Uhlobo lweIdivayisi ye-PhotoDesectorukwakheka
I-PhotoDETETETETECETETETIngabe idivaysi eguqula isiginali ye-Optical ibe yisiginali kagesi, isakhiwo sayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo, ingahlukaniswa ikakhulu izigaba ezilandelayo:
(1) PhotoDoductive PhotoDepective
Lapho amadivaysi e-photocoductive avezwa ukukhanya, umthwali we-phonenenerated akhulisa amandla abo futhi anciphise ukumelana kwawo. Abathwali bajabule ekushiseni kwamakamelo bahamba ngendlela eqondile ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela bakhiqize okwamanje. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokukhanya, ama-elektroni ajabule futhi aguquka kwenzeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, bakhukhuleka ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi ukwakha i-PhotoCust. Abathwali be-photogenenerate aphumela bakhulisa ukuthuthuka kwensiza futhi ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ukumelana. Ama-PhotoCoductive PhotoDetectors ajwayele ukukhombisa inzuzo ephezulu nokuphendula okukhulu ekusebenzeni, kepha awakwazi ukuphendula kumasiginali we-optical avamisile, ngakho-ke isivinini sokuphendula sihamba kancane, okukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi we-photocoductive kwezinye izici.
(2)Pn PhotoDepector
I-PN PHOTODETETECETED yakhiwa ngokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto zohlobo lwe-semiconductor kanye ne-N-Type semiconductor. Ngaphambi kokuthi othintana naye wakheka, lezi zinto ezimbili zisesimweni esihlukile. Izinga le-Fermi ku-semiconductor ye-P-Tycond lisondele emaphethelweni we-valence band, ngenkathi izinga le-Fermi ku-n-semiconductor lisondele emaphethelweni ebhendi ye-conduction. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga le-Fermi lezinto zohlobo lwe-N onqenqemeni lwebhendi lokuhumusha liyaqhubeka liyashintshwa kuze kube yilapho izinga le-Fermi lezinto zokwakha ezimbili lisesimweni esifanayo. Ukushintshwa kwesikhundla sebhendi ye-conduction kanye ne-valence band nakho kuhambisana nokugoba iqembu. I-PN Junction i-Equilibrium futhi ineveli le-Uniform Fermi. Ukusuka esicini sokuhlaziywa kwenkampani yenethiwekhi, iningi lezinkampani zokukhokhisa ezintweni zohlobo lwe-P-Type ziyizimbobo, kuyilapho iningi labathwali benkokhiso ezintweni zohlobo lwe-N-FINE ngama-elektroni. Lapho izinto zokwenza izinto ezimbili zixhumana, ngenxa yomehluko ekuhluthelweni kwenkampani yenethiwekhi, ama-elektroni ezinto zohlobo lwe-n-hlobo azosebenzisa ukufakwa ku-P-Type, kuyilapho ama-elektroni ezintweni zohlobo lwe-n. Indawo engalinganiswanga eshiywe ukuguquguquka kwama-elektroni kanye nezimbobo kuzokwakha insimu kagesi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, kanti insimu kagesi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi izobhekana nokuqondiswa kwenkundla ye-PN, futhi i-drift yokwakheka kwe-PN yaze yalingana, ngakho-ke i-static Carring Flow is zero. Ibhalansi yangaphakathi enamandla.
Lapho i-PN Junction ivezwa ngemisebe yokukhanya, amandla we-Photon adluliselwa kumthwali, kanye ne-Photogenerated Carrier, okungukuthi, i-Photogenerate Electron-Hole Pair, yenziwa. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi, i-elektroni bese umgodi ikhuphukela esifundeni se-N kanye ne-P ngokulandelana, futhi ukuqubuka kwe-Photogenerated Carriers kukhiqiza i-PhotoCurent. Lesi yisisekelo esiyisisekelo se-PN Junction PhotoDetector.
(3)PIN PhotoDepector
I-Pin Photodiode iyindlela ye-P-Type ne-N-Type Material phakathi kwe-I Wander, i-I Warser of the Okuqukethwe ngokuvamile iyisitabane esingaphakathi noma esiphansi. Indlela yayo yokusebenza iyafana ne-PN Junction, lapho i-PIN Junction ivezwa ngemisebe ekhanyayo, i-Photon idlulisela amandla kwi-Electron, futhi insimu yangaphandle yangaphandle izohlukanisa ama-Pellenerated Alectron-Hole Ball engqimini ye-elecletion, kanye nenkundla yokuthwala imali ekhokhiswayo izokwakha okwamanje esisekelweni sangaphandle. Iqhaza elidlalwe ngusendlalelo ngikwandise ububanzi besendlalelo se-depletion, futhi ungqimba ngizobe ngiba yisendlalelo esibi ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi amakhulu, ngakho-ke ijubane le-elektroni elikhiqizwayo lizohlukaniswa ngokushesha kunalokho komshini we-PN Junnect. Abathwali abangaphandle kwe-I warder nabo baqoqwa yisendlalelo se-defetion ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza kwe-pleance, kwakha indawo yamanje. Ubukhulu besendlalelo se-I, ngokuvamile mncane kakhulu, futhi inhloso yawo ukuthuthukisa ijubane lokuphendula lomtshina.
(4)I-PhotoDector ye-APDI-Avalanche Photodiode
Indlela yeI-Avalanche Photodiodekuyafana nalokho kwe-PN Junction. I-PhotoDector ye-APD isebenzisa kakhulu i-PN Jnction, i-voltage esebenzayo esuselwa ekutholweni kwe-APD inkulu, futhi lapho kufakwa i-bias enkulu eguqukayo, ukungqubuzana kokuphindaphindeka kwe-avalanche kuzokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-APD, futhi ukusebenza komtshina kukhushule i-PhotoCharve. Lapho i-APD ikumodi ye-BIASSEPERION, insimu kagesi ehlelweni lokudangala izoba namandla kakhulu, futhi abathwali bezindawo ezikhiqizwe ngokukhanya bazohlukaniswa ngokushesha futhi basheshe bakhubeke ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi. Kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi ama-elektroni azongena ethangeni ngalesi sivumelwano, okwenza ama-elektroni asothayela abe yi-Iobised. Le nqubo iyaphindwa, futhi ama-Ionized Ions eLattice futhi ashayisana nethanga, okwenza inani labathwali be-APD ukuze bandise, kuholele ekutheni kube manje. Yile mishini eyingqayizivele yomzimba ye-APD ukuthi abakwa-APD-based detectors ngokuvamile banezici zejubane lokuphendula okusheshayo, inzuzo enkulu yamanje yenani nokuzwela okuphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PN Junction kanye nePin Junction, i-APD inesivinini sokuphendula esisheshayo, okuyinto esheshayo yokuphendula ngokushesha phakathi kwamashubhu wamanje abathobekile.
(5) I-Schottky Junction Junction PhotoDepector
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-SchootTKy Junction GitoDesector iyi-didiode yaso ye-schorttky, izimpawu zikagesi ezifana nalezo ze-PN Junction ezichazwe ngenhla, futhi zinokuphakelayo okungathandeki nge-revolive etholwayo. Lapho insimbi enomsebenzi ophakeme womsebenzi kanye ne-semiconductor enefomu eliphansi lomsebenzi othintana naye, kwakhiwa umgoqo we-schottky, futhi i-junction ephumayo iyinhlangano yokuhlangana. Umshini omkhulu ufana ngandlela thile nge-PN Junction, uthatha i-semiconductors ye-n Ama-elektroni asetshenziswayo aqongelela ngokuqhubekayo ekugcineni kwensimbi, ngenxa yalokho abhubhise ukungathathi hlangothi kukagesi kwangempela kwensimbi, futhi ama-elektroni azokwenziwa ngesikhathi se-semicilibrium yangaphakathi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi azokwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye, ngemuva kwesikhathi sokufinyelela i-schottky Junction. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya, isifunda sokuvila simunca ngokuqondile ukukhanya futhi sikhiqiza ama-elektroni umgodi wababili, kuyilapho abathwali be-Photogenerated ngaphakathi kwe-PN Junction badinga ukudlula esifundeni sokuphazamiseka ukuze bafinyelele esifundeni sokuphazamisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PN Junction, i-PhotoDector ngokususelwa ku-Schottky Junction inesivinini sokuphendula esisheshayo, nesivinini sokuphendula singafinyelela ngisho nenqanaba le-NS.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-13-2024