Ubuchwepheshe bokuthola inkulumo ekude nge-laser

Ubuchwepheshe bokuthola inkulumo ekude nge-laser
I-Laserukutholwa kwenkulumo okude: Ukuveza ukwakheka kwesistimu yokuthola

Umsebe we-laser ozacile udansa kamnandi emoyeni, ufuna buthule imisindo ekude, umgomo osekelwe kulo “mlingo” wobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo ugcwele i-esoteric futhi ugcwele ubuhle. Namuhla, ake siphakamise iveli kulobu buchwepheshe obumangalisayo futhi sihlole ukwakheka nezimiso zabo ezinhle. Umgomo wokutholwa kwezwi okukude nge-laser uboniswa kuMfanekiso 1(a). Isistimu yokutholwa kwezwi ekude ye-laser yakhiwe isistimu yokulinganisa ukudlidliza kwe-laser kanye nethagethi yokulinganisa ukudlidliza okungahlanganisi ukubambisana. Ngokwemodi yokutholwa kokukhanya okubuyayo, isistimu yokuthola ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo olungaphazamisi kanye nohlobo lokuphazamiseka, futhi umdwebo wohlelo uboniswa ngokulandelana kuMfanekiso 1(b) no-(c).

I-FIG. 1 (a) Umdwebo wokuvimba wokutholwa kwezwi okukude nge-laser; (b) Umdwebo oyisikimu wesistimu yokulinganisa ukudlidliza kwe-laser engeyona i-interferometric; (c) Umdwebo wesimiso wesistimu yokulinganisa ukudlidliza kwe-laser interferometric remote

一. Isistimu yokuthola okungaphazanyiswa Ukutholwa okungaphazamisi kuwuhlamvu lwabangane oluqondile kakhulu, ngokusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser yendawo eqondiwe, ngokunyakaza okugobile kokumodulation kwe-azimuth yokukhanya ebonisiwe okuholela kushintsho ekugcineni kokwamukela kokuqina kokukhanya noma isithombe se-spekle. ukukala ngokuqondile ukudlidliza okuncane kwendawo okuqondiwe kuyo, bese “kuqonde ngqo” ukuze kuzuzwe ukutholwa kwesignali ye-acoustic ekude. Ngokwesakhiwo sokwamukelai-photodetector, uhlelo olungaphazamisi lungahlukaniswa lube uhlobo lwephoyinti elilodwa nohlobo lwamalungu afanayo. Umnyombo wesakhiwo sephoyinti elilodwa “ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesignali ye-acoustic”, okungukuthi, ukudlidliza kwangaphezulu kwento kukalwa ngokulinganisa ukuguqulwa kokuqina kokukhanya komtshina okubangelwa ukuguqulwa komumo wokukhanya obuyayo. Isakhiwo sephuzu elilodwa sinezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, isakhiwo esilula, izinga eliphezulu lokusampula kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwesikhathi sangempela kwesiginali ye-acoustic ngokuya ngempendulo yomtshina we-photocurrent, kodwa umphumela we-laser speckle uzocekela phansi ubudlelwano phakathi kokudlidliza nokuqina kokukhanya komtshina. , ngakho-ke ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokutholwa okungaphazanyiswa kwephuzu elilodwa. Isakhiwo samalungu afanayo sakha kabusha ukudlidliza kwangaphezulu kwethagethi nge-algorithm yokucubungula isithombe esimachashaza, ukuze isistimu yokulinganisa ukudlidliza ibe nokuguquguquka okuqinile endaweni emagebhugebhu, futhi ibe nokunemba okuphezulu nokuzwela.

二. Uhlelo lokubona ukuphazamiseka luhlukile ekuboneni okungabonakali okungaphazamisi, ukutholwa kokuphazamiseka kunentelezi engaqondile, isimiso singokusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser ebusweni bethagethi, indawo eqondiwe eduze kwe-eksisi ebonakalayo yokugudluka kuya ekukhanyeni okungemuva. yethula ukuguqulwa kwesigaba/imvamisa, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphazamisa ukukala ukuguquka kwemvamisa/ukushintsha kwesigaba ukuze kuzuzwe ukulinganiswa kokudlidliza okuncane okukude. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokutholwa kwe-interferometric obuthuthuke kakhulu bungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya ngesimiso sobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ukudlidliza kwe-laser Doppler kanye nendlela yokuphazamiseka yokuzixuba nge-laser ngokusekelwe ekutholweni kwesignali ye-acoustic ekude. Indlela yokulinganisa ukudlidliza kwe-Laser Doppler isekelwe kumphumela we-Doppler we-laser ukuze kutholwe isignali yomsindo ngokulinganisa ukushintshwa kwemvamisa ye-Doppler okubangelwa ukudlidliza kwendawo eqondiwe. Ubuchwepheshe be-laser self-mixing interferometry bukala ukugudluzwa, isivinini, ukudlidliza kanye nebanga lethagethi ngokuvumela ingxenye yokukhanya okubonisiwe kwethagethi ekude ukuthi iphinde ingene ku-laser resonator futhi ibangele ukuguqulwa kwe-laser field amplitude kanye nemvamisa. Izinzuzo zayo ilele kusayizi omncane kanye nokuzwela okuphezulu kwesistimu yokulinganisa ukudlidliza, kanye neamandla aphansi laseringasetshenziswa ukuthola isignali yomsindo ekude. Isistimu yokulinganisa ukuzihlanganisa kwe-laser ye-frequency-shift yokutholwa kwesignali yenkulumo ekude iboniswa kuMfanekiso 2.

I-FIG. 2 Umdwebo wohlelo lwesistimu yokulinganisa ukuzihlanganisa kwe-laser ye-frequency-shift

Njengendlela yobuchwepheshe ewusizo nephumelelayo, i-laser "umlingo" idlala inkulumo ekude ayikwazi kuphela emkhakheni wokutholwa, emkhakheni wokutholwa okuphikisayo futhi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi - ubuchwepheshe be-laser interception countermeasure. Lobu buchwepheshe bungafinyelela izinyathelo zokunqanda izinga lamamitha angu-100 endlini, ezakhiweni zehhovisi nakwezinye izindawo zodonga lwamakhethini engilazi, futhi idivayisi eyodwa ingavikela ngokuphumelelayo igumbi lenkomfa elinendawo yefasitela engamamitha-skwele angu-15, ngaphezu kwesivinini sokuphendula esisheshayo sokuskena. kanye nokubeka endaweni phakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-10, ukunemba kokuma okuphezulu kwezinga lokuqashelwa elingaphezu kuka-90%, nokuthembeka okuphezulu komsebenzi ozinzile wesikhathi eside. Ubuchwepheshe bokumelana ne-laser bunganikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokuphepha kolwazi lwe-acoustic yabasebenzisi kumahhovisi omkhakha abalulekile nezinye izimo.