I-LiNbO3 intensity modulator isetshenziswa kabanzi ohlelweni lwezokuxhumana olunesivinini esiphezulu, i-laser sensing kanye nezinhlelo ze-ROF ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwe-electro-optic. Uchungechunge lwe-R-AM olusekelwe kusakhiwo se-MZ push-pull kanye ne-X-cut design, inezici ezinzile zomzimba namakhemikhali, ezingasetshenziswa kokubili ekuhlolweni kwelabhorethri nezinhlelo zezimboni.