amandla okukhanya okugxilile okuphindwe kaningana kuno-1024 W/cm2, okungadlula ngo-1025 W/cm2 ngobuchwepheshe be-post-compression. Ngama-pulse agxile ku-dipole avela eziteshini eziyi-12 ohlelweni lwe-laser, amandla aseduze no-1026 W/cm2 angafinyelelwa ngisho nangaphandle kokucindezela kanye nokukhiya kwesigaba. Uma ukuvumelanisa isigaba phakathi kweziteshi kukhiyiwe, amandla okukhanya azoba phezulu kaningana. Sisebenzisa la mandla okushaya kwe-pulse aphula amarekhodi kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-multi-channel beam, isikhungo se-XCELS esizayo sizokwazi ukwenza izivivinyo ngamandla aphezulu kakhulu, ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu yokukhanya okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokuhlonza ukusebenzisana kusetshenziswa imishayo ye-laser yeziteshi eziningi kanye nemisebe yesibili. Lokhu kuzodlala indima eyingqayizivele emkhakheni we-physics yokuhlola insimu ye-electromagnetic enamandla kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-26-2024