I-Atosecond Pulses iveza izimfihlo zokubambezeleka kwesikhathi

I-Atosecond pulsesZembula izimfihlo zokubambezeleka kwesikhathi
Ososayensi e-United States, ngosizo lwe-atosecond pulses, seveze imininingwane emisha mayelanaUmphumela We-Photoelectric: Theukuphuma kwe-PhotoElectricukubambezeleka kufinyelela kuma-atoseconds angama-700, isikhathi eside kunalokho obekulindelwe ngaphambili. Lolu cwaningo lwakamuva lokucwaninga amamodeli akhona akhona futhi linomthelela ekuqondeni okujulile kokuxhumana phakathi kwama-elektroni, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-semiconductor namaseli elanga.
Umphumela we-PhotoElectric ubhekisa entomoni ekhanya lapho kukhanya kukhanya ku-molecule noma i-athomu endaweni yensimbi, i-Photon ixhumana ne-molecule noma i-athomu bese ikhipha ama-elektroni. Lo mphumela akusona nje kuphela ezisekelweni ezibalulekile ze-quantum mechanics, kodwa futhi unomthelela omkhulu ku-physics yanamuhla, i-chemistry kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha. Kodwa-ke, kulo mkhakha, isikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi yi-PhotoEmossion Delay Isikhathi sesibe yisihloko esiphikisayo, futhi amamodeli ahlukahlukene e-theory achaze amandla ahlukene, kepha akukho ukuvumelana okuhlangene eyenziwe.
Njengoba insimu yesayensi ye-atosecond isayensi ithuthukile kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, leli thuluzi elivelayo linikeza indlela engakaze ibonwe ukuze ihlole izwe le-microscopic. Ngemicimbi yokulinganisa ngqo eyenzeka esikalini esifushane kakhulu, abacwaningi bayakwazi ukuthola eminye imininingwane mayelana nokuziphatha okunamandla kwezinhlayiya. Ocwaningweni lwakamuva, basebenzise uchungechunge lwama-X-ray ama-X-ray akhiqizwa umthombo opholile wokukhanya esikhungweni seStanford Linac (i-SLAC), eyathatha kuphela isigidigidi se-elektroni (i-atosecond), ku-Ionesie ama-molecule ajabulisayo.
Ukuphinda uhlaziye ama-trajectories alawa ma-elektroni akhishwe, asebenzise okujabulisayo ngawodwaI-Laser pulsesukukala izikhathi zokuphuma kwama-elektroni ezinhlaka ezihlukile. Le ndlela ibavumele ukubala ngokunembile umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwezikhathi ezihlukile ezibangelwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-elektroni, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubambezeleka kungafinyelela ama-atosecond angama-700. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi lokhu kutholwa akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ama-hypotheses athile wangaphambilini, kodwa futhi kuphakamisa imibuzo emisha, okwenza imibono efanelekile idinga ukuhlolwa futhi ibukezwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundo siqokomisa ukubaluleka kokulinganisa nokuhumusha lokhu kubambezeleka kwesikhathi, okubalulekile ukuqonda imiphumela yokuhlola. E-Protein Crystallography, ukucabanga kwezokwelapha, nezinye izinhlelo ezibalulekile ezibandakanya ukuhlangana kwama-x-ray ngendaba, le mininingwane kuzoba yisisekelo esibalulekile sokulungisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokucabanga. Ngakho-ke, iqembu lihlela ukuqhubeka nokuhlola amandla kagesi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-molecule ukuze kuveze imininingwane emisha mayelana nokuziphatha kwama-elekthronikhi ezinhlotsheni eziyinkimbinkimbi, kubeka isisekelo sedatha esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezihlobene ngokuzayo.