Amapharamitha ayisisekelo ohlelo lwe-laser

Amapharamitha ayisisekelo e-uhlelo lwe-laser

Ezinkambeni eziningi zokusetshenziswa ezifana nokucubungula izinto, ukuhlinzwa kwe-laser kanye nokuzwa okukude, yize kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo ze-laser, zivame ukwabelana ngamapharamitha athile ayisisekelo avamile. Ukusungula uhlelo lwamagama oluhlanganisiwe lwepharamitha kungasiza ekugwemeni ukudideka ekuvezeni futhi kuvumele abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe futhi balungiselele izinhlelo ze-laser kanye nezingxenye ngokunembe kakhudlwana, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo ezithile.

Amapharamitha ayisisekelo

Ubude be-Wavelength (amayunithi avamile: nm kuya ku-μm)

Ubude be-wave bubonisa izici zemvamisa yamaza okukhanya akhishwa yi-laser esikhaleni. Izimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa zinezidingo ezahlukene zama-wave: Ekucubungulweni kwezinto, izinga lokumuncwa kwezinto zama-wavevel athile liyahlukahluka, okuzothinta umphumela wokucubungula. Ezisetshenzisweni zokubona kude, kunomehluko ekumuncweni nasekuphazamisekeni kwama-wavevel ahlukene ngumkhathi. Ezisetshenzisweni zezokwelapha, ukumuncwa kwama-laser ngabantu abanemibala yesikhumba ehlukene nakho kuyahlukahluka kuye ngobude be-wave. Ngenxa yendawo encane egxile kuyo, ama-laser amafushane kanyeamadivayisi optical e-laserzinenzuzo ekudaleni izici ezincane nezinembile, zikhiqiza ukushisa okuncane kakhulu okuphathelene ne-peripheral. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-laser anama-wavelength amade, ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu futhi asengozini yokulimala.

2. Amandla namandla (Amayunithi avamile: W noma J)

Amandla e-laser avame ukulinganiswa ngama-watts (W) futhi asetshenziselwa ukukala umphumela wama-laser aqhubekayo noma amandla ajwayelekile ama-laser aqhutshwayo. Kuma-laser aqhutshwayo, amandla e-pulse eyodwa alingana ngqo namandla ajwayelekile futhi alingana ngokuphambene nemvamisa yokuphindaphinda, lapho iyunithi iyi-joule (J). Lapho amandla noma amandla ephakeme, lapho izindleko ze-laser ziphakama khona, isidingo sokushabalalisa ukushisa siba sikhulu, futhi ubunzima bokugcina ikhwalithi enhle ye-beam buyanda ngokufanele.

Amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo = isilinganiso sokuphindaphinda kwamandla Amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo = isilinganiso sokuphindaphinda kwamandla

3. Ubude be-pulse (Amayunithi avamile :fs kuya ku-ms)

Ubude be-laser pulse, eyaziwa nangokuthi ububanzi be-pulse, ngokuvamile buchazwa njengesikhathi esithathayo ukuzei-laserAmandla okukhuphuka afike engxenyeni yesiqongo sawo (FWHM) (Isithombe 1). Ububanzi be-pulse yama-laser asheshayo bufushane kakhulu, ngokuvamile busukela kuma-picosecond (imizuzwana eyi-10⁻¹²) kuya kuma-attosecond (imizuzwana eyi-10⁻¹⁸).

4. Izinga lokuphindaphinda (Amayunithi avamile: Hz kuya ku-MHZ)

Izinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-i-laser evuvukile(okungukuthi, imvamisa yokuphindaphinda kwe-pulse) ichaza inani lama-pulse akhishwa ngomzuzwana, okungukuthi, ukuphindaphinda kwesikhala se-timing pulse (Isithombe 1). Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinga lokuphindaphinda lilingana ngokuphambene namandla e-pulse futhi lilingana ngqo namandla ajwayelekile. Nakuba izinga lokuphindaphinda livame ukuncika ku-laser gain medium, ezimweni eziningi, izinga lokuphindaphinda lingahluka. Uma izinga lokuphindaphinda liphakeme, isikhathi sokuphumula kokushisa sobuso be-laser optical element kanye nendawo yokugcina egxile kuyo siba sifushane, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumela izinto ukuthi zishise ngokushesha.

5. Ubude bokuhambisana (Amayunithi avamile :mm kuya ku-cm)

Ama-Laser anokuhambisana, okusho ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obuqinile phakathi kwamanani esigaba sensimu kagesi ngezikhathi noma izikhundla ezahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-laser akhiqizwa ukukhishwa okushukunyisiwe, okuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zemithombo yokukhanya. Phakathi nenqubo yonke yokusabalala, ukuvumelana kuya ngokuya kuba buthaka, futhi ubude bokuhambisana kwe-laser buchaza ibanga lapho ukuvumelana kwayo kwesikhathi kugcina khona isisindo esithile.

6. Ukuhlukaniswa

I-Polarization ichaza indlela yensimu kagesi yamagagasi okukhanya, ehlala iqonde ngqo endleleni yokusabalala. Ezimweni eziningi, ama-laser ahlukaniswe ngomugqa, okusho ukuthi insimu kagesi ekhishwayo ihlala ikhomba ohlangothini olufanayo. Ukukhanya okungeyona i-polarized kukhiqiza amasimu kagesi akhomba ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Izinga le-polarization livame ukuvezwa njengesilinganiso samandla okukhanya ezimo ezimbili ze-orthogonal polarization, njenge-100:1 noma i-500:1.