Muva nje, i-US Spirit probe iqedele ukuhlola kokuxhumana nge-laser yasemkhathini ejulile enezindawo eziphansi eziqhele ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-16, yabeka irekhodi elisha lebanga lokuxhumana kwe-optical space. Ngakho yiziphi izinzuzoukuxhumana kwe-laser? Ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zobuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo zemishini, ibuphi ubunzima okudingeka bunqobe? Liyini ithemba lokusetshenziswa kwayo emkhakheni wokuhlola indawo ejulile esikhathini esizayo?
Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, hhayi ukwesaba izinselele
Ukuhlola indawo ejulile kuwumsebenzi oyinselele enkulu ngesikhathi abacwaningi basemkhathini behlola umkhathi. Ama-probes adinga ukuwela indawo ephakathi kwezinkanyezi ezikude, anqobe izindawo ezimbi nezimo ezinzima, athole futhi adlulise idatha ebalulekile, futhi ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana budlala indima ebalulekile.
Umdwebo wohlelo lweisikhala esijulile laser ukuxhumanaukuhlola phakathi kwe-Spirit probe yesathelayithi nendawo yokubuka umhlaba
Ngomhla ziyi-13 kuMfumfu, uphenyo lukaMoya lwaqalwa, luqala uhambo lokuhlola oluzothatha okungenani iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi, yasebenza netheleskopu ye-Hale e-Palomar Observatory e-United States ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-laser ejulile, isebenzisa ikhodi ye-laser eseduze ne-infrared ukuze kuxhunywe idatha namathimba aseMhlabeni. Kuze kube manje, umtshina kanye nemishini yayo yokuxhumana nge-laser kudingeka inqobe okungenani izinhlobo ezine zobunzima. Ngokulandelana, ibanga elikude, ukuncishiswa kwesignali nokuphazamiseka, ukukhawulwa komkhawulokudonsa nokubambezeleka, umkhawulo wamandla kanye nezinkinga zokukhipha ukushisa zifanelwe ukunakwa. Sekuyisikhathi eside abacwaningi belindele futhi belungiselela lobu bunzima, futhi baye bangena ochungechungeni lobuchwepheshe obubalulekile, babeka isisekelo esihle se-Spirit probe ukuze benze ukuhlola okujulile zokuxhumana nge-laser emkhathini.
Okokuqala, umtshina we-Spirit usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu, i-laser beam ekhethiwe njengendlela yokudlulisela, ifakwei-laser enamandla amakhuluTransmitter, usebenzisa izinzuzoukudluliswa kwe-laserizinga kanye nokuzinza okuphezulu, ukuzama ukusungula izixhumanisi zokuxhumana nge-laser endaweni ejulile yesikhala.
Okwesibili, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka nokuzinza kokuxhumana, umtshina Womoya usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubhala amakhodi obusebenzayo, obungakwazi ukufeza izinga eliphakeme lokudluliswa kwedatha ngaphakathi komkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe ngokuthuthukisa ukubhalwa kwedatha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inganciphisa izinga lephutha elincane futhi ithuthukise ukunemba kokudluliswa kwedatha ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulungisa amakhodi wangaphambili wokulungisa iphutha.
Okwesithathu, ngosizo lokuhlela okuhlakaniphile nokulawula ubuchwepheshe, uphenyo lubona ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinsiza zokuxhumana. Ubuchwepheshe bungalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izimiso zokuxhumana kanye namazinga okudlulisela kuye ngezinguquko ezidingweni zomsebenzi kanye nendawo yokuxhumana, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe imiphumela engcono kakhulu yokuxhumana ngaphansi kwezimo zamandla alinganiselwe.
Okokugcina, ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okwamukela isignali, i-Spirit probe isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokwamukela imishayo eminingi. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa ama-antenna amaningi amukelayo ukwenza i-array, engathuthukisa ukuzwela kokwamukela nokuzinza kwesignali, bese igcina ukuxhumana okuzinzile endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi ejulile.
Izinzuzo zisobala, zifihlwe ekusithekeni
Izwe langaphandle akunzima ukuthola ukuthilaseriyingxenye eyinhloko yokuhlolwa kokuxhumana emkhathini okujulile kwe-Spirit probe, ngakho yiziphi izinzuzo ezithile i-laser enazo ukuze isize inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile yokuxhumana kwasemkhathini okujulile? Yini imfihlakalo?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo esikhulayo sedatha enkulu, izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu namavidiyo emishini yokuhlola indawo ejulile nakanjani izodinga amazinga aphezulu okudluliswa kwedatha yokuxhumana emkhathini ojulile. Ebusweni bebanga lokudluliswa kwezokuxhumana elivame “ukuqala” ngamashumi ezigidi zamakhilomitha, amaza omsakazo kancane kancane “aphelelwa amandla.”
Nakuba ukuxhumana nge-laser kubhala ulwazi kuma-photon, uma kuqhathaniswa namaza omsakazo, amaza okukhanya aseduze ne-infrared anobude obuncane begagasi kanye nefrikhwensi ephezulu, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha idatha yendawo “umgwaqo onguthelawayeka” onokudluliswa kolwazi okusebenza kahle kakhulu nokushelelayo. Leli phuzu liye laqinisekiswa ngaphambilini ekuhlolweni komkhathi we-low-Earth orbit. Ngemva kokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokunqoba ukuphazamiseka komoya, izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha yohlelo lokuxhumana lwe-laser yake yaba phezulu cishe izikhathi eziyi-100 kunaleso sezindlela zokuxhumana zangaphambilini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-26-2024