I-Bipolar-two-dimensional avalanche photodetector

I-Bipolar-two-dimensionali-avalanche photodetector

I-bipolar two-dimensional avalanche photodetector (I-APD photodetector) ifinyelela umsindo ophansi kakhulu nokutholwa kokuzwela okuphezulu

Ukutholwa okuzwela kakhulu kwama-photon ambalwa noma ngisho nama-photon awodwa kunamathuba okusebenza abalulekile emikhakheni efana ne-imaging yokukhanya ebuthakathaka, inzwa eyirimothi ne-telemetry, kanye nokuxhumana kwe-quantum. Phakathi kwazo, i-avalanche photodetector (APD) isibe isiqondiso esibalulekile emkhakheni wokucwaninga kwedivayisi ye-optoelectronic ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zobukhulu obuncane, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokuhlanganiswa okulula. I-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) iyinkomba ebalulekile ye-APD photodetector, edinga inzuzo ephezulu kanye nobumnyama obuphansi bamanje. Ucwaningo olumayelana ne-van der Waals heterojunctions yezinto ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili (2D) lubonisa amathuba abanzi ekuthuthukisweni kwama-APD asebenza kahle kakhulu. Abacwaningi abavela e-China bakhethe i-bipolar semiconductor material enezinhlangothi ezimbili i-WSe₂ njengento ethatha izithombe futhi ilungise ngokucophelela isithwebuli sesithombe se-APD esinesakhiwo se-Pt/WSe₂/Ni esinomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokufanisa, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yomsindo wokuzuza wendabuko yesithwebuli sesithombe se-APD.

Ithimba locwaningo liphakamise isithwebuli sesithombe se-avalanche esisekelwe esakhiweni se-Pt/WSe₂/Ni, esizuze ukutholwa okubucayi kakhulu kwamasignali okukhanya abuthaka ngokwedlulele ezingeni le-fW ekamelweni lokushisa. Bakhethe impahla ye-semiconductor enezinhlangothi ezimbili i-WSe₂, enezakhiwo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu, kanye nezinto ezihlanganisa i-Pt ne-Ni electrode ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo uhlobo olusha lwe-avalanche photodetector. Ngokwenza kahle umsebenzi wokufanisa phakathi kwe-Pt, WSe₂ kanye ne-Ni, kwaklanywa indlela yokuthutha engavimba ngempumelelo abathwali abamnyama kuyilapho ngokukhetha ivumela abathwali abakhiqizwe izithombe ukuthi badlule. Le nqubo inciphisa ngokuphawulekayo umsindo owedlulele obangelwa i-ionization yomthelela wenkampani yenethiwekhi, ivumela isitholi sesithombe ukuthi sifinyelele ukutholwa kwesignali yokubona ebucayi kakhulu ezingeni lomsindo eliphansi kakhulu.

Khona-ke, ukuze kucaciswe indlela engemuva komphumela we-avalanche obangelwa inkambu kagesi ebuthakathaka, abacwaningi baqale bahlola ukuhambisana kwemisebenzi engokwemvelo yezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene nge-WSe₂. Uchungechunge lwemishini ye-metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) enama-electrode ensimbi ahlukene yenziwa futhi kwenziwa izivivinyo ezifanele kuwo. Ukwengeza, ngokunciphisa ukuhlakazeka kwenkampani yenethiwekhi ngaphambi kokuba i-avalanche iqale, ukungahleliwe komthelela we-ionization kungancishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umsindo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okufanelekile kwenziwa. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuboniswe ukuphakama kwe-Pt/WSe₂/Ni APD ngokuya nezici zokuphendula isikhathi, abacwaningi baphinde bahlola umkhawulokudonsa we- -3 dB wedivayisi ngaphansi kwamanani ahlukene enzuzo kagesi wesithombe.

Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi umtshina we-Pt/WSe₂/Ni ubonisa amandla alingana nomsindo ophansi kakhulu (NEP) kuzinga lokushisa legumbi, elingu-8.07 fW/√Hz kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umtshina uyakwazi ukubona amasignali abonakala ebuthaka kakhulu. Ukwengeza, le divayisi ingasebenza ngokuzinzile ku-modulation frequency engu-20 kHz ngenzuzo ephezulu ye-5×10⁵, ixazulule ngempumelelo ibhodlela lezobuchwepheshe lezitholi zendabuko ze-photovoltaic okunzima ukulinganisa inzuzo ephezulu kanye nomkhawulokudonsa. Lesi sici kulindeleke ukuthi sisinikeze ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni ezidinga inzuzo ephezulu nomsindo ophansi.

Lolu cwaningo lukhombisa indima ebalulekile yobunjiniyela bezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwenza kahle kwesixhumi esibonakalayo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kweama-photodetectors. Ngokuklama okuhlakaniphile kwama-electrode nezinto ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili, umphumela wokuvikela wabathwali abamnyama uzuziwe, ukwehlisa kakhulu ukuphazamiseka komsindo nokuthuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa.

Ukusebenza kwalo mtshina akubonakali nje kuphela ezicini ze-photoelectric, kodwa futhi kunamathemba okufaka isicelo abanzi. Ngokuvinjwa kwaso okusebenzayo kwamandla amnyama kuzinga lokushisa legumbi kanye nokumuncwa okuphumelelayo kwezinkampani zenethiwekhi ezikhiqizwe izithombe, lesi sithwebuli sifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuthola amasignali okukhanya abuthakathaka ezinkambini ezifana nokuqapha imvelo, ukubhekwa kwezinkanyezi, nokuxhumana nokubona. Le mpumelelo yocwaningo ayihlinzeki ngemibono emisha kuphela yokuthuthukiswa kwezithonjana zezinto ezibonakalayo ezinobukhulu obuphansi, kodwa futhi inikeza izinkomba ezintsha zocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo nokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye namandla aphansi we-optoelectronic.